ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ23²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡



he¡¡resolved£»¡¡early¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1564£»¡¡to¡¡go¡¡on¡¡a¡¡pilgrimage¡¡to¡¡Jerusalem¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡reasons¡¡for¡¡so¡¡strange¡¡a¡¡determination¡¡are¡¡wrapped¡¡in¡¡mystery¡¡and¡¡

contradiction¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡mon¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡opened¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡corpse¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

ascertain¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡horror¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bystanders£»¡¡the¡¡

heart¡¡was¡¡still¡¡seen¡¡to¡¡beat£»¡¡that¡¡his¡¡enemies¡¡accused¡¡him¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Inquisition£»¡¡

and¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡condemned¡¡to¡¡death£»¡¡a¡¡sentence¡¡which¡¡was¡¡muted¡¡to¡¡

that¡¡of¡¡going¡¡on¡¡pilgrimage¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡here£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡very¡¡outset£»¡¡accounts¡¡differ¡£¡¡

One¡¡says¡¡that¡¡the¡¡victim¡¡was¡¡a¡¡nobleman£»¡¡name¡¡not¡¡given£»¡¡another¡¡that¡¡it¡¡

was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡lady's¡¡¡¡¡¡maid£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡improbable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡not¡¡

impossible£»¡¡that¡¡Vesalius£»¡¡of¡¡all¡¡men£»¡¡should¡¡have¡¡mistaken¡¡a¡¡living¡¡body¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡84¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡85¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡dead¡¡¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡probable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡hand£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

medical¡¡enemies¡¡would¡¡gladly¡¡raise¡¡such¡¡a¡¡calumny¡¡against¡¡him£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡

was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Spain¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡contradict¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Meanwhile¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Llorente£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

historian¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Inquisition£»¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡mention¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡

brought¡¡before¡¡its¡¡tribunal£»¡¡while¡¡he¡¡does¡¡mention¡¡Vesalius's¡¡residence¡¡at¡¡

Madrid¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Another¡¡story¡¡is£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡went¡¡abroad¡¡to¡¡escape¡¡the¡¡bad¡¡temper¡¡

of¡¡his¡¡wife£»¡¡another¡¡that¡¡he¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡enrich¡¡himself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Another¡¡storyand¡¡

that¡¡not¡¡an¡¡unlikely¡¡oneis£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡jealous¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rising¡¡reputation¡¡of¡¡

his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pupil¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Fallopius£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡professor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡anatomy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Venice¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡

distinguished¡¡¡¡¡¡surgeon£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡before£»¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡book£»¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

added¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡Vesalius's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡discoveries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡corrected¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡errors¡£¡¡

Vesalius¡¡had¡¡answered¡¡him¡¡hastily¡¡and¡¡angrily£»¡¡quoting¡¡his¡¡anatomy¡¡from¡¡

memory£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡plained£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Spain¡¡¡¡¡¡obtain¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

subject¡¡for¡¡dissection£»¡¡not¡¡even£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡a¡¡single¡¡skull¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡sent¡¡his¡¡

book¡¡to¡¡Venice¡¡to¡¡be¡¡published£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡heard£»¡¡seemingly£»¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡

He¡¡may¡¡have¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡falling¡¡behind¡¡in¡¡the¡¡race¡¡of¡¡science£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡

it¡¡was¡¡impossible¡¡for¡¡him¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡on¡¡his¡¡studies¡¡in¡¡Madrid£»¡¡and¡¡so£»¡¡angry¡¡

with¡¡his¡¡own¡¡laziness¡¡and¡¡luxury£»¡¡he¡¡may¡¡have¡¡felt¡¡the¡¡old¡¡sacred¡¡fire¡¡flash¡¡

up¡¡in¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡have¡¡determined¡¡to¡¡go¡¡to¡¡Italy¡¡and¡¡bee¡¡a¡¡student¡¡and¡¡a¡¡

worker¡¡once¡¡more¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡very¡¡day¡¡that¡¡he¡¡set¡¡out£»¡¡Clusius¡¡of¡¡Arras£»¡¡then¡¡probably¡¡the¡¡best¡¡

botanist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡arrived¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡Madrid£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡asking¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡reason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Vesalius's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡departure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡fellow¡­countryman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Charles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡de¡¡

Tisnacq£»¡¡¡¡¡¡procurator¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡affairs¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Netherlands£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡

gone¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡free¡¡will£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡all¡¡facilities¡¡which¡¡Philip¡¡could¡¡grant¡¡

him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡performance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡vow¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡dangerous¡¡

illness¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Here£»¡¡at¡¡least£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡a¡¡drop¡¡of¡¡information£»¡¡which¡¡seems¡¡taken¡¡

from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡stream¡¡¡¡sufficiently¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡fountain¡­head£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

recollected¡¡that¡¡De¡¡Tisnacq¡¡lived¡¡in¡¡dangerous¡¡times£»¡¡and¡¡may¡¡have¡¡found¡¡

it¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡walk¡¡warily¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡that¡¡through¡¡him¡¡had¡¡been¡¡sent£»¡¡only¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡before£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡famous¡¡¡¡¡¡letter¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡William¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Orange£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Horn£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

