aphorisms-第2部分

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convulsion　to　a　fever。



　　27。　We　should　not　trust　ameliorations　in　diseases　when　they　are

not　regular；　nor　be　much　afraid　of　bad　symptoms　which　occur　in　an

irregular　form；　for　such　are　commonly　inconstant；　and　do　not　usually

continue；　nor　have　any　duration。



　　28。　In　fevers　which　are　not　altogether　slight；　it　is　a　bad　symptom

for　the　body　to　remain　without　any　diminution　of　bulk；　or　to　be　wasted

beyond　measure；　for　the　one　state　indicates　a　protracted　disease；

and　the　other　weakness　of　body。



　　29。　If　it　appear　that　evacuations　are　required；　they　should　be

made　at　the　commencement　of　diseases；　at　the　acme　it　is　better　to　be

quiet。



　　30。　Toward　the　commencement　and　end　of　diseases　all　the　symptoms　are

weaker；　and　toward　the　acme　they　are　stronger。



　　31。　When　a　person　who　is　recovering　from　a　disease　has　a　good

appetite；　but　his　body　does　not　improve　in　condition；　it　is　a　bad

symptom。



　　32。　For　the　most　part；　all　persons　in　ill　health；　who　have　a　good

appetite　at　the　commencement；　but　do　not　improve；　have　a　bad

appetite　again　toward　the　end；　whereas；　those　who　have　a　very　bad

appetite　at　the　commencement；　and　afterward　acquire　a　good　appetite；

get　better　off。



　　33。　In　every　disease　it　is　a　good　sign　when　the　patient's

intellect　is　sound；　and　he　is　disposed　to　take　whatever　food　is

offered　to　him；　but　the　contrary　is　bad。



　　34。　In　diseases；　there　is　less　danger　when　the　disease　is　one　to

which　the　patient's　constitution；　habit；　age；　and　the　season　are

allied；　than　when　it　is　one　to　which　they　are　not　allied。



　　35。　In　all　diseases　it　is　better　that　the　umbilical　and

hypogastric　regions　preserve　their　fullness；　and　it　is　a　bad　sign　when

they　are　very　slender　and　emaciated；　in　the　latter　case　it　is

dangerous　to　administer　purgatives。



　　36。　Persons　in　good　health　quickly　lose　their　strength　by　taking

purgative　medicines；　or　using　bad　food。



　　37。　Purgative　medicines　agree　ill　with　persons　in　good　health。



　　38。　An　article　of　food　or　drink　which　is　slightly　worse；　but　more

palatable；　is　to　be　preferred　to　such　as　are　better　but　less

palatable。



　　39。　Old　have　fewer　complaints　than　young；　but　those　chronic　diseases

which　do　befall　them　generally　never　leave　them。



　　40。　Catarrhs　and　coryza　in　very　old　people　are　not　concocted。



　　41。　Persons　who　have　had　frequent　and　severe　attacks　of　swooning；

without　any　manifest　cause；　die　suddenly。



　　42。　It　is　impossible　to　remove　a　strong　attack　of　apoplexy；　and

not　easy　to　remove　a　weak　attack。



　　43。　Of　persons　who　have　been　suspended　by　the　neck；　and　are　in　a

state　of　insensibility；　but　not　quite　dead；　those　do　not　recover　who

have　foam　at　the　mouth。



　　44。　Persons　who　are　naturally　very　fat　are　apt　to　die　earlier　than

those　who　are　slender。



　　45。　Epilepsy　in　young　persons　is　most　frequently　removed　by

changes　of　air；　of　country；　and　of　modes　of　life。



　　46。　Of　two　pains　occurring　together；　not　in　the　same　part　of　the

body；　the　stronger　weakens　the　other。



　　47。　Pains　and　fevers　occur　rather　at　the　formation　of　pus　than

when　it　is　already　formed。



　　48。　In　every　movement　of　the　body；　whenever　one　begins　to　endure

pain；　it　will　be　relieved　by　rest。



　　49。　Those　who　are　accustomed　to　endure　habitual　labors；　although

