ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ16²¿·Ö
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡
destined¡¡for¡¡the¡¡cloister£»¡¡being¡¡a¡¡sickly¡¡lad¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡uncle£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡canons¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡Maguelonne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡¡¡by£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revenues¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡
chapela¡¡job¡¡of¡¡nepotism¡¡which¡¡was¡¡mon¡¡enough¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡
his¡¡¡¡¡¡heart¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡medicine¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡off£»¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡¡¡¡¡boy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
Paris¡¡to¡¡study¡¡there£»¡¡and¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡age¡¡of¡¡eighteen£»¡¡to¡¡
study¡¡again¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡next¡¡¡¡¡¡year£»¡¡¡¡¡¡1530£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡scholar¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡appointed¡¡
procurator¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡scholarsa¡¡¡¡¡¡post¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡fee¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡
each¡¡matriculationand¡¡that¡¡year¡¡he¡¡took¡¡a¡¡fee£»¡¡among¡¡others£»¡¡from¡¡one¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡most¡¡remarkable¡¡men¡¡of¡¡that¡¡or¡¡of¡¡any¡¡age£»¡¡Francois¡¡Rabelais¡¡himself¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡what¡¡shall¡¡I¡¡say¡¡of¡¡him£¿who¡¡stands¡¡alone£»¡¡like¡¡Shakespeare£»¡¡in¡¡
his¡¡generation£»¡¡possessed¡¡of¡¡colossal¡¡learningof¡¡all¡¡science¡¡which¡¡could¡¡
be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gathered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡daysof¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡practical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡statesmanlike¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wisdomof¡¡
knowledge¡¡of¡¡languages£»¡¡ancient¡¡and¡¡modern£»¡¡beyond¡¡all¡¡his¡¡peersof¡¡
eloquence£»¡¡which¡¡when¡¡he¡¡speaks¡¡of¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡noble¡¡things¡¡bees¡¡heroic£»¡¡
and£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡inspiredof¡¡scorn¡¡for¡¡meanness£»¡¡hypocrisy£»¡¡ignoranceof¡¡
esteem£»¡¡¡¡¡¡genuine¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡earnest£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Holy¡¡¡¡¡¡Scriptures£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡
moderate¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Reformers¡¡who¡¡were¡¡spreading¡¡the¡¡Scriptures¡¡in¡¡Europe£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡light¡¡¡¡¡¡wilfully¡¡¡¡¡¡hidden£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡bushel£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
dunghill¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡somewhat¡¡like¡¡Socrates¡¡in¡¡face£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡character¡¡likewise£»¡¡
in¡¡him£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Socrates£»¡¡the¡¡demigod¡¡and¡¡the¡¡satyr£»¡¡the¡¡man¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ape£»¡¡are¡¡
struggling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mastery¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡Socrates£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conquers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
es¡¡forth¡¡high¡¡and¡¡pure£»¡¡in¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡alas£¡¡¡the¡¡victor¡¡is¡¡the¡¡ape£»¡¡while¡¡
the¡¡man¡¡himself¡¡sinks¡¡down¡¡in¡¡cynicism£»¡¡sensuality£»¡¡practical¡¡jokes£»¡¡foul¡¡
talk¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡returns¡¡to¡¡Paris£»¡¡to¡¡live¡¡an¡¡idle£»¡¡luxurious¡¡life£»¡¡to¡¡diesays¡¡the¡¡
legendsaying£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡seek¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡leave¡¡¡¡behind¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡
little¡¡¡¡¡¡save¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Pantagruelistscareless¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡
ideal¡¡was¡¡to¡¡laugh¡¡at¡¡everything£»¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡in¡¡nothing£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡gratify¡¡their¡¡
five¡¡¡¡¡¡senses¡¡like¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡brutes¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡perish¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
books¡¡to¡¡make¡¡them¡¡laugh£»¡¡the¡¡wise¡¡man£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡reads¡¡them£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡far¡¡
more¡¡¡¡¡¡inclined¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡weep¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡words¡¡
