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40天攻克大学英语四级-第7部分

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      Q: What is the author’s attitude toward the future of autos?    
      A) Enthusiastic。 B) Pessimistic。    
      C) Optimistic。 D) Cautious。    
      【题目译文】对于汽车的未来,作者的态度是什么?    
      【答案解析】C。在最后一句话中,作者说明了自动高速公路系统的优势,平均每小时可以处理1万辆汽车,但是现在的高速公路每小时只能处理1500~2000辆汽车,所以作者对于汽车未来的态度应该是乐观的。    
          
    


unit 1 总论Day 5 题型及应对策略四(词义题)

      题型及应对策略四(词义题)    
      有些问题是对于文章中的单词进行提问,即词义题。    
      词义题的题目形式有:    
      The word。。。in the first paragraph most probably means _____。    
      What is the meaning of 。。。?    
      By 。。。the author refers to _____。    
      The expression 。。。can be replaced by _____。    
      词义题有两种情况:    
      1)超纲词汇。出题老师故意给出难词,要求同学们运用上下文各种信息找到意思。如“acomentuate”,“cushion”等。    
      2)熟词生义。有些词同学们知道常用意思,但在文章中的意思就不一定了解。如“official”,“community”等。    
      解题时有六大技巧帮助我们:    
      1)下定义(Definition):即在一个生词后面给出它的定义,我们从定义就可以容易地找出生词的意思。    
      He takes a special interest in botany—the study of plants。    
      从破折号后面的注释我们知道“botany”意思为“植物学”。    
      2)重述(Restatement):在生词后面用一句话或一个短语从另外一个角度解释一下这个词。    
      He is very fastidious。 It is extremely hard to please and satisfy him。(挑剔的)    
      1999。6    
      28。 The word “provincial” most probably means _____。    
      A) limited in outlook     
      B) like people from the provinces    
      C) rigid in thinking     
      D) interested in world financial affairs    
      First; Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs。 Knowledge of world geography; for example; has never been strong in this country。    
      【解析】从“provincial”后面的部分可知,美国人对于地方事务更感兴趣,比如对于世界地理的知识的了解在美国从来就不是很强。那么“provincial”最可能指美国人视野狭隘,答案为A)。    
      3)相关信息(Related information):用上下文的相关信息猜出生词的含义。    
      2000。12    
      30。 The word “they” in “。。。together they threaten to confuse” refers to _____。    
      A) practicality and rationality     
      B) engineering and the liberal arts    
      C) reality and noble ideals     
      D) flexibility and a value system    
      The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical sucomessful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school。 Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse。    
      【解析】从第一句话可知,“they”指的是“engineering and the liberal arts”,即工科和文科。答案为B)。    
      4)举例(Exemplification):即在生词后面用一个例子加以解释,我们从例子的含义可以推知生词的意思。    
      2001。6    
      29。 The author mentions the example of “backpacks” to show the importance of __________。    
      A) increasing usage among students    
      B) exploring new market sections    
      C) pleasing the young as well as the old    
      D) serving both military and civil needs    
      The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies。 The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline。 One strategy is called market modification。 It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections。 Did you know; for example; that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?    
      【解析】文章提到后肩背包的例子是为了说明“market modification”和“marketing managers look for new users and market sections”。所以答案应为B)。    
      5)比较与对比。    
      例一    
      Nowadays some young people are not thrifty; since they often waste money on useless things。    
      用对比法可知“thrifty”表示“节俭的”。    
      例二    
      So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning; they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves。 Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them。 It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading。 Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible。”    
      Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes。 They differ in kind and function。 The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read。 Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed。    
      Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language。 Almost all of it is private; for learning is an ocomupation of the mind; and that process is not open to public scrutiny。    
      If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable; what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions。 “Make learning to read easy; which means making reading a meaningful; enjoyable and frequent experience for children。”    
      When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are; and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately; then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated。 Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading。    
      Q: The word “scrutiny” (Line 3; Para。 3) most probably means “______”。    
      A) suspicion B) control    
      C) observation D) inquiry    
      【题目译文】“Scrutiny”最可能表示_______。    
      【答案解析】C。本题难度很大,在考试时绝大部分考生都做错了。需要结合第二和第三段用对比法做出。第二段最后一句话说:“教是一种公开的活动:可以看到和观察到”,而第三段第二句话说:“学习阅读似乎完全是私人的,因为学习是使用大脑,而且此过程对于公众的_______不公开”。我们知道“public”和“private”是反义词,所以此处的“scrutiny”应该等于“observation”。    
      6)构词法:有时我们知道这个生词的词根,前缀或者后缀,就可以猜出词的意思。    
      1999。6    
      Q: The word “provincial” most probably means _____。    
      A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces    
      C) rigid in thinking D) interested in world financial affairs    
      First; Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs。 Knowledge of world geography; for example; has never been strong in this country。    
      【解析】“Provincial”的词根为“province”,表示“省”,所以“provincial”指“首都以外各地的”,推测可知意思是“目光狭隘的,无知的”。    
          