they　be　weak　or　old；　bear　them　better　than　strong　and　young　persons

who　have　not　been　so　accustomed。



　　50。　Those　things　which　one　has　been　accustomed　to　for　a　long　time；

although　worse　than　things　which　one　is　not　accustomed　to；　usually

give　less　disturbance；　but　a　change　must　sometimes　be　made　to　things

one　is　not　accustomed　to。



　　51。　To　evacuate；　fill　up；　heat；　cool；　or　otherwise；　move　the　body　in

any　way　much　and　suddenly；　is　dangerous；　and　whatever　is　excessive

is　inimical　to　nature；　but　whatever　is　done　by　little　and　little　is

safe；　more　especially　when　a　transition　is　made　from　one　thing　to

another。



　　52。　When　doing　everything　according　to　indications；　although

things　may　not　turn　out　agreeably　to　indication；　we　should　not

change　to　another　while　the　original　appearances　remain。



　　53。　Those　persons　who　have　watery　discharges　from　the　bowels　when

they　are　young；　come　off　better　than　those　who　have　dry；　but　in　old

age　they　come　off　worse；　for　the　bowels　in　aged　persons　are　usually

dried　up。



　　54。　Largeness　of　person　in　youth　is　noble　and　not　unbecoming；　but　in

old　age　it　is　inconvenient；　and　worse　than　a　smaller　structure。





　　SECTION　III。



　　1。　The　changes　of　the　season　mostly　engender　diseases；　and　in　the

seasons　great　changes　either　of　heat　or　of　cold；　and　the　rest

agreeably　to　the　same　rule。



　　2。　Of　natures　（temperaments？）；　some　are　well…　or　ill…adapted　for

summer；　and　some　for　winter。



　　3。　Of　diseases　and　ages；　certain　of　them　are　well…　or　ill…adapted　to

different　seasons；　places；　and　kinds　of　diet。



　　4。　In　the　seasons；　when　during　the　same　day　there　is　at　one　time

heat　and　at　another　time　cold；　the　diseases　of　autumn　may　be　expected。



　　5。　South　winds　induce　dullness　of　hearing；　dimness　of　visions；

heaviness　of　the　head；　torpor；　and　languor；　when　these　prevail；　such

symptoms　occur　in　diseases。　But　if　the　north　wind　prevail；　coughs；

affections　of　the　throat；　hardness　of　the　bowels；　dysuria　attended

with　rigors；　and　pains　of　the　sides　and　breast　occur。　When　this　wind

prevails；　all　such　symptoms　may　be　expected　in　diseases。



　　6。　When　summer　is　like　spring；　much　sweating　may　be　expected　in

fevers。



　　7。　Acute　diseases　occur　in　droughts；　and　if　the　summer　be

particularly　such；　according　to　the　constitution　which　it　has　given　to

the　year；　for　the　most　part　such　diseases　maybe　expected。



　　8。　In　seasons　which　are　regular；　and　furnish　the　productions　of

the　season　at　the　seasonable　time；　the　diseases　are　regular；　and

come　readily　to　a　crisis；　but　in　inconstant　seasons；　the　diseases

are　irregular；　and　come　to　a　crisis　with　difficulty。



　　9。　In　autumn；　diseases　are　most　acute；　and　most　mortal；　on　the

whole。　The　spring　is　most　healthy；　and　least　mortal。



　　10。　Autumn　is　a　bad　season　for　persons　in　consumption。



　　11。　With　regard　to　the　seasons；　if　the　winter　be　of　a　dry　and

northerly　character；　and　the　spring　rainy　and　southerly；　in　summer

there　will　necessarily　be　acute　fevers；　ophthalmies；　and

dysenteries；　especially　in　women；　and　in　men　of　a　humid　temperament。



　　12。　If　the　but　the　spring　dry　and　northerly；　women　whose　term　of

delivery　should　be　in　spring；　have　abortions　from　any　slight　cause；

and　those　who　reach　their　full　time；　bring　forth　children　who　are

feeble；　and　diseased；　so　that　they　either　die　presently；　or；　if　they

live；　are　puny　and　unhealthy。　Other　people　are　subject　to

