ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ20²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡



watches¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡lesser¡¡¡¡¡¡deity¡¡¡¡¡¡struggling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡death¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡73¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡74¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



intensity¡¡of¡¡which¡¡we£»¡¡in¡¡these¡¡less¡¡loyal¡¡days£»¡¡can¡¡form¡¡no¡¡notion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡

would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡glad¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡glimpse¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡passed¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡mind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡

subtle¡¡and¡¡so¡¡ruthless£»¡¡so¡¡disciplined¡¡and¡¡so¡¡loyal¡¡withal£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡Alva¡¡was¡¡

a¡¡man¡¡who¡¡was¡¡not¡¡given¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡his¡¡mind£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡act¡¡it¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡would¡¡wish£»¡¡too£»¡¡for¡¡a¡¡glimpse¡¡of¡¡what¡¡was¡¡passing¡¡through¡¡the¡¡

mind¡¡of¡¡another¡¡man£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡been¡¡daily¡¡in¡¡that¡¡sick¡¡chamber£»¡¡according¡¡

to¡¡Olivarez's¡¡statement£»¡¡since¡¡the¡¡first¡¡of¡¡the¡¡month£º¡¡but¡¡he¡¡is¡¡one¡¡who¡¡has¡¡

had£»¡¡for¡¡some¡¡years¡¡past£»¡¡even¡¡more¡¡reason¡¡than¡¡Alva¡¡for¡¡not¡¡speaking¡¡his¡¡

mind¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡looked¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡well£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡Titian¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡painted¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡lifea¡¡tall£»¡¡bold£»¡¡well¡­¡¡dressed¡¡man£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡noble¡¡brain£»¡¡square¡¡

and¡¡yet¡¡lofty£»¡¡short¡¡curling¡¡locks¡¡and¡¡beard£»¡¡an¡¡eye¡¡which¡¡looks¡¡as¡¡though¡¡

it¡¡feared¡¡neither¡¡man¡¡nor¡¡fiendand¡¡it¡¡has¡¡had¡¡good¡¡reason¡¡to¡¡fear¡¡both¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡features¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡exceeding¡¡¡¡¡¡handsome£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡defiant¡¡

snub¡­nose¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡Andreas¡¡Vesalius£»¡¡of¡¡Brussels£»¡¡dreaded¡¡and¡¡hated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡

doctors¡¡of¡¡the¡¡old¡¡schoolsuspect£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡inquisitors¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡theologians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡possibly¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Alva¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡dared¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡dissect¡¡

human¡¡bodies£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡insulted¡¡the¡¡mediaevalists¡¡at¡¡Paris£»¡¡Padua£»¡¡Bologna£»¡¡

Pisa£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Venice£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡¡¡¡¡theatre£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡heads¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡

surgeons¡¡in¡¡Italy¡¡and¡¡France£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡written¡¡a¡¡great¡¡book£»¡¡with¡¡prints¡¡in¡¡it£»¡¡

designed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡Titianthey¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡actually¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡done¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡

Netherlander£»¡¡John¡¡of¡¡Calcar£»¡¡near¡¡Clevesin¡¡which¡¡he¡¡has¡¡dared¡¡to¡¡prove¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Galen's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡anatomy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡fault¡¡¡¡¡¡throughout£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡

describing¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡monkey's¡¡¡¡¡¡inside¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡pretended¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡describing¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

man's£»¡¡and¡¡thus£»¡¡by¡¡impudence¡¡and¡¡quackery£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡wormed¡¡himselfthis¡¡

Netherlander£»¡¡a¡¡heretic¡¡at¡¡heart£»¡¡as¡¡all¡¡Netherlanders¡¡are£»¡¡to¡¡God¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡Galeninto¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡confidence¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡late¡¡¡¡¡¡Emperor¡¡¡¡¡¡Charles¡¡¡¡¡¡V¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gone¡¡

campaigning¡¡with¡¡him¡¡as¡¡one¡¡of¡¡his¡¡physicians£»¡¡anatomising¡¡human¡¡bodies¡¡

even¡¡on¡¡the¡¡battle¡­field£»¡¡and¡¡defacing¡¡the¡¡likeness¡¡of¡¡Deity£»¡¡and¡¡worse¡¡than¡¡

that£»¡¡the¡¡most¡¡religious¡¡King¡¡Philip¡¡is¡¡deceived¡¡by¡¡him¡¡likewise£»¡¡and¡¡keeps¡¡

him¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Madrid¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡wealth¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡honour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡now£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡prince's¡¡¡¡¡¡extreme¡¡

danger£»¡¡the¡¡king¡¡has¡¡actually¡¡sent¡¡for¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡bidden¡¡him¡¡try¡¡his¡¡skilla¡¡

man¡¡who¡¡knows¡¡nothing¡¡save¡¡about¡¡bones¡¡and¡¡muscles¡¡and¡¡the¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡74¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡75¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



the¡¡body£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡unworthy¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡a¡¡true¡¡physician¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conceive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rage¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pedants¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Netherlander's¡¡¡¡¡¡appearance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡followed£»¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

believe¡¡¡¡¡¡Hugo¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Bloet¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Delft£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡countryman¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡contemporary¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£û10£ý¡¡

