ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ22²¿·Ö
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡
ripe¡¡grapes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡saw£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡the¡¡Spanish¡¡soldiers£»¡¡poisoned¡¡alike¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
sour¡¡fruit¡¡and¡¡by¡¡the¡¡blazing¡¡sun£»¡¡falling¡¡in¡¡hundreds¡¡along¡¡the¡¡white¡¡roads¡¡
which¡¡led¡¡back¡¡into¡¡Savoy£»¡¡murdered¡¡by¡¡the¡¡peasantry¡¡whose¡¡homesteads¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡destroyed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stifled¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡weight¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡armour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
desperately¡¡¡¡¡¡putting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hands£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡world¡¡
which¡¡had¡¡bee¡¡intolerable¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Half¡¡the¡¡army¡¡perished¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Two¡¡thousand¡¡
corpses¡¡¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡¡¡festering¡¡¡¡¡¡between¡¡Aix¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Frejus¡¡¡¡¡¡alone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡
needed¡¡¡¨subjects£»¡¨¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ambition¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡crime¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡for¡¡
him¡¡in¡¡those¡¡blazing¡¡September¡¡days¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Italy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡remnants¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡army¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Where¡¡
could¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡wished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡find¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
country¡¡where¡¡the¡¡human¡¡mind¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡growing¡¡young¡¡once¡¡more£»¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡revived¡¡¡¡¡¡arts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡revived¡¡¡¡¡¡sciences£»¡¡¡¡¡¡learning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡languages£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
though£»¡¡alas£¡¡¡only¡¡for¡¡awhile¡¡of¡¡revived¡¡free¡¡thought£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡Europe¡¡had¡¡
not¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡¡¡since¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡palmy¡¡¡¡¡¡days¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Greece¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Here¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
appreciated£»¡¡here¡¡at¡¡least¡¡he¡¡would¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡think¡¡and¡¡speak£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
he¡¡was¡¡appreciated¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Italian¡¡cities£»¡¡who¡¡were¡¡then£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡Athenians¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old£»¡¡¡¡¡¨spending¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡else¡¡¡¡¡¡save¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡hear¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡tell¡¡
something¡¡¡¡¡¡new£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡weled¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡brave¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡Fleming¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡novelties¡£¡¡
Within¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡professor¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡anatomy¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Padua£»¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡
school¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡then¡¡at¡¡Bologna¡¡and¡¡at¡¡Pisa¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time£»¡¡last¡¡of¡¡
all¡¡at¡¡Venice£»¡¡where¡¡Titian¡¡painted¡¡that¡¡portrait¡¡of¡¡him¡¡which¡¡remains¡¡unto¡¡
this¡¡day¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡continual¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡triumph£»¡¡¡¡¡¡everywhere£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
demonstrated¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡¡¡¡¡body£»¡¡¡¡students¡¡¡¡¡¡crowded¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡theatre£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡hung¡¡
round¡¡him¡¡as¡¡he¡¡walked¡¡the¡¡streets£»¡¡professors¡¡left¡¡their¡¡own¡¡chairstheir¡¡
scholars¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡deserted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡alreadyto¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡listen¡¡¡¡¡¡humbly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
enviously¡¡to¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡could¡¡give¡¡them¡¡what¡¡all¡¡brave¡¡souls¡¡throughout¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡81¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡82¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
half¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡craving¡¡¡¡¡¡for£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡craving¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡vainfacts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡
after¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡year£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡realised¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡scene¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stands¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡engraved¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
frontispiece¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡bookwhere£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡quaint¡¡¡¡Cinquecento¡¡
theatre£»¡¡saucy¡¡scholars£»¡¡reverend¡¡doctors£»¡¡gay¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡cowled¡¡
monks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡crowding¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡floor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡peeping¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡other's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shoulders£»¡¡
hanging¡¡on¡¡the¡¡balustrades£»¡¡while¡¡in¡¡the¡¡centre£»¡¡over¡¡his¡¡¡¨subject¡¨which¡¡
one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cowled¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡monks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡knew¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡wellstands¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡
Vesalius£»¡¡upright£»¡¡proud£»¡¡almost¡¡defiant£»¡¡as¡¡one¡¡who¡¡knows¡¡himself¡¡safe¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡impregnable¡¡¡¡¡¡citadel¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡fact£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡hand¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡blade¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡steel£»¡¡
destinedbecause¡¡wielded¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡obedience¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡laws¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Godto¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡benefit¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡¡¡¡¡race¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
swords¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡drawn¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡days£»¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡other£»¡¡¡¡at¡¡the¡¡
bidding¡¡of¡¡most¡¡Catholic¡¡Emperors¡¡and¡¡most¡¡Christian¡¡Kings¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡were¡¡indeed¡¡days¡¡of¡¡triumph¡¡for¡¡Vesalius£»¡¡of¡¡triumph¡¡deserved£»¡¡
because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡earned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡patient¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡accurate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡toil¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cause£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡
Vesalius£»¡¡being¡¡but¡¡a¡¡mortal¡¡man£»¡¡may¡¡have¡¡contracted¡¡in¡¡those¡¡same¡¡days¡¡
a¡¡temper¡¡of¡¡imperiousness¡¡and¡¡self¡conceit£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡he¡¡showed¡¡afterwards¡¡
when¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡pupil¡¡¡¡¡¡Fallopius¡¡¡¡¡¡dared¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡add¡¡¡¡¡¡fresh¡¡¡¡¡¡discoveries¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
master¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡yet£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡all¡¡Vesalius¡¡knew£»¡¡how¡¡little¡¡he¡¡knew£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡
humbling¡¡to¡¡his¡¡pride¡¡it¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡had¡¡he¡¡known¡¡thenperhaps¡¡he¡¡
does¡¡know¡¡nowthat¡¡he¡¡had¡¡actually¡¡again¡¡and¡¡again¡¡walked£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡
round¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡round¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡theory¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡circulation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡blood£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡
never¡¡seen¡¡it£»¡¡that¡¡that¡¡discovery¡¡which£»¡¡once¡¡made£»¡¡is¡¡intelligible£»¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡
any¡¡¡¡¡¡phenomenon¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡intelligible£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡merest¡¡¡¡¡¡peasant£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡reserved¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
another¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡century£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡Englishmen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡
would¡¡have¡¡looked¡¡as¡¡semi¡barbarians¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡make¡¡a¡¡long¡¡story¡¡short£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡years¡¡after¡¡the¡¡publication¡¡of¡¡his¡¡
famous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡book£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨De¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Corporis¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Humani¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Fabrica£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡Venice¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡cure¡¡
Charles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡V¡££»¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Regensburg£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡became¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Emperor's¡¡
physicians¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡crisis¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius's¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡medicine¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
had¡¡worked¡¡the¡¡cure¡¡was¡¡ChinaSarsaparilla£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡call¡¡it¡¡now¡¡brought¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡82¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡83¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
home¡¡from¡¡the¡¡then¡¡newly¡discovered¡¡banks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Paraguay¡¡and¡¡Uruguay£»¡¡
where¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡beds¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡tangled¡¡¡¡¡¡vine£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¡tinge¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡clear¡¡¡¡¡¡waters¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡dark¡¡¡
brown¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡peat£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡convert¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡streams¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡healthful¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
pleasant¡¡tonic¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡virtues¡¡of¡¡this¡¡China¡¡£¨then¡¡supposed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡root£©¡¡
Vesalius¡¡wrote¡¡a¡¡famous¡¡little¡¡book£»¡¡into¡¡which¡¡he¡¡contrived¡¡to¡¡interweave¡¡
his¡¡opinions¡¡on¡¡things¡¡in¡¡general£»¡¡as¡¡good¡¡Bishop¡¡Berkeley¡¡did¡¡afterwards¡¡
into¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡essay¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡virtues¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡tar¡water¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Into¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡book£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡
Vesalius¡¡introducedas¡¡Bishop¡¡Berkeley¡¡did¡¡notmuch£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡too¡¡
much£»¡¡about¡¡himself£»¡¡and¡¡much£»¡¡though¡¡perhaps¡¡not¡¡too¡¡much£»¡¡about¡¡poor¡¡
old¡¡Galen£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡substitution¡¡of¡¡an¡¡ape's¡¡inside¡¡for¡¡that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡human¡¡being¡£¡¡
The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡storm¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡gathering¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡burst¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡
school£»¡¡trembling¡¡for¡¡their¡¡time¡honoured¡¡reign£»¡¡bespattered£»¡¡with¡¡all¡¡that¡¡
pedantry£»¡¡ignorance£»¡¡and¡¡envy¡¡could¡¡suggest£»¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡dared¡¡not¡¡only¡¡
to¡¡revolutionise¡¡surgery£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡interfere¡¡with¡¡the¡¡privileged¡¡mysteries¡¡of¡¡
medicine£»¡¡and£»¡¡over¡¡and¡¡above£»¡¡to¡¡bee¡¡a¡¡greater¡¡favourite¡¡at¡¡the¡¡court¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡of¡¡monarchs¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡While¡¡such¡¡as¡¡Eustachius£»¡¡himself¡¡an¡¡able¡¡
discoverer£»¡¡could¡¡join¡¡in¡¡the¡¡cry£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡wonder¡¡if¡¡a¡¡lower¡¡soul£»¡¡like¡¡that¡¡of¡¡