remember£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡him£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡the¡¡ape¡¡and¡¡the¡¡man¡¡are¡¡struggling¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡59¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡60¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
for¡¡the¡¡mastery¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡him¡¡take¡¡warning¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fate¡¡of¡¡one¡¡who¡¡was¡¡to¡¡him¡¡
as¡¡a¡¡giant¡¡to¡¡a¡¡pigmy£»¡¡and¡¡think¡¡of¡¡Tennyson's¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Arise£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fly¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡reeling¡¡¡¡¡¡faun£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sensual¡¡¡¡¡¡feast£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Strive¡¡¡¡¡¡upwards£»¡¡
working¡¡out¡¡the¡¡beast£»¡¡And¡¡let¡¡the¡¡ape¡¡and¡¡tiger¡¡die¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡return¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡a¡¡
brilliant¡¡meteor£»¡¡flashed¡¡this¡¡wonderful¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1530¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡
fled£»¡¡some¡¡say£»¡¡for¡¡his¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Like¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡no¡¡mind¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡martyr£»¡¡
and¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡terrified¡¡at¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡poor¡¡Louis¡¡de¡¡Berquin£»¡¡his¡¡
friend£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡friend¡¡of¡¡Erasmus¡¡likewise¡£¡¡This¡¡Louis¡¡de¡¡Berquin£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡
well¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡days£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡gallant¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleman¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡scholar£»¡¡
holding¡¡a¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡court¡¡of¡¡Francis¡¡I¡££»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡translated¡¡into¡¡French¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Luther£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Melancthon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡asserted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
was¡¡heretical¡¡to¡¡invoke¡¡the¡¡Virgin¡¡Mary¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Spirit£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡
call¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Hope¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Life£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡titlesBerquin¡¡¡¡¡¡averredbelonged¡¡
alone¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Twice¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Sorbonne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡terrible¡¡
persecutor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Noel¡¡¡¡¡¡Beda£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡head£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seized¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡Berquin£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡tried¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
burn¡¡his¡¡books¡¡and¡¡him£»¡¡twice¡¡had¡¡that¡¡angel¡¡in¡¡human¡¡form£»¡¡Marguerite¡¡
d'Angouleme£»¡¡sister¡¡of¡¡Francis¡¡I¡££»¡¡saved¡¡him¡¡from¡¡their¡¡clutches£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡
Francistaken¡¡¡¡¡¡prisoner¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡battle¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Pavia¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡returned¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
captivity¡¡in¡¡Spain£»¡¡the¡¡suppression¡¡of¡¡heresy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡burning¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡heretics¡¡
seemed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡mother£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Louise¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Savoy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡thank¡offering¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡
acceptable¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Louis¡¡¡¡¡¡Berquinwho¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡spite¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
entreaties¡¡of¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡purchase¡¡his¡¡life¡¡by¡¡silencewas¡¡burnt¡¡at¡¡last¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
Place¡¡de¡¡Greve£»¡¡being¡¡first¡¡strangled£»¡¡because¡¡he¡¡was¡¡of¡¡gentle¡¡blood¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡¡¡¡¡¡received¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡famous¡¡¡¡¡¡guest¡¡¡¡¡¡joyfully¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabelais¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡
forty¡two¡¡years¡¡old£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡distinguished¡¡savant£»¡¡so¡¡they¡¡excused¡¡him¡¡his¡¡
three¡¡years'¡¡undergraduate's¡¡career£»¡¡and¡¡invested¡¡him¡¡at¡¡once¡¡with¡¡the¡¡red¡¡
gown¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bachelors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡red¡¡gownor£»¡¡rather£»¡¡the¡¡ragged¡¡phantom¡¡of¡¡
itis¡¡still¡¡shown¡¡at¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡and¡¡must¡¡be¡¡worn¡¡by¡¡each¡¡bachelor¡¡when¡¡
he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡takes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡degree¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Unfortunately£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡antiquarians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡assure¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
precious¡¡garment¡¡has¡¡been¡¡renewed¡¡again¡¡and¡¡againthe¡¡students¡¡having¡¡
clipped¡¡bits¡¡of¡¡it¡¡away¡¡¡¡for¡¡relics£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡clipped¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡earnestly¡¡¡¡from¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡60¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡61¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
gowns¡¡as¡¡their¡¡predecessors¡¡had¡¡done¡¡from¡¡the¡¡authentic¡¡original¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Doubtless£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ing¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡lecture¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Aphorisms¡¡of¡¡Hippocrates£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Ars¡¡Parva¡¡of¡¡Galen£»¡¡not¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Latin¡¡
translations¡¡then¡¡in¡¡use£»¡¡but¡¡from¡¡original¡¡Greek¡¡texts£»¡¡with¡¡ments¡¡and¡¡
corrections¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own£»¡¡must¡¡have¡¡had¡¡a¡¡great¡¡influence¡¡on¡¡the¡¡minds¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡Montpellier¡¡students£»¡¡and¡¡still¡¡more¡¡influence¡¡and¡¡that¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡
a¡¡good¡¡onemust¡¡Rabelais's¡¡lighter¡¡talk¡¡have¡¡had£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡loungedso¡¡the¡¡
story¡¡goesin¡¡his¡¡dressing¡gown¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡public¡¡place£»¡¡picking¡¡up¡¡quaint¡¡
stories¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡cattle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡drivers¡¡¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Cevennes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡villagers¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡
came¡¡in¡¡to¡¡sell¡¡their¡¡olives¡¡and¡¡their¡¡grapes£»¡¡their¡¡vinegar¡¡and¡¡their¡¡vine¡¡¡
twig¡¡faggots£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡do¡¡unto¡¡this¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡him¡¡may¡¡be¡¡owing¡¡much¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
sound¡¡respect¡¡for¡¡natural¡¡science£»¡¡and¡¡much£»¡¡too£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡contempt¡¡for¡¡the¡¡
superstition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡around¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡notable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡group¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡
naturalists¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡boys¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡day¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabelais¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
have¡¡liked¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡wonder£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡was¡¡a¡¡cheery£»¡¡lovable£»¡¡honest¡¡
little¡¡fellow£»¡¡very¡¡fond¡¡of¡¡jokes£»¡¡a¡¡great¡¡musician¡¡and¡¡player¡¡on¡¡the¡¡violin£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡grew¡¡¡¡¡¡rich£»¡¡¡¡¡¡liked¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡bring¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
house¡¡any¡¡buffoon¡¡or¡¡strolling¡¡¡player¡¡to¡¡make¡¡fun¡¡for¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vivacious¡¡he¡¡
was£»¡¡hot¡tempered£»¡¡forgiving£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡a¡¡power¡¡of¡¡learning¡¡and¡¡a¡¡power¡¡of¡¡
work¡¡which¡¡were¡¡prodigious£»¡¡even¡¡in¡¡those¡¡hard¡working¡¡days¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rabelais¡¡
chaffs¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡Rondibilis£»¡¡for£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡Rondelet¡¡grew¡¡
up¡¡into¡¡a¡¡very¡¡round£»¡¡fat£»¡¡little¡¡man£»¡¡but¡¡Rabelais¡¡puts¡¡excellent¡¡sense¡¡into¡¡
his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mouth£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cynical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enough£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡cynical£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡learned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