Vesalius£»¡¡he¡¡says£»¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡the¡¡surgeons¡¡had¡¡bound¡¡up¡¡the¡¡wound¡¡so¡¡tight¡¡

that¡¡an¡¡abscess¡¡had¡¡formed¡¡outside¡¡the¡¡skull£»¡¡which¡¡could¡¡not¡¡break£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

asserted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡hope¡¡¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡opening¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Philip¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡

given¡¡leave£»¡¡¡¨by¡¡two¡¡cross¡­cuts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡the¡¡lad¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡himself£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡

awakened¡¡from¡¡a¡¡profound¡¡sleep£»¡¡affirming¡¡that¡¡he¡¡owed¡¡his¡¡restoration¡¡to¡¡

life¡¡to¡¡the¡¡German¡¡doctor¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dionysius¡¡Daza£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡there¡¡with¡¡the¡¡other¡¡physicians¡¡and¡¡surgeons£»¡¡

tells¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡different¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡story£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡learned£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡famous£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡rare¡¡¡¡¡¡Baron¡¡

Vesalius£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡advised¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡skull¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡trepanned£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

advice¡¡was¡¡not¡¡followed¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Olivarez's¡¡¡¡¡¡account¡¡¡¡¡¡agrees¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Daza¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡opened¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

wounds£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡skull¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡

insisted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡injury¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡¡¡inside¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡skull£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡pierce¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡

Olivarez¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡spends¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡labour¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡proving¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨no¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

foundation¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡opinion£º¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡confesses¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡changed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡last£»¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡

Then¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡6th£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Bachelor¡¡¡¡¡¡Torres¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡Madrid£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

advised¡¡that¡¡the¡¡skull¡¡should¡¡be¡¡laid¡¡bare¡¡once¡¡more£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡the¡¡7th£»¡¡there¡¡

being¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡skull¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡injured£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡operation¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡

performedby¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡saidbut¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡result£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or£»¡¡

according¡¡to¡¡Olivarez£»¡¡any¡¡discovery£»¡¡save¡¡that¡¡Vesalius¡¡was¡¡wrong£»¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡skull¡¡uninjured¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whether¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡second¡¡¡¡¡¡operation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡7th¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡May¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡performed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

Vesalius£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Bloet¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡speaks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡¡

question¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Olivarez's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡relation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡apologetic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡justify¡¡

himself¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡¡¡¡¡colleagues£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡prove¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

wrong¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Public¡¡opinion£»¡¡he¡¡confesses£»¡¡had¡¡been¡¡very¡¡fierce¡¡against¡¡him¡£¡¡

The¡¡¡¡¡¡credit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡¡¡¡¡medicine¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡stake£º¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡bound¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡75¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡76¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



believe¡¡implicitly¡¡a¡¡paper¡¡drawn¡¡up¡¡under¡¡such¡¡circumstances¡¡for¡¡Philip's¡¡

eye¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This£»¡¡at¡¡least£»¡¡we¡¡gather£º¡¡that¡¡Don¡¡Carlos¡¡was¡¡never¡¡trepanned£»¡¡as¡¡is¡¡

monly¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡¡¡also£»¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡whichever¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡stories¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡true£»¡¡

equally¡¡puts¡¡Vesalius¡¡into¡¡direct£»¡¡and¡¡most¡¡unpleasant£»¡¡antagonism¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

Spanish¡¡doctors¡£¡¡£û11£ý¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡Don¡¡Carlos¡¡still¡¡lay¡¡senseless£»¡¡and¡¡yielding¡¡to¡¡popular¡¡clamour£»¡¡the¡¡

doctors¡¡called¡¡in¡¡the¡¡aid¡¡of¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡Moorish¡¡doctor£»¡¡from¡¡Valencia£»¡¡named¡¡

Priotarete£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unguents£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reported£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡achieved¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡

miraculous¡¡¡¡¡¡cures¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡unguent£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡horror¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors£»¡¡

burned¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡skull¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡bone¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡black¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡colour¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡ink£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

Olivarez¡¡declares¡¡he¡¡believes¡¡it¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡a¡¡preparation¡¡of¡¡pure¡¡caustic¡£¡¡

On¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡9th¡¡of¡¡May£»¡¡the¡¡Moor¡¡and¡¡his¡¡unguents¡¡were¡¡sent¡¡

away£»¡¡¡¨and¡¡went¡¡to¡¡Madrid£»¡¡to¡¡send¡¡to¡¡heaven¡¡Hernando¡¡de¡¡Vega£»¡¡while¡¡

the¡¡prince¡¡went¡¡back¡¡to¡¡our¡¡method¡¡of¡¡cure¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Considering¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡happened¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡morning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡10th¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡May£»¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡

should¡¡now¡¡presume¡¡that¡¡the¡¡second¡¡opening¡¡of¡¡the¡¡abscess£»¡¡whether¡¡by¡¡

