ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ1²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Essays¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡Charles¡¡Kingsley¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡2¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡FIRST¡¡DISCOVERY¡¡OF¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AMERICA¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡me¡¡begin¡¡this¡¡lecture¡¡£û1£ý¡¡with¡¡a¡¡scene¡¡in¡¡the¡¡North¡¡Atlantic¡¡863¡¡

years¡¡since¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Bjarne¡¡Grimolfson¡¡was¡¡blown¡¡with¡¡his¡¡ship¡¡into¡¡the¡¡Irish¡¡Ocean£»¡¡and¡¡

there¡¡came¡¡worms¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ship¡¡began¡¡to¡¡sink¡¡under¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡had¡¡a¡¡

boat¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had¡¡payed¡¡with¡¡seals'¡¡blubber£»¡¡for¡¡that¡¡the¡¡sea¡­¡¡worms¡¡will¡¡

not¡¡hurt¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡when¡¡they¡¡got¡¡into¡¡the¡¡boat¡¡they¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡it¡¡would¡¡not¡¡hold¡¡

them¡¡all¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡said¡¡Bjarne£»¡¡'As¡¡the¡¡boat¡¡will¡¡only¡¡hold¡¡the¡¡half¡¡of¡¡us£»¡¡my¡¡

advice¡¡is¡¡that¡¡we¡¡should¡¡draw¡¡lots¡¡who¡¡shall¡¡go¡¡in¡¡her£»¡¡for¡¡that¡¡will¡¡not¡¡be¡¡

unworthy¡¡of¡¡our¡¡manhood¡£'¡¡This¡¡advice¡¡seemed¡¡so¡¡good¡¡that¡¡none¡¡gainsaid¡¡

it£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡drew¡¡lots¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡the¡¡lot¡¡fell¡¡to¡¡Bjarne¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡go¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

boat¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡half¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡crew¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡got¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡boat£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡spake¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

Icelander¡¡who¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ship¡¡and¡¡had¡¡followed¡¡Bjarne¡¡from¡¡Iceland£»¡¡'Art¡¡

thou¡¡¡¡¡¡going¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡leave¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡here£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Bjarne£¿'¡¡¡¡Quoth¡¡¡¡¡¡Bjarne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡'So¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡£'¡¡

Then¡¡said¡¡the¡¡man£»¡¡'Another¡¡thing¡¡didst¡¡thou¡¡promise¡¡my¡¡father£»¡¡when¡¡I¡¡

sailed¡¡with¡¡thee¡¡from¡¡Iceland£»¡¡than¡¡to¡¡desert¡¡me¡¡thus¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡thou¡¡saidst¡¡that¡¡

we¡¡both¡¡should¡¡share¡¡the¡¡same¡¡lot¡£'¡¡Bjarne¡¡said£»¡¡'And¡¡that¡¡we¡¡will¡¡not¡¡do¡£¡¡

Get¡¡thou¡¡down¡¡into¡¡the¡¡boat£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡will¡¡get¡¡up¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ship£»¡¡now¡¡I¡¡see¡¡that¡¡

thou¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡so¡¡greedy¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡life¡£'¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡Bjarne¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡the¡¡¡¡ship£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡the¡¡

man¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡boat£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡boat¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡voyage¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡

came¡¡to¡¡Dublin¡¡in¡¡Ireland¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Most¡¡men¡¡say¡¡that¡¡Bjarne¡¡and¡¡his¡¡rades¡¡

perished¡¡among¡¡the¡¡worms£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡were¡¡never¡¡heard¡¡of¡¡after¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡story¡¡may¡¡serve¡¡as¡¡a¡¡text¡¡for¡¡my¡¡whole¡¡lecture¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Not¡¡only¡¡does¡¡it¡¡

smack¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sea¡­breeze¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡salt¡¡¡¡¡¡water£»¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡finest¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Norse¡¡

sagas£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡gives¡¡a¡¡glimpse¡¡at¡¡least¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nobleness¡¡which¡¡underlay¡¡the¡¡

grim¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡cruel¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Norseman¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡belongs£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡3¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



culminating¡¡¡¡¡¡epoch£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡era¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Scandinavian¡¡

peoples¡¡had¡¡their¡¡great¡¡times£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡old¡¡fierceness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡worshippers¡¡

of¡¡Thor¡¡and¡¡Odin¡¡was¡¡tempered£»¡¡without¡¡being¡¡effeminated£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Faith¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨White¡¡¡¡¡¡Christ£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡very¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡destroyers¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Western¡¡Europe¡¡became¡¡its¡¡civilisers¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡have£»¡¡¡¡¡¡moreover£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡special¡¡¡¡¡¡interest¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Americans¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Foras¡¡

American¡¡¡¡¡¡antiquaries¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡awareBjarne¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡voyage¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡coast¡¡of¡¡New¡¡England£»¡¡possibly¡¡from¡¡that¡¡very¡¡Mount¡¡Hope¡¡Bay¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡borne¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡

Norsemen£»¡¡as¡¡afterwards¡¡in¡¡the¡¡days¡¡of¡¡King¡¡Philip£»¡¡the¡¡last¡¡sachem¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

Wampanong¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Indians¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡going¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡Greenland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

reinforcements£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡finding£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fellow¡­captain£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thorfinn£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Esquimaux¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡dwelt¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡land¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡strong¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Norsemen¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡edge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡discovery£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡might¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

changed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡history¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡continent¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡¡¡¡¡likewise¡£¡¡

They¡¡had¡¡found¡¡and¡¡colonised¡¡Iceland¡¡and¡¡Greenland¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡had¡¡found¡¡

Labrador£»¡¡and¡¡called¡¡it¡¡Helluland£»¡¡from¡¡its¡¡ice¡­polished¡¡rocks¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡had¡¡

found¡¡¡¡¡¡Nova¡¡¡¡¡¡Scotia¡¡¡¡¡¡seemingly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡Markland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡woods¡£¡¡

They¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡New¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡Vinland¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Good¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡fair¡¡

land¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡wooded£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡pasturage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡

already¡¡imported¡¡cows£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡bull¡¡whose¡¡lowings¡¡terrified¡¡the¡¡Esquimaux¡£¡¡

They¡¡had¡¡found¡¡self¡­sown¡¡corn¡¡too£»¡¡probably¡¡maize¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡streams¡¡were¡¡

full¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡salmon¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡land¡¡¡¡¡¡Vinland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡reason¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡

grapes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Quaint¡¡enough£»¡¡and¡¡bearing¡¡in¡¡its¡¡very¡¡quaintness¡¡the¡¡stamp¡¡of¡¡

truth£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡finding¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wild¡¡fox¡­grapes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡Leif¡¡

the¡¡Fortunate£»¡¡almost¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡he¡¡first¡¡landed£»¡¡missed¡¡a¡¡little¡¡wizened¡¡old¡¡

German¡¡¡¡¡¡servant¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡father's£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Tyrker¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡name£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡vexed¡¡

thereat£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡on¡¡the¡¡old¡¡man's¡¡knee£»¡¡and¡¡hurrying¡¡off¡¡

to¡¡find¡¡him¡¡met¡¡Tyrker¡¡ing¡¡back¡¡twisting¡¡his¡¡eyes¡¡abouta¡¡trick¡¡of¡¡his¡­¡¡

¡­smacking¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡lips¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡talking¡¡¡¡¡¡German¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡high¡¡¡¡¡¡excitement¡£¡¡

And¡¡when¡¡they¡¡get¡¡him¡¡to¡¡talk¡¡Norse¡¡again£»¡¡he¡¡says£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡have¡¡not¡¡been¡¡

far£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡have¡¡news¡¡for¡¡you¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡found¡¡vines¡¡and¡¡grapes£¡¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Is¡¡that¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡4¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



true£»¡¡foster¡­father£¿¡¨¡¡says¡¡Leif¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨True¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡the¡¡old¡¡German£»¡¡¡¨for¡¡I¡¡

was¡¡brought¡¡up¡¡where¡¡there¡¡was¡¡never¡¡any¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡them¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡sagaas¡¡given¡¡by¡¡Rafnhad¡¡a¡¡detailed¡¡description¡¡of¡¡this¡¡quaint¡¡

personage's¡¡¡¡¡¡appearance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡amiss¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡wine¡­¡¡

growers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡employ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡American¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sculptorand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

American¡¡sculptorsto¡¡render¡¡that¡¡description¡¡into¡¡marble£»¡¡and¡¡set¡¡up¡¡little¡¡

Tyrker¡¡in¡¡some¡¡public¡¡place£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Silenus¡¡of¡¡the¡¡New¡¡World¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡first¡¡cargoes¡¡homeward¡¡from¡¡Vinland¡¡to¡¡Greenland¡¡had¡¡been¡¡

of¡¡timber¡¡and¡¡of¡¡raisins£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡vine¡­stocks£»¡¡which¡¡were¡¡not¡¡like¡¡to¡¡thrive¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Beyond¡¡¡¡¡¡Vinland¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Good¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡

land£»¡¡Whiteman's¡¡Landor¡¡Ireland¡¡the¡¡Mickle£»¡¡as¡¡some¡¡called¡¡it¡£¡¡For¡¡these¡¡

Norse¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡traders¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Limerick¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ari¡¡¡¡¡¡Marson£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ketla¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Ruykjanes£»¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡long¡¡since¡¡drowned¡¡at¡¡sea£»¡¡and¡¡said¡¡that¡¡

the¡¡people¡¡had¡¡made¡¡him¡¡and¡¡Ketla¡¡chiefs£»¡¡and¡¡baptized¡¡Ari¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡is¡¡all¡¡

this£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Esquimaux¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡taken¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