Egmont£»¡¡the¡¡fate¡¡whereof¡¡may¡¡be¡¡read¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Motley's¡¡fourth¡¡chapter£»¡¡that¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡85¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡86¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



the¡¡crisis¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Netherlands¡¡which¡¡sprung¡¡out¡¡of¡¡that¡¡letter¡¡was¡¡ing¡¡

fast£»¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡as¡¡De¡¡Tisnacq¡¡was¡¡on¡¡friendly¡¡terms¡¡with¡¡Egmont£»¡¡he¡¡may¡¡

have¡¡felt¡¡his¡¡head¡¡at¡¡times¡¡somewhat¡¡loose¡¡on¡¡his¡¡shoulders£»¡¡especially¡¡if¡¡

he¡¡had¡¡heard¡¡Alva¡¡say£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡wrote£»¡¡¡¨that¡¡every¡¡time¡¡he¡¡saw¡¡the¡¡despatches¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡¡¡senors£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡moved¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡choler¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡

much¡¡care¡¡to¡¡temper¡¡it£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡seem¡¡a¡¡frenzied¡¡man¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡such¡¡times£»¡¡

De¡¡¡¡¡¡Tisnacq¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡return¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡diplomatic¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

fellow¡­countryman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡concerning¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡third¡¡¡¡¡¡fellow¡­countryman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡especially¡¡

when¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡countryman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡former¡¡¡¡¡¡pupil¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Melancthon¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Wittemberg£»¡¡

might¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡suspicion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡heresy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡

treason¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Be¡¡this¡¡as¡¡it¡¡may£»¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡suspect¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡strain¡¡of¡¡¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

story¡¡about¡¡the¡¡Inquisition£»¡¡for£»¡¡whether¡¡or¡¡not¡¡Vesalius¡¡operated¡¡on¡¡Don¡¡

Carlos£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡with¡¡his¡¡own¡¡eyes¡¡that¡¡miraculous¡¡Virgin¡¡of¡¡Atocha¡¡at¡¡

the¡¡bed's¡¡foot¡¡of¡¡the¡¡prince¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡heard¡¡his¡¡recovery¡¡attributed£»¡¡not¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡operation£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡the¡¡intercession¡¡of¡¡Fray£»¡¡now¡¡Saint¡¡Diego£»¡¡£û12£ý¡¡and¡¡

he¡¡must¡¡have¡¡had¡¡his¡¡thoughts¡¡thereon£»¡¡and¡¡may£»¡¡in¡¡an¡¡unguarded¡¡moment£»¡¡

have¡¡spoken¡¡them¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡he¡¡was£»¡¡be¡¡it¡¡always¡¡remembered£»¡¡a¡¡Netherlander¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡crisis¡¡of¡¡

his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡hand¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rebellion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inevitable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

rebellion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡horrors¡¡¡¡¡¡unutterable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡meanwhile£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Don¡¡¡¡¡¡Carlos¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

mad¡¡brain¡¡on¡¡having¡¡the¡¡mand¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Netherlands¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡his¡¡rage£»¡¡at¡¡not¡¡

having¡¡it£»¡¡as¡¡all¡¡the¡¡world¡¡knows£»¡¡he¡¡nearly¡¡killed¡¡Alva¡¡with¡¡his¡¡own¡¡hands£»¡¡

some¡¡two¡¡years¡¡after¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡it¡¡be¡¡true¡¡that¡¡Don¡¡Carlos¡¡felt¡¡a¡¡debt¡¡of¡¡gratitude¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨after¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡wont£©¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡poured¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡

confidence¡¡about¡¡the¡¡Netherlands£»¡¡to¡¡have¡¡even¡¡heard¡¡which¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡

crime¡¡in¡¡Philip's¡¡eyes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡if¡¡this¡¡be¡¡but¡¡a¡¡fancy£»¡¡still¡¡Vesalius¡¡was£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡

just¡¡said£»¡¡a¡¡Netherlander£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡of¡¡a¡¡brain¡¡and¡¡a¡¡spirit¡¡to¡¡which¡¡Philip's¡¡

doings£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡¡¡¡¡court£»¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡growing¡¡¡¡¡¡ever¡¡

more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡intolerable¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hundreds¡¡of¡¡his¡¡country¡¡folk£»¡¡perhaps¡¡men¡¡

and¡¡women¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡had¡¡known£»¡¡were¡¡being¡¡racked£»¡¡burnt¡¡alive£»¡¡buried¡¡

alive£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡bidding¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡jocular¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ruffian£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Peter¡¡¡¡¡¡Titelmann£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡chief¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡86¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡87¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



inquisitor¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¨day¡¡of¡¡the¡¡MAUBRULEZ£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡the¡¡wholesale¡¡massacre¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡followed¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡happened¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡before£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

signs¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡times£»¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡murders¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡miseries¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡increase¡£¡¡