Vesalius¡¡or¡¡someone¡¡else£»¡¡relieved¡¡the¡¡pressure¡¡on¡¡the¡¡brain£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡critical¡¡

period¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡exhaustion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡followed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡prolonged¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Moor's¡¡

premature¡¡caustic£»¡¡which¡¡stopped¡¡the¡¡suppuration£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡that¡¡God's¡¡good¡¡

handiwork£»¡¡called¡¡nature£»¡¡triumphed¡¡at¡¡last£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡therefore¡¡it¡¡came¡¡to¡¡

pass¡¡that¡¡the¡¡prince¡¡was¡¡out¡¡of¡¡danger¡¡within¡¡three¡¡days¡¡of¡¡the¡¡operation¡£¡¡

But¡¡he¡¡was¡¡taught£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡seems£»¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡attribute¡¡his¡¡recovery¡¡¡¡to¡¡a¡¡very¡¡¡¡different¡¡

source¡¡from¡¡that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡German¡¡knife¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡on¡¡the¡¡morning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡9th£»¡¡when¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Moor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gone£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Don¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Carlos¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡¡¡seemingly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lifeless£»¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡

descended¡¡into¡¡his¡¡chamber¡¡a¡¡Deus¡¡e¡¡machina£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡pantheon¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡greater¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡lesser¡¡¡¡¡¡deities£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡effect¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡medical¡¡¡¡¡¡skill¡¡

seemed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡effected¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Philip¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sent¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡prince's¡¡¡¡¡¡chamber¡¡

several¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡precious¡¡¡¡¡¡relics¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡¡¡¡¡carried¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡

The¡¡miraculous¡¡image¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Virgin¡¡of¡¡Atocha£»¡¡in¡¡embroidering¡¡garments¡¡

for¡¡whom£»¡¡Spanish¡¡royalty£»¡¡male¡¡and¡¡female£»¡¡has¡¡spent¡¡so¡¡many¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡

ere¡¡now£»¡¡was¡¡brought¡¡in¡¡solemn¡¡procession¡¡and¡¡placed¡¡on¡¡an¡¡altar¡¡at¡¡the¡¡

foot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡prince's¡¡¡¡¡¡bed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡afternoon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡entered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡76¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡77¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



procession¡¡likewise£»¡¡a¡¡shrine¡¡containing¡¡the¡¡bones¡¡of¡¡a¡¡holy¡¡anchorite£»¡¡one¡¡

Fray¡¡Diego£»¡¡¡¨whose¡¡life¡¡and¡¡miracles£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡Olivarez£»¡¡¡¨are¡¡so¡¡notorious£º¡¨¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡bones¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡¡¡Justus¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡¡¡Pastor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡tutelar¡¡¡¡¡¡saints¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

university¡¡of¡¡Alcala¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Amid¡¡solemn¡¡litanies¡¡the¡¡relics¡¡of¡¡Fray¡¡Diego¡¡were¡¡

laid¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡prince's¡¡pillow£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡sudarium£»¡¡or¡¡mortuary¡¡cloth£»¡¡which¡¡

had¡¡covered¡¡his¡¡face£»¡¡was¡¡placed¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡prince's¡¡forehead¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Modern¡¡science¡¡might¡¡object¡¡that¡¡the¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡so¡¡many¡¡personages£»¡¡

however¡¡¡¡¡¡pious¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡intentioned£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡sick¡¡¡¡¡¡chamber¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡hot¡¡¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡

May¡¡day£»¡¡especially¡¡as¡¡the¡¡bath¡¡had¡¡been£»¡¡for¡¡some¡¡generations¡¡past£»¡¡held¡¡

in¡¡religious¡¡horror¡¡throughout¡¡Spain£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sign¡¡of¡¡Moorish¡¡and¡¡Mussulman¡¡

tendencies£»¡¡might¡¡have¡¡somewhat¡¡interfered¡¡with¡¡the¡¡chances¡¡of¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡

boy's¡¡¡¡¡¡recovery¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Nevertheless¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡event¡¡¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡satisfied¡¡¡¡¡¡Philip's¡¡

highest¡¡hopes£»¡¡for¡¡that¡¡same¡¡night¡¡£¨so¡¡Don¡¡Carlos¡¡afterwards¡¡related£©¡¡the¡¡

holy¡¡¡¡¡¡monk¡¡¡¡¡¡Diego¡¡¡¡¡¡appeared¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡vision£»¡¡¡¡¡¡wearing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡habit¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡

Francis£»¡¡and¡¡bearing¡¡in¡¡his¡¡hand¡¡a¡¡cross¡¡of¡¡reeds¡¡tied¡¡with¡¡a¡¡green¡¡band¡£¡¡

The¡¡prince¡¡stated¡¡that¡¡he¡¡first¡¡took¡¡the¡¡apparition¡¡to¡¡be¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡blessed¡¡

St¡£¡¡Francis£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡seeing¡¡the¡¡stigmata£»¡¡he¡¡exclaimed£»¡¡¡¨How£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Dost¡¡thou¡¡

not¡¡bear¡¡the¡¡marks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wounds£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Wha
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