Markland¡¡told¡¡the¡¡Northmen£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡land¡¡beyond¡¡them¡¡where¡¡the¡¡folk¡¡wore¡¡

white¡¡clothes£»¡¡and¡¡carried¡¡flags¡¡on¡¡poles£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Are¡¡these¡¡all¡¡dreams£¿¡¡or¡¡was¡¡

some¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡civilisation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡relics¡¡¡¡¡¡whereof¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡antiquarians¡¡

find¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡parts¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡States£»¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡existence¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡900¡¡

years¡¡ago£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡these¡¡old¡¡Norse¡¡cousins¡¡of¡¡ours¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡very¡¡edge¡¡of¡¡

it£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Be¡¡that¡¡as¡¡it¡¡may£»¡¡how¡¡nearly¡¡did¡¡these¡¡fierce¡¡Vikings£»¡¡some¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡

seemed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡sailed¡¡far¡¡south¡¡along¡¡the¡¡shore£»¡¡bee¡¡aware¡¡that¡¡just¡¡

beyond¡¡them¡¡lay¡¡a¡¡land¡¡of¡¡fruits¡¡and¡¡spices£»¡¡gold¡¡and¡¡gems£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡adverse¡¡

current¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Gulf¡¡¡¡¡¡Stream£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be£»¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡prevented¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

getting¡¡¡¡¡¡past¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Bahamas¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Gulf¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Mexico£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sooner¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡later£»¡¡

some¡¡storm¡¡must¡¡have¡¡carried¡¡a¡¡Greenland¡¡viking¡¡to¡¡San¡¡Domingo¡¡or¡¡to¡¡

Cuba£»¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡as¡¡has¡¡been¡¡well¡¡said£»¡¡some¡¡Scandinavian¡¡dynasty¡¡might¡¡

have¡¡sat¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡throne¡¡of¡¡Mexico¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡stories¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡antiquarians¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡found£»¡¡

almost¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Professor¡¡¡¡¡¡Rafn's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Antiquitates¡¡¡¡¡¡Americanae¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

action¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡stands¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡clear¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡dramatic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡internal¡¡

evidence¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡historic¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡irresistible¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thorvald£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡saw¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡5¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



what¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡they¡¡say£»¡¡the¡¡bluff¡¡head¡¡of¡¡Alderton¡¡at¡¡the¡¡south¡­east¡¡end¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡Boston¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Bay£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¨Here¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡dwell£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡shot¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡

Esquimaux¡¡arrow£»¡¡bade¡¡bury¡¡him¡¡on¡¡that¡¡place£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡cross¡¡at¡¡his¡¡head¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡cross¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡feet£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cross¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ness¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡evermore£»¡¡

Gudrida£»¡¡the¡¡magnificent¡¡widow£»¡¡who¡¡wins¡¡hearts¡¡and¡¡sees¡¡strange¡¡deeds¡¡

from¡¡Iceland¡¡to¡¡Greenland£»¡¡and¡¡Greenland¡¡to¡¡Vinland¡¡and¡¡back£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡

worn¡¡out¡¡and¡¡sad£»¡¡goes¡¡off¡¡on¡¡a¡¡pilgrimage¡¡to¡¡Rome£»¡¡Helgi¡¡and¡¡Finnbogi£»¡¡

the¡¡¡¡Norwegians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡Arctic¡¡¡¡¡¡voyagers¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡times£»¡¡¡¡¡¡devise¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡

sorts¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡sports¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡games¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡keep¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡humour¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡

winter¡¡at¡¡Hope£»¡¡and¡¡last£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡least£»¡¡the¡¡terrible¡¡Freydisa£»¡¡who£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡

Norse¡¡are¡¡seized¡¡with¡¡a¡¡sudden¡¡panic¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Esquimaux¡¡and¡¡flee¡¡from¡¡them£»¡¡

as¡¡they¡¡had¡¡three¡¡weeks¡¡before¡¡fled¡¡from¡¡Thorfinn's¡¡bellowing¡¡bull£»¡¡turns£»¡¡

when¡¡so¡¡weak¡¡that¡¡she¡¡cannot¡¡escape£»¡¡single¡­¡¡handed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡savages£»¡¡and¡¡

catching¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡slain¡¡¡¡¡¡man's¡¡¡¡¡¡sword£»¡¡¡¡¡¡puts¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡flight¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡fierce¡¡

visage¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fierce¡¡¡¡¡¡criesFreydisa¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Terrible£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡voyage£»¡¡

persuades¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡husband¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡fall¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡Helgi¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Finnbogi£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡asleep£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

murder¡¡them¡¡and¡¡all¡¡their¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡will¡¡not¡¡murder¡¡the¡¡five¡¡

women¡¡too£»¡¡takes¡¡up¡¡an¡¡axe¡¡and¡¡slays¡¡them¡¡all¡¡herself£»¡¡and¡¡getting¡¡back¡¡to¡¡

Greenland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dark¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unexplained¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tale¡¡¡¡¡¡es¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡out£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lives¡¡

unpunished£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡abhorred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡henceforth¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡folks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡no¡¡

phantoms£»¡¡but¡¡realities£»¡¡at¡¡least£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡can¡¡judge¡¡of¡¡internal¡¡evidence¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