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hiero-第6部分
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(wise) (Breit。 cf。 〃Mem。〃 III。 ix。 4; {sophian de kai sophrosunen
ou diorizen}); {andrapododeis} (servile) to the {kasmioi};
{andreioi} (orderly; courageous)。
This; then; I say; appears to me a sore affliction; that we should
look upon the one set as good men; and yet be forced to lean upon the
other。
And further; even a tyrant cannot but be something of a patriota
lover of that state; without which he can neither hope for safety nor
prosperity。 On the other hand; his tyrrany; the exigencies of despotic
rule; compel him to incriminate his fatherland。'5' To train his
citizens to soldiery; to render them brave warriors; and well armed;
confers no pleasure on him; rather he will take delight to make his
foreigners more formidable than those to whom the state belongs; and
these foreigners he will depend on as his body…guard。
'5' Or; 〃depreciate the land which gave him birth。〃 Holden cf。
〃Cyrop。〃 VII。 ii。 22。 See Sturz; s。v。
Nay more; not even in the years of plenty;'6' when abundance of all
blessings reigns; not even then may the tyrant's heart rejoice amid
the general joy; for the greater the indigence of the community the
humbler he will find them: that is his theory。
'6' 〃In good seasons;〃 〃seasons of prosperity。〃 Cf。 Aristot。 〃Pol。〃 v。
6。 17。
VI
He continued: I desire to make known to you; Simonides;'1' those
divers pleasures which were mine whilst I was still a private citizen;
but of which to…day; nay; from the moment I became a tyrant; I find
myself deprived。 In those days I consorted with my friends and
fellows; to our mutual delectation;'2' or; if I craved for
quietude;'3' I chose myself for my companion。 Gaily the hours flitted
at our drinking…parties; ofttimes till we had drowned such cares and
troubles as are common to the life of man in Lethe's bowl;'4' or
ofttimes till we had steeped our souls in song and dance'5' and
revelry; ofttimes till the flame of passion kindled in the breasts of
my companions and my own。'6' But now; welladay; I am deprived of those
who took delight in me; because I have slaves instead of friends as my
companions; I am robbed of my once delightful intercourse with them;
because I discern no vestige of goodwill towards me in their looks。
And as to the wine…cup and slumberthese I guard against; even as a
man might guard against an ambuscade。 Think only! to dread a crowd; to
dread solitude; to dread the absence of a guard; to dread the very
guards that guard; to shrink from having those about one's self
unarmed; and yet to hate the sight of armed attendants。 Can you
conceive a more troublesome circumstance?'7' But that is not all。 To
place more confidence in foreigners than in your fellow…citizens; nay;
in barbarians than in Hellenes; to be consumed with a desire to keep
freemen slaves and yet to be driven; will he nill he; to make slaves
free; are not all these the symptoms of a mind distracted and amazed
with terror?
'1' Or; 〃I wish I could disclose to you (he added) those heart…easing
joys。〃 For {euphrosunas} cf。 〃Od。〃 vi。 156; Aesch。 〃P。 V。〃 540;
Eur。 〃Bacch。〃 376。 A favourite word with our author; see 〃Ages。〃
ix。 4; 〃Cyrop。〃 passim; 〃Mem。〃 III。 viii。 10; 〃Econ。〃 ix。 12。
'2' Lit。 〃delighting I in them and they in me。〃
'3' Or; 〃when I sought tranquility I was my own companion。〃
'4' Or; 〃in sheer forgetfulness。〃
'5' Or; 〃absorbed our souls in song and festal cheer and dance。〃 Cf。
〃Od。〃 viii。 248; 249; {aiei d' emin dais te phile kitharis te
khoroi te} | {eimata t' exemoiba loetra te therma kau eunai}; 〃and
dear to us ever is the banquet and the harp and the dance; and
changes of raiment; and the warm bath; and love and sleep〃
(Butcher and Lang)。
'6' Reading as vulg。 {epithumias}。 Breit。 cf。 〃Mem。〃 III。 ix。 7; Plat。
〃Phaed。〃 116 E; 〃he has eaten and drunk and enjoyed the society of
his beloved〃 (Jowett)。 See 〃Symp。〃 the finale; or if; after Weiske
and Cobet; {euthumias}; transl。 〃to the general hilarity of myself
and the whole company〃 (cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 iii。 12; IV。 v。 7); but
this is surely a bathos rhetorically。
'7' Or; 〃a worse perplexity。〃 See 〃Hell。〃 VII。 iii。 8。
For terror; you know; not only is a source of pain indwelling in the
breast itself; but; ever in close attendance; shadowing the path;'8'
becomes the destroyer of all sweet joys。
'8' Reading {sumparakolouthon lumeon}。 Stob。 gives {sumparomarton
lumanter}。 For the sentiment cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 III。 i。 25。