    unit 1 同形异义词辨析(10天)Day 1

      1。 Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has the quality of the programs。 (2004。06)    
      A) lessened B) declined C) affected D) effected    
      2。 Some plants are very to light; they prefer the shade。 (2003。12)    
      A) sensible B) flexible C) objective D) sensitive    
      3。 The author was required to submit an of about 200 words together with his research paper。 (2003。12)    
      A) edition B) editorial C) article D) abstract    
      4。 It is too early to say whether IBM’s competitors will be able to their products to the new hardware at an affordable cost。 (2003。09)    
      A) adapt B) stick C) yield D) adopt    
      5。 The football game comes to you from New York。 (2002。01)    
      A) live B) lively C) alive D) living    
      解题小贴士    
      1。 【C】    
      选项中有affect,effect,出题者正是看中了我们对这两个单词的认知度不够。affect意为“影响”(verb);effect意为“结果,作用,影响”(noun);lessen意为“减少,减轻”;decline意为“下倾,下降”。正确答案为C,题目译文为:“评论家们认为被大量广告控制的电视已经影响了节目的质量。”    
      2。 【D】    
      在英语中一个单词的形容词形式有很多变形,稍不注意,我们就很容易被它们搞糊涂,千万别掉进陷阱了哟!sense意为“见识,感觉”,加…tive表示具感觉性质的,意为“敏感的”,引申意为“灵敏的,感光的”;加…able后意为“能够感到的,有意识的,明智的,有判断力的”;flexible意为“灵活的,柔软的”;objective意为“客观的,公正的”。所以正确答案为D,题目译文为:“有些植物对光特别敏感,它们喜欢荫凉处。”    
      3。 【D】    
      edition表“版本”,paper covered edition平装本,hard copy edition精装本;editorial表“编辑的”;article表“文章,论文”;abstract表“摘要”。按题目意思来看,只有“摘要”才会是200字的。所以正确答案为D,题目译文为:“作者不得不随他的研究论文交一份200字的摘要。”    
      4。 【A】    
      这一题的考点在adapt和adopt上,有些考生很难在短时间内区分出其意思,尤其是放在一起时。前者意为“适应,改编”,adapt to new conditions适应新环境;后者中间为“o”,让我们想到son,boy,所以意为“收养,采用”,adopt skills采用技巧,adopt children收养孩子;stick表“粘住,粘贴”;yield表“出产,(~to)屈服”。正确答案为A,题目译文为:“IBM的竞争对手是否能够以合适的成本使他们的产品去适应新的硬件,这件事情现在说还为时尚早。”    
      5。 【A】    
      这几个单词都是live的形容词,A中live是我们经常在电视的右上角看到的,表示“实况转播”。B中的lively虽以…ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词,表示“活泼的,真实的”,这一点提示了我们并不是所有以…ly结尾的单词都是副词,英语中有很多例外,如我们较熟悉的friendly“和蔼可亲的”,weekly“每周一次的”。C选项中alive,也表示“活着的,活泼的”,但通常情况下,以a…开头的形容词做表语的居多。以…ing结尾的形容词有正在进行着之意,所以living意为“活着的,有生命的”。所以正确答案为A,题目译文为:“你观看的足球赛来自纽约实况转播。”    
      以上的五道真题不过是茫茫词海中的一粟。这些单词的典型特点就是极其相似,一不留神,就会中了出题人的招。不过换个思维来说,
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