ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ8²¿·Ö
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡
and¡¡Mandane's¡¡reproaches¡¡had¡¡gone¡¡to¡¡his¡¡heart¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Let¡¡Harpagus¡¡go¡¡home¡¡
and¡¡send¡¡his¡¡son¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡panion¡¡to¡¡the¡¡new¡found¡¡prince¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡night¡¡
there¡¡will¡¡be¡¡great¡¡sacrifices¡¡in¡¡honour¡¡of¡¡the¡¡child's¡¡safety£»¡¡and¡¡Harpagus¡¡
is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡guest¡¡at¡¡the¡¡banquet¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Harpagus¡¡¡¡¡¡es£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡eating¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡fill£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡asked¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡likes¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
king's¡¡¡¡¡¡meat£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡gives¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡usual¡¡¡¡¡¡answer£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡covered¡¡¡¡¡¡basket¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡put¡¡
before¡¡him£»¡¡out¡¡of¡¡which¡¡he¡¡is¡¡to¡¡takein¡¡Median¡¡fashionwhat¡¡he¡¡likes¡£¡¡
He¡¡¡¡¡¡finds¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡head¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡feet¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡son¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Like¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡
Eastern¡¡he¡¡shows¡¡no¡¡signs¡¡of¡¡horror¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡king¡¡asks¡¡him¡¡if¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡what¡¡
flesh¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡eating¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡answers¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡knew¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡
whatever¡¡the¡¡king¡¡did¡¡pleased¡¡him¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Like¡¡an¡¡Eastern¡¡courtier£»¡¡he¡¡knew¡¡how¡¡to¡¡dissemble£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡to¡¡forgive£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡bided¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Magi£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡credit£»¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡Astyages¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
dream¡¡had¡¡been¡¡fulfilled£»¡¡that¡¡Cyrusas¡¡we¡¡must¡¡now¡¡call¡¡the¡¡foundling¡¡
princehad¡¡fulfilled¡¡it¡¡by¡¡being¡¡a¡¡king¡¡in¡¡play£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡is¡¡let¡¡to¡¡go¡¡
back¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡father¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡hardy¡¡¡¡¡¡Persian¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡£¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡Harpagus¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡
leave¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡alone£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps£»¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡thoughts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡wrongs¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
avenge¡¡on¡¡his¡¡grandfather¡£¡¡And¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡impossible¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
young¡¡mountaineer¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡seen¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Median¡¡¡¡¡¡luxury¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡despise¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡
indulge¡¡in¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡has¡¡seen¡¡his¡¡own¡¡grandfather¡¡with¡¡his¡¡cheeks¡¡rouged£»¡¡
his¡¡eyelids¡¡stained¡¡with¡¡antimony£»¡¡living¡¡a¡¡womanlike¡¡life£»¡¡shut¡¡up¡¡from¡¡all¡¡
his¡¡subjects¡¡in¡¡the¡¡recesses¡¡of¡¡a¡¡vast¡¡seraglio¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡calls¡¡together¡¡the¡¡mountain¡¡rulers£»¡¡makes¡¡friends¡¡with¡¡Tigranes£»¡¡an¡¡
Armenian¡¡prince£»¡¡¡¡a¡¡vassal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Mede£»¡¡who¡¡has¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡wrongs¡¡likewise¡¡to¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡28¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡29¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
avenge¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡the¡¡two¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡armies¡¡of¡¡foot¡soldiersthe¡¡Persians¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
cavalrydefeat¡¡the¡¡innumerable¡¡horsemen¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Mede£»¡¡take¡¡the¡¡old¡¡king£»¡¡
keep¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡honourable¡¡¡¡¡¡captivity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡change£»¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡legend¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
single¡¡battle£»¡¡the¡¡fortunes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡East¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡begins¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡series¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡conquests¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡¡¡hardly¡¡
anything£»¡¡save¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were¡¡made¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡young¡¡mountaineer¡¡and¡¡
his¡¡¡¡¡¡playmates£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡makes¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡generals¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡satraps£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sweep¡¡¡¡¡¡onward¡¡
towards¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡West£»¡¡¡¡¡¡teaching¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡riding£»¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Persian¡¡
cavalry¡¡bees¡¡more¡¡famous¡¡than¡¡the¡¡Median¡¡had¡¡been¡£¡¡They¡¡gather¡¡to¡¡
them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡snowball¡¡¡¡¡¡gathers¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡rolling£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡picked¡¡¡¡¡¡youth¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡tribe¡¡
whom¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡overe¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡knit¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡tribes¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡loyalty¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
affection¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡righteousnessthat¡¡¡¡¡¡truthfulness¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡justicefor¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
Isaiah¡¡in¡¡his¡¡grandest¡¡¡¡¡¡lyric¡¡strains¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡them¡¡¡¡illustrious¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡
which¡¡Xenophon¡¡has¡¡celebrated¡¡in¡¡like¡¡manner¡¡in¡¡that¡¡exquisite¡¡book¡¡of¡¡
histhe¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Cyropaedia¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡Lydian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡kingdom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡CroesusAsia¡¡
Minor¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡nowgoes¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Babylon¡¡¡¡¡¡itself¡¡¡¡¡¡goes¡¡
down£»¡¡after¡¡that¡¡world¡famed¡¡siege¡¡which¡¡ended¡¡in¡¡Belshazzar's¡¡feast£»¡¡and¡¡
when¡¡Cyrus¡¡diedstill¡¡in¡¡the¡¡prime¡¡of¡¡life£»¡¡the¡¡legends¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡sayhe¡¡left¡¡
a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡coherent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡organised¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡empire£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stretched¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Mediterranean¡¡to¡¡Hindostan¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡runs¡¡the¡¡tale£»¡¡which¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡I¡¡confess£»¡¡sounds¡¡probable¡¡and¡¡rational¡¡
enough¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡you£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡learned¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡£¡¡
They¡¡are¡¡inclined¡¡to¡¡¡¨relegate¡¡it¡¡into¡¡the¡¡region¡¡of¡¡myth£»¡¨¡¡in¡¡plain¡¡English£»¡¡
to¡¡call¡¡old¡¡Herodotus¡¡a¡¡liar£»¡¡or¡¡at¡¡least¡¡a¡¡dupe¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡means¡¡those¡¡wise¡¡
men¡¡can¡¡have¡¡at¡¡this¡¡distance¡¡of¡¡more¡¡than¡¡2000¡¡years£»¡¡of¡¡knowing¡¡more¡¡
about¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡than¡¡Herodotus£»¡¡who¡¡lived¡¡within¡¡100¡¡years¡¡of¡¡Cyrus£»¡¡I¡¡
for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡myself¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡discover¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡wish¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
disparage¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hypercritical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡persons¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡areand¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡
ought¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡as¡¡long¡¡as¡¡lies¡¡and¡¡superstitions¡¡remain¡¡on¡¡this¡¡eartha¡¡class¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡thinkers¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡hold¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡¡¡¡¡suspicion¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡stories¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡savour¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
sensational£»¡¡the¡¡romantic£»¡¡even¡¡the¡¡dramatic¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡know¡¡the¡¡terrible¡¡uses¡¡
to¡¡which¡¡appeals¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fancy¡¡and¡¡the¡¡emotions¡¡have¡¡been¡¡applied£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡29¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡30¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
still¡¡applied¡¡to¡¡enslave¡¡the¡¡intellects£»¡¡the¡¡consciences£»¡¡the¡¡very¡¡bodies¡¡of¡¡
men¡¡and¡¡women¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡dread¡¡so¡¡much¡¡from¡¡experience¡¡the¡¡abuse¡¡of¡¡that¡¡
formula£»¡¡that¡¡¡¨a¡¡thing¡¡is¡¡so¡¡beautiful¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡true£»¡¨¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡inclined¡¡
to¡¡reply£º¡¡¡¨Rather¡¡let¡¡us¡¡say¡¡boldly£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡so¡¡beautiful¡¡that¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡true¡£¡¡
Let¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡mistrust£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡refuse¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡believe¡¡¡¡¡¡e¡¡¡¡¡¡priori£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡sight£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡
startling£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sensational£»¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡poetic¡¡¡¡¡¡tales£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡accept¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡history£»¡¡
which¡¡is¡¡not¡¡as¡¡dull¡¡as¡¡the¡¡ledger¡¡of¡¡a¡¡dry¡goods'¡¡store¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡I¡¡think¡¡that¡¡
experience£»¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡society£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡ditch¡water¡¡
philosophy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡weather£»¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡governed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡laws£»¡¡¡¡¡¡ought¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
equable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡normal£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whirlwinds£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡droughts£»¡¡
thunderstorms¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡share¡market£»¡¡being¡¡governed¡¡by¡¡laws£»¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
always¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡equable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡normal£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡startling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡transactions£»¡¡
startling¡¡panics£»¡¡startling¡¡disclosures£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡sensational¡¡romance¡¡of¡¡
mercial¡¡crime¡¡and¡¡folly¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Which¡¡of¡¡us¡¡has¡¡lived¡¡to¡¡be¡¡fifty¡¡years¡¡old£»¡¡
without¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡witnessed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡private¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡sensation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tragedies£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡alas£¡¡¡
sometimes¡¡too¡¡fearful¡¡to¡¡be¡¡told£»¡¡or¡¡at¡¡least¡¡sensational¡¡romances£»¡¡which¡¡
we¡¡shall¡¡take¡¡care¡¡not¡¡to¡¡tell£»¡¡because¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡not¡¡be¡¡believed£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡the¡¡
ditch¡water¡¡¡¡philosophy¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will£»¡¡human¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡ditch£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
wild¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡roaring¡¡¡¡¡¡river£»¡¡¡¡¡¡flooding¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡banks£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡eating¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡channels¡¡
with¡¡many¡¡a¡¡landslip¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡strange¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡man£»¡¡a¡¡strange¡¡animal£»¡¡