dysenteries　and　ophthalmies；　and　old　men　to　catarrhs；　which　quickly

cut　them　off。



　　13。　If　the　summer　be　dry　and　northerly　and　the　autumn　rainy　and

southerly；　headaches　occur　in　winter；　with　coughs；　hoarsenesses；

coryzae；　and　in　some　cases　consumptions。



　　14。　But　if　the　autumn　be　northerly　and　dry；　it　agrees　well　with

persons　of　a　humid　temperament；　and　with　women；　but　others　will　be

subject　to　dry　ophthalmies；　acute　fevers；　coryzae；　and　in　some　cases

melancholy。



　　15。　Of　the　constitutions　of　the　year；　the　dry；　upon　the　whole；　are

more　healthy　than　the　rainy；　and　attended　with　less　mortality。



　　16。　The　diseases　which　occur　most　frequently　in　rainy　seasons　are；

protracted　fevers；　fluxes　of　the　bowels；　mortifications；　epilepsies；

apoplexies；　and　quinsies；　and　in　dry；　consumptive　diseases；

ophthalmies；　arthritic　diseases；　stranguries；　and　dysenteries。



　　17。　With　regard　to　the　states　of　the　weather　which　continue　but

for　a　day；　that　which　is　northerly；　braces　the　body；　giving　it　tone；

agility；　and　color；　improves　the　sense　of　hearing；　dries　up　the

bowels；　pinches　the　eyes；　and　aggravates　any　previous　pain　which　may

have　been　seated　in　the　chest。　But　the　southerly　relaxes　the　body；　and

renders　it　humid；　brings　on　dullness　of　hearing；　heaviness　of　the

head；　and　vertigo；　impairs　the　movements　of　the　eyes　and　the　whole

body；　and　renders　the　alvine　discharges　watery。



　　18。　With　regard　to　the　seasons；　in　spring　and　in　the　commencement　of

summer；　children　and　those　next　to　them　in　age　are　most　comfortable；

and　enjoy　best　health；　in　summer　and　during　a　certain　portion　of

autumn；　old　people；　during　the　remainder　of　the　autumn　and　in

winter；　those　of　the　intermediate　ages。



　　19。　All　diseases　occur　at　all　seasons　of　the　year；　but　certain　of

them　are　more　apt　to　occur　and　be　exacerbated　at　certain　seasons。



　　20。　The　diseases　of　spring　are；　maniacal；　melancholic；　and　epileptic

disorders；　bloody　flux；　quinsy；　coryza；　hoarseness；　cough；　leprosy；

lichen　alphos；　exanthemata　mostly　ending　in　ulcerations；　tubercles；

and　arthritic　diseases。



　　21。　Of　summer；　certain　of　these；　and　continued；　ardent；　and

tertian　fevers；　most　especially　vomiting；　diarrhoea；　ophthalmy；

pains　of　the　ears；　ulcerations　of　the　mouth；　mortifications　of　the

privy　parts；　and　the　sudamina。



　　22。　Of　autumn；　most　of　the　summer；　quartan；　and　irregular　fevers；

enlarged　spleen；　dropsy；　phthisis；　strangury；　lientery；　dysentery；

sciatica；　quinsy；　asthma；　ileus；　epilepsy；　maniacal　and　melancholic

disorders。



　　23。　Of　winter；　pleurisy；　pneumonia；　coryza；　hoarseness；　cough；　pains

of　the　chest；　pains　of　the　ribs　and　loins；　headache；　vertigo；　and

apoplexy。



　　24。　In　the　different　ages　the　following　complaints　occur：　to

little　and　new…born　children；　aphthae；　vomiting；　coughs；

sleeplessness；　frights　inflammation　of　the　navel；　watery　discharges

from　the　ears。



　　25。　At　the　approach　of　dentition；　pruritus　of　the　gums；　fevers；

convulsions；　diarrhoea；　especially　when　cutting　the　canine　teeth；

and　in　those　who　are　particularly　fat；　and　have　constipated　bowels。



　　26。　To　persons　somewhat　older；　affections　of　the　tonsils；

incurvation　of　the　spine　at　the　vertebra　next　the　occiput；　asthma；

calculus；　round　worms；　ascarides；　acrochordon；　satyriasmus；　struma；

and　other　tubercles　（phymata）；　but　especially　the　aforesaid。