humorous£»¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡laughs¡¡at¡¡him¡¡for¡¡being¡¡shocked¡¡at¡¡the¡¡offer¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fee£»¡¡
and¡¡taking¡¡it£»¡¡nevertheless£»¡¡kindly¡¡enough£»¡¡Rondelet¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡first¡¡doctor¡¡
who¡¡has¡¡done¡¡that£»¡¡neither¡¡will¡¡he¡¡be¡¡the¡¡last¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡turn£»¡¡put¡¡on¡¡the¡¡red¡¡robe¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bachelor£»¡¡and¡¡received£»¡¡
on¡¡taking¡¡his¡¡degree£»¡¡his¡¡due¡¡share¡¡of¡¡fisticuffs¡¡from¡¡his¡¡dearest¡¡friends£»¡¡
according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡custom¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡University¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡
then¡¡went¡¡off¡¡to¡¡practise¡¡medicine¡¡in¡¡a¡¡village¡¡at¡¡the¡¡foot¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Alps£»¡¡and£»¡¡
half¡starved£»¡¡to¡¡teach¡¡little¡¡children¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡he¡¡found¡¡he¡¡must¡¡learn¡¡Greek£»¡¡
went¡¡off¡¡to¡¡Paris¡¡a¡¡second¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡alleviated¡¡his¡¡poverty¡¡there¡¡somewhat¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡61¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡62¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
by¡¡being¡¡tutor¡¡to¡¡a¡¡son¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Viste¡¡de¡¡Turenne¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡he¡¡met¡¡
Gonthier¡¡of¡¡Andernach£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡taught¡¡anatomy¡¡at¡¡Louvain¡¡to¡¡the¡¡great¡¡
Vesalius£»¡¡and¡¡learned¡¡from¡¡him¡¡to¡¡dissect¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡next¡¡find¡¡him¡¡setting¡¡up¡¡as¡¡
a¡¡¡¡¡¡medical¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡amid¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡volcanic¡¡¡¡¡¡hills¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Auvergne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡struggling¡¡
still¡¡with¡¡poverty£»¡¡like¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡like¡¡George¡¡Buchanan£»¡¡like¡¡almost¡¡every¡¡
great¡¡scholar¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days£»¡¡for¡¡students¡¡then¡¡had¡¡to¡¡wander¡¡from¡¡place¡¡to¡¡
place£»¡¡generally¡¡on¡¡foot£»¡¡in¡¡search¡¡of¡¡new¡¡teachers£»¡¡in¡¡search¡¡of¡¡books£»¡¡in¡¡
search¡¡of¡¡the¡¡necessaries¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡undergoing¡¡such¡¡an¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡bodily¡¡and¡¡
mental¡¡toil¡¡as¡¡makes¡¡it¡¡wonderful¡¡that¡¡all¡¡of¡¡them¡¡did¡¡notas¡¡some¡¡of¡¡them¡¡
doubtless¡¡diddie¡¡under¡¡the¡¡hard¡¡training£»¡¡or£»¡¡at¡¡best£»¡¡desert¡¡the¡¡penurious¡¡
Muses¡¡for¡¡the¡¡paternal¡¡shop¡¡or¡¡plough¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet¡¡got¡¡his¡¡doctorate¡¡in¡¡1537£»¡¡and¡¡next¡¡year¡¡fell¡¡in¡¡love¡¡with¡¡and¡¡
married¡¡a¡¡beautiful¡¡young¡¡girl¡¡called¡¡Jeanne¡¡Sandre£»¡¡who¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡
been¡¡as¡¡poor¡¡as¡¡he¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡he¡¡had¡¡gained£»¡¡meanwhile£»¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡patron£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡patronage¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡great¡¡was¡¡then¡¡as¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡men¡¡of¡¡letters¡¡as¡¡the¡¡patronage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
public¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Guillaume¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pellicier£»¡¡¡¡Bishop¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Maguelonneor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡
then¡¡of¡¡Montpellier¡¡itself£»¡¡whither¡¡he¡¡had¡¡persuaded¡¡Paul¡¡II¡£¡¡to¡¡transfer¡¡the¡¡
ancient¡¡seewas¡¡a¡¡model¡¡of¡¡the¡¡literary¡¡gentleman¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sixteenth¡¡century£»¡¡
a¡¡savant£»¡¡a¡¡diplomat£»¡¡a¡¡collector¡¡of¡¡books¡¡and¡¡manuscripts£»¡¡Greek£»¡¡Hebrew£»¡¡
and¡¡Syriac£»¡¡which¡¡formed¡¡the¡¡original¡¡nucleus¡¡of¡¡the¡¡present¡¡library¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Louvre£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡botanist£»¡¡¡¡¡¡too£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡loved¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡wander¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet¡¡¡¡¡¡collecting¡¡
plants¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡flowers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡retired¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡public¡¡life¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡peace¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡scienc
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԴ´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