guided£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡true£»¡¡¡¡¡¡usually¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡mon¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡motives£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
reason£»¡¡ready¡¡and¡¡glad¡¡at¡¡times¡¡to¡¡escape¡¡from¡¡them¡¡and¡¡their¡¡dulness¡¡and¡¡
baseness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡vent£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡moment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
demoniac¡¡¡¡¡¡element£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Goethe¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡underlies¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡nature¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡
nature£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡prefer¡¡for¡¡an¡¡hour£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡normal¡¡and¡¡respectable¡¡ditch¡water£»¡¡
a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bottle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡champagne¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡carouse¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡fire¡water£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
consequences¡¡be¡¡what¡¡they¡¡may¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡else¡¡shall¡¡we¡¡explain¡¡such¡¡a¡¡phenomenon¡¡as¡¡those¡¡old¡¡crusades£¿¡¡
Were¡¡they¡¡undertaken¡¡for¡¡any¡¡purpose£»¡¡mercial¡¡or¡¡other£¿¡¡Certainly¡¡not¡¡
for¡¡¡¡¡¡lightening¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡overburdened¡¡¡¡¡¡population¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nay£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡history¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
your¡¡own¡¡Mormons£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡exodus¡¡into¡¡the¡¡far¡¡West£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡
startling¡¡instances¡¡which¡¡the¡¡world¡¡has¡¡seen¡¡for¡¡several¡¡centuries£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡30¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡31¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
unexpected¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡incalculable¡¡¡¡¡¡forces¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡lie¡¡¡¡¡¡hid¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡man£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Believe¡¡¡¡¡¡me£»¡¡
man's¡¡passions£»¡¡heated¡¡to¡¡igniting¡¡point£»¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡his¡¡prudence¡¡cooled¡¡
down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡freezing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡point£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡normal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡causes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡human¡¡
movement¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡truer¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡social¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡
economists¡¡are¡¡wont¡¡to¡¡lay¡¡down£»¡¡is¡¡that¡¡old¡¡DOV'¡¡E¡¡LA¡¡DONNA£¿¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Italian¡¡¡¡¡¡judge£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡used¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡ask£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡preliminary¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡case£»¡¡¡¡¡¡civil¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡
criminal£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡brought¡¡before¡¡him£»¡¡Dov'¡¡e¡¡la¡¡donna£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Where¡¡is¡¡the¡¡
lady£¿¡¨¡¡certain£»¡¡like¡¡a¡¡wise¡¡old¡¡gentleman£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡woman¡¡was¡¡most¡¡probably¡¡
at¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡matter¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Strangeness£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Romance£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Did¡¡any¡¡of¡¡you¡¡ever¡¡readif¡¡you¡¡have¡¡not¡¡
you¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡readArchbishop¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whately's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Historic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Doubts¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Emperor¡¡Napoleon¡¡the¡¡First¡¨£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Therein¡¡the¡¡learned¡¡and¡¡witty¡¡Archbishop¡¡
proved£»¡¡as¡¡early¡¡as¡¡1819£»¡¡by¡¡fair¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡criticism¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Hume¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
Sceptic¡¡School£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡Napoleon¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
treated¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡wise¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡myth¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡romance£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡
evidence¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡existed¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡strange¡¡
successes¡¡and¡¡strange¡¡defeats¡¡was¡¡probably¡¡invented¡¡by¡¡our¡¡Government¡¡
in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡pander¡¡to¡¡the¡¡vanity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡¡nation¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Archbishop¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whately£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡late¡¡¡¡¡¡edition£»¡¡
foreshadows£»¡¡¡¡¡¡wittily¡¡¡¡¡¡enoughthat¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡thousand¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡hence£»¡¡
when¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡late¡¡Emperor¡¡Napoleon¡¡the¡¡Third£»¡¡his¡¡rise¡¡and¡¡fall£»¡¡
shall¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡e¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡subjected¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡critical¡¡¡¡¡¡analysis¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡future¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Philistine¡¡
historians¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡New¡¡¡¡Zealand¡¡or¡¡Australia£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡proved¡¡by¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
utterly¡¡mythical£»¡¡incredible£»¡¡monstrousand¡¡that¡¡all¡¡the¡¡more£»¡¡the¡¡more¡¡the¡¡
actual¡¡facts¡¡remain¡¡to¡¡puzzle¡¡their¡¡unimaginative¡¡brains¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡will¡¡they¡¡
make¡¡two¡¡thousand¡¡years¡¡hence£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡landing¡¡at¡¡Boulogne¡¡with¡¡the¡¡tame¡¡
eagle£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Will¡¡not¡¡that£»¡¡and¡¡stranger¡¡facts¡¡still£»¡¡but¡¡just¡¡as¡¡true£»¡¡b
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԴ´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