And¡¡why¡¡were¡¡all¡¡these¡¡poor¡¡wretches¡¡suffering¡¡the¡¡extremity¡¡of¡¡horror£»¡¡

but¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡believe¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡miraculous¡¡¡¡¡¡images£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡bones¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

dead¡¡¡¡¡¡friars£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rest¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡unreason¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡unfact£»¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡

which¡¡Vesalius¡¡had¡¡been¡¡fighting¡¡all¡¡his¡¡life£»¡¡consciously¡¡or¡¡not£»¡¡by¡¡using¡¡

reason¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡observing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fact£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wonder¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡burst¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡noble¡¡

indignation¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡¡¡¡¡contempt£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡forgot¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡moment¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡sold¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

soul£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡love¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡likewise£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡luxurious£»¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡uneasy£»¡¡

hanger¡­on¡¡at¡¡the¡¡tyrant's¡¡court£»¡¡and¡¡spoke¡¡unadvisedly¡¡some¡¡word¡¡worthy¡¡

of¡¡a¡¡German¡¡man£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡to¡¡the¡¡story¡¡of¡¡his¡¡unhappy¡¡quarrels¡¡with¡¡his¡¡wife£»¡¡there¡¡may¡¡be¡¡a¡¡

grain¡¡of¡¡truth¡¡in¡¡it¡¡likewise¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Vesalius's¡¡religion¡¡must¡¡have¡¡sat¡¡very¡¡lightly¡¡

on¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡robbed¡¡¡¡¡¡churchyards¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gibbets¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

youth¡¡was¡¡not¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡apparitions¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡demons¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡

had¡¡handled¡¡too¡¡many¡¡human¡¡bones¡¡to¡¡care¡¡much¡¡for¡¡those¡¡of¡¡saints¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡

was¡¡probably£»¡¡like¡¡his¡¡friends¡¡of¡¡Basle£»¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡and¡¡Paris£»¡¡somewhat¡¡

of¡¡a¡¡heretic¡¡at¡¡heart£»¡¡probably¡¡somewhat¡¡of¡¡a¡¡pagan£»¡¡while¡¡his¡¡lady£»¡¡Anne¡¡

van¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Hamme£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡strict¡¡¡¡Catholic£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡father£»¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

councillor¡¡and¡¡master¡¡of¡¡the¡¡exchequer¡¡at¡¡Brussels£»¡¡was¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡and¡¡

freethinking¡¡in¡¡the¡¡husband£»¡¡crossed¡¡by¡¡superstition¡¡in¡¡the¡¡wife£»¡¡may¡¡have¡¡

caused¡¡in¡¡them¡¡that¡¡wretched¡¡vie¡¡e¡¡part£»¡¡that¡¡want¡¡of¡¡any¡¡true¡¡munion¡¡

of¡¡soul£»¡¡too¡¡mon¡¡to¡¡this¡¡day¡¡in¡¡Catholic¡¡countries¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Be¡¡these¡¡things¡¡as¡¡they¡¡mayand¡¡the¡¡exact¡¡truth¡¡of¡¡them¡¡will¡¡now¡¡be¡¡

never¡¡knownVesalius¡¡set¡¡out¡¡to¡¡Jerusalem¡¡in¡¡the¡¡spring¡¡of¡¡1564¡£¡¡On¡¡his¡¡

way¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡visited¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡friends¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡Venice¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡book¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡

Fallopius¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Venetian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡republic¡¡¡¡¡¡received¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡philosopher¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

open¡¡arms¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Fallopius¡¡was¡¡just¡¡dead£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡senate¡¡offered¡¡their¡¡guest¡¡the¡¡

vacant¡¡chair¡¡of¡¡anatomy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡accepted¡¡it£º¡¡but¡¡went¡¡on¡¡to¡¡the¡¡East¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡occupied¡¡that¡¡chair£»¡¡¡¡¡¡wrecked¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Isle¡¡of¡¡Zante£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

was¡¡sailing¡¡back¡¡from¡¡Palestine£»¡¡he¡¡died¡¡miserably¡¡of¡¡fever¡¡and¡¡want£»¡¡as¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡87¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡88¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



thousands¡¡of¡¡pilgrims¡¡returning¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Land¡¡had¡¡died¡¡before¡¡him¡£¡¡

A¡¡goldsmith¡¡recognised¡¡him£»¡¡buried¡¡him¡¡in¡¡a¡¡chapel¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Virgin£»¡¡and¡¡put¡¡

up¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡simple¡¡¡¡¡¡stone£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡remained¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡late¡¡¡¡¡¡years£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡

remain£»¡¡for¡¡aught¡¡I¡¡know£»¡¡even¡¡now¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡perished£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡prime¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡¡¨a¡¡martyr¡¡to¡¡his¡¡love¡¡of¡¡science£»¡¨¡¡to¡¡

quote¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡M¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Burggraeve¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Ghent£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡biographer¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

mentator£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨the¡¡¡¡¡¡prodigious¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡created¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡epoch¡¡

when¡¡everything¡¡was¡¡still¡¡an¡¡obstacle¡¡to¡¡his¡¡progress£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡whose¡¡whole¡¡

life¡¡was¡¡a¡¡long¡¡struggle¡¡of¡¡knowledge¡¡against¡¡ignorance£»¡¡of¡¡truth¡¡against¡¡

lies¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Plaudite£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Exeat£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡

whens
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