And if you know anything of war; Simonides; and war's alarms; if it
was your fortune ever to be posted close to the enemy's lines;'9' try
to recall to mind what sort of meals you made at those times; with
what sort of slumber you courted rest。 Be assured; there are no pains
you then experienced; no horrors to compare with those that crowd upon
the despot; who sees or seems to see fierce eyes of enemies glare at
him; not face to face alone; but from every side。
'9' Or; 〃in the van of battle; opposite the hostile lines。〃
He had spoken so far; when Simonides took up the thread of the
discourse; replying: Excellently put。 A part I must admit; of what you
say; since war is terrible。 Yet; Hiero; you forget。 When we; at any
rate; are out campaigning; we have a custom; we place sentinels at the
outposts; and when the watch is set; we take our suppers and turn in
undauntedly。
And Hiero answered: Yes; I can well believe you; for the laws are the
true outposts;'10' who guard the sentinels; keeping their fears alive
both for themselves and in behalf of you。 Whereas the tyrant hires his
guards for pay like harvest labourers。'11' Now of all functions; all
abilities; none; I presume; is more required of a guard than that of
faithfulness; and yet one faithful man is a commodity more hard to
find than scores of workmen for any sort of work you like to name;'12'
and the more so; when the guards in question are not forthcoming
except for money's sake;'13' and when they have it in their power to
get far more in far less time by murdering the despot than they can
hope to earn by lengthened service in protecting him。
'10' Or; 〃beyond the sentinels themselves is set the outpost of the
laws; who watch the watch。〃
'11' Or; 〃ten…day labourers in harvest…time。〃
'12' Or; 〃but to discover one single faithful man is far more
difficult than scores of labourers in any field of work you
please。〃
'13' Or; 〃are merely hirelings for filthy lucre's sake。〃
And as to that which roused your envyour ability; as you call it; to
benefit our friends most largely; and beyond all else; to triumph over
our foeshere; again; matters are not as you suppose。
How; for instance; can you hope to benefit your friends; when you may
rest assured the very friend whom you have made most your debtor will
be the happiest to quit your sight as fast as may be? since nobody
believes that anything a tyrant gives him is indeed his own; until he
is well beyond the donor's jurisdiction。
So much for friends; and as to enemies conversely。 How can you say
〃most power of triumphing over our enemies;〃 when every tyrant knows
full well they are all his enemies; every man of them; who are
despotically ruled by him? And to put the whole of them to death or to
imprison them is hardly possible; or who will be his subjects
presently? Not so; but knowing they are his enemies; he must perform
this dexterous feat:'14' he must keep them at arm's length; and yet be
compelled to lean upon them。
'14' Lit。 〃he must at one and the same moment guard against them; and
yet be driven also to depend upon them。〃
But be assured; Simonides; that when a tyrant fears any of his
citizens; he is in a strait; it is ill work to see them living and ill
work to put them to the death。 Just as might happen with a horse; a
noble beast; but there is that in him makes one fear he will do some
mischief presently past curing。'15' His very virtue makes it hard to
kill the creature; and yet to turn him to account alive is also hard;
so careful must one be; he does not choose the thick of danger to work
irreparable harm。 And this; further; doubtless holds of all goods and
chattels; which are at once a trouble and a benefit。 If painful to
their owners to possess; they are none the less a source of pain to
part with。
'15' Lit。 〃good but fearful (i。e。 he makes one fear); he will some day
do some desperate mischief。〃
VII
Now when he had heard these reasonings; Simonides replied: O Hiero;
there is a potent force; it would appear; the name of which is honour;
so attractive that human beings strain to grasp it;'1' and in the
effort they will undergo all pains; endure all perils。 It would
further seem that even you; you tyrants; in spite of all that sea of
trouble which a tyranny involves; rush headlong in pursuit of it。 You
must be honoured。 All the world shall be your ministers; they shall
carry out your every injunction with unhestitating zeal。'2' You shall
be the cynosure of neighbouring eyes; men shall rise from their seats
at your approach; they shall step aside to yield you passage i
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