Sylvius£»¡¡¡¡¡¡led¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡open¡mouthed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡mean£»¡¡¡¡¡¡covetous£»¡¡¡¡¡¡bad¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡
George¡¡¡¡¡¡Bachanan¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡knew£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡nature£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡wrote¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
furious¡¡book¡¡¡¨Ad¡¡Vesani¡¡calumnias¡¡depulsandas¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡punning¡¡change¡¡
of¡¡Vesalius¡¡into¡¡Vesanus¡¡£¨madman£©¡¡was¡¡but¡¡a¡¡fair¡¡and¡¡gentle¡¡stroke¡¡for¡¡a¡¡
polemic£»¡¡in¡¡days¡¡in¡¡which¡¡those¡¡who¡¡could¡¡not¡¡kill¡¡their¡¡enemies¡¡with¡¡steel¡¡
or¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡powder£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡justified¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡possible£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
vituperation£»¡¡calumny£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡engine¡¡of¡¡moral¡¡torture¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡a¡¡far¡¡more¡¡
terrible¡¡¡¡¡¡weapon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡¡¡¡¡rage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
once¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡tremble£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡charge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡impiety¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡heresy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡
Inquisition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡ugly¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡easy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡get¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡
especially¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡Netherlander£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡easy¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡get¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Indeed¡¡
Vesalius¡¡must¡¡have¡¡trembled£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡saw¡¡his¡¡master£»¡¡Charles¡¡V¡££»¡¡himself¡¡
take¡¡¡¡¡¡fright£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡actually¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡theologians¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Salamanca¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡decide¡¡
whether¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡lawful¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡dissect¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡¡¡¡¡body¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡monks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
honour£»¡¡used¡¡their¡¡mon¡¡sense£»¡¡and¡¡answered¡¡Yes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡deed¡¡was¡¡so¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡83¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡84¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
plainly¡¡useful¡¡that¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡lawful¡¡likewise¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡Vesalius¡¡did¡¡not¡¡feel¡¡
that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡triumphed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡dreaded£»¡¡possibly£»¡¡lest¡¡the¡¡storm¡¡should¡¡only¡¡
have¡¡blown¡¡over¡¡¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡fell£»¡¡possibly£»¡¡into¡¡hasty¡¡disgust¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
folly¡¡of¡¡mankind£»¡¡and¡¡despair¡¡of¡¡arousing¡¡them¡¡to¡¡use¡¡their¡¡mon¡¡sense£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡acknowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡interest¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡benefactors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡
events£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡threw¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡saidall¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡unpublished¡¡
manuscripts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡records¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡observation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡renounced¡¡
science¡¡thenceforth¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡hear¡¡of¡¡him¡¡after¡¡this¡¡at¡¡Brussels£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡Basle¡¡likewisein¡¡which¡¡
latter¡¡city£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡pany¡¡of¡¡physicians£»¡¡naturalists£»¡¡and¡¡Grecians£»¡¡he¡¡must¡¡
have¡¡breathed¡¡awhile¡¡a¡¡freer¡¡air¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡he¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡returned¡¡thence¡¡to¡¡
his¡¡old¡¡master¡¡Charles¡¡V¡££»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡have¡¡finally¡¡settled¡¡at¡¡Madrid¡¡as¡¡a¡¡court¡¡
surgeon¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Philip¡¡¡¡¡¡II¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡sent¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡late£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡extract¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lance¡¡
splinters¡¡from¡¡the¡¡eye¡¡of¡¡the¡¡dying¡¡Henry¡¡II¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡married¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡lady¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡rank¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡Brussels£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Anne¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡van¡¡
Hamme¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡name£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡daughter¡¡¡¡¡¡married¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡Philip¡¡¡¡¡¡II¡£'s¡¡¡¡¡¡grand¡¡
falconer£»¡¡who¡¡was¡¡doubtless¡¡a¡¡personage¡¡of¡¡no¡¡small¡¡social¡¡rank¡£¡¡Vesalius¡¡
was¡¡well¡¡off¡¡in¡¡worldly¡¡things£»¡¡somewhat¡¡fond£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡said£»¡¡of¡¡good¡¡living¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡luxury£»¡¡¡¡¡¡inclined£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡be£»¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¨Let¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡eat¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡drink£»¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡
morrow¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡die£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡sink¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡¡¡¡¡worldling£»¡¡
unless¡¡some¡¡shock¡¡should¡¡awake¡¡him¡¡from¡¡his¡¡lethargy¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡the¡¡awakening¡¡shock¡¡did¡¡e¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡After¡¡eight¡¡years¡¡of¡¡court¡¡life£»¡¡
he¡¡resolved£»¡¡early¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1564£»¡¡to¡¡go¡¡on¡¡a¡¡pilgrimage¡¡to¡¡Jerusalem¡£¡¡
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԴ´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