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hiero-第7部分

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at your approach; they shall step aside to yield you passage in the



streets。'3' All present shall at all times magnify you;'4' and shall



pay homage to you both with words and deeds。 Those; I take it; are



ever the kind of things which subjects do to please the monarch;'5'



and thus they treat each hero of the moment; whom they strive to



honour。'6'







'1' Lit。 〃that human beings will abide all risks and undergo all pains



    to clutch the bait。〃







'2' Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 II。 iii。 8; VIII。 i。 29。







'3' Cf。 〃Mem。〃 II。 iii。 16; 〃Cyrop。〃 VII。 v。 20。







'4' {gerairosi}; poetic。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 VIII。 i。 39; 〃Hell。〃 I。 vii。 33;



    〃Econ。〃 iv。 8; 〃Herod。〃 v。 67; Pind。 〃O。〃 iii。 3; v。 11; 〃N。〃 v。



    15; 〃Od。〃 xiv。 437; 441; 〃Il。〃 vii。 321; Plat。 〃Rep。〃 468 D;



    quoting 〃Il。〃 vii。 321。







'5' Reading {tois turannois}; or if {tous turannous}; after Cobet;



    〃That is how they treat crowned heads。〃







'6' Cf。 Tennyson; 〃Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington〃:







        With honour; honour; honour to him;



        Eternal honour to his name。







Yes; Hiero; and herein precisely lies the difference between a man and



other animals; in this outstretching after honour。'7' Since; it would



seem; all living creatures alike take pleasure in meats and drinks; in



sleep and sexual joys。 Only the love of honour is implanted neither in



unreasoning brutes'8' nor universally in man。 But they in whose hearts



the passion for honour and fair fame has fallen like a seed; these



unmistakably'9' are separated most widely from the brutes。 These may



claim to be called men;'10' not human beings merely。 So that; in my



poor judgment; it is but reasonable you should submit to bear the



pains and penalties of royalty; since you are honoured far beyond all



other mortal men。 And indeed no pleasure known to man would seem to be



nearer that of gods than the delight'11' which centres in proud



attributes。







'7' Or; 〃in this strong aspiration after honour。〃 Holden aptly cf。



    〃Spectator;〃 No。 467: 〃The love of praise is a passion deeply



    fixed in the mind of every extraordinary person; and those who are



    most affected with it seem most to partake of that particle of the



    divinity which distinguishes mankind from the inferior creation。〃







'8' {alogous}; i。e。 〃without speach and reason〃; cf。 modern Greek {o



    alogos} = the horse (sc。 the animal par excellence)。 See



    〃Horsemanship;〃 viii。 14。







'9' {ede}; 〃ipso facto。〃







'10' See 〃Anab。〃 I。 vii。 4; Frotscher ap。 Breit。 cf。 Cic。 〃ad Fam。〃 v。



    17。 5; 〃ut et hominem te et virum esse meminisses。〃







'11' Or; 〃joyance。〃







To these arguments Hiero replied: Nay; but; Simonides; the honours and



proud attributes bestowed on tyrants have much in common with their



love…makings; as I described them。 Like honours like loves; the pair



are of a piece。







For just as the ministrations won from loveless hearts'12' are felt to



be devoid of grace; and embraces forcibly procured are sweet no



longer; so the obsequious cringings of alarm are hardly honours。 Since



how shall we assert that people who are forced to rise from their



seats do really rise to honour those whom they regard as malefactors?



or that these others who step aside to let their betters pass them in



the street; desire thus to show respect to miscreants?'13' And as to



gifts; it is notorious; people commonly bestow them largely upon those



they hate; and that too when their fears are gravest; hoping to avert



impending evil。 Nay; these are nothing more nor less than acts of



slavery; and they may fairly be set down as such。







'12' Or; 〃the compliance of cold lips where love is not reciprocated



    is 。 。 。〃







'13' Or; 〃to rank injustice。〃







But honours have a very different origin;'14' as different to my mind



as are the sentiments to which they give expression。 See how; for



instance; men of common mould will single out a man; who is a man;'15'



they feel; and competent to be their benefactor; one from whom they



hope to reap rich blessings。 His name lives upon their lips in praise。



As they gaze at him; each one among them sees in him a private



treasure。 Spontaneously they yield him passage in the streets。 They



rise from their seats to do him honour; out of love not fear; they



crown him for his public'16' virtue's sake and benefactions。 They



shower gifts upon him of their own free choice。 These same are they



who; if my definition holds; may well be said to render honour to



their hero by such service; whilst he that is held worthy of these



services is truly honoured。 And for my part I can but offer my



congratulations to him。 〃God bless him;〃 say I; perceiving that so far



from being the butt of foul conspiracy; he is an object of anxiety to



all; lest evil should betide him; and so he pursues the even tenour of



his days in happiness exempt from fears and jealousy'17' and risk。 But



the current of the tyrant's life runs differently。 Day and night; I do



assure you; Simonides; he lives like one condemned by the general



verdict of mankind to die for his iniquity。







'14' Lit。 〃Honours would seem to be the outcome and expression of



    conditions utterly remote from these; in fact their very



    opposites。〃







'15' Cf。 Napoleon's accost of Goethe; 〃Vous etes un homme;〃 and 〃as



    Goethe left the room; Napoleon repeated to Berthier and Daru;



    'Voila un homme!'〃 (〃The Life of Goethe;〃 Lewes; p。 500)。







'16' Reading {koines}; which ought to mean 〃common to them and him〃;



    if with Cobet {koine}; 〃in public crown him for his virtue's sake;



    a benefactor。〃







'17' Or; 〃without reproach。〃







Now when Simonides had listened to these reasonings to the end;'18' he



answered: How is it; Hiero; if to play the tyrant is a thing so



villainous;'19' and that is your final judgment; how comes it you are



not quit of so monstrous an evil? Neither you; nor; for that matter;



any monarch else I ever heard of; having once possessed the power; did



ever of his own free will divest himself of sovereignty。 How is that;



Hiero?







'18' Cf。 〃Econ。〃 xi。 1。







'19' Or; 〃if to monarchise and play the despot。〃







For one simple reason (the tyrant answered); and herein lies the



supreme misery of despotic power; it is not possible even to be quit



of it。'20' How could the life of any single tyrant suffice to square



the account? How should he pay in full to the last farthing all the



moneys of all whom he has robbed? with what chains laid upon him make



requital to all those he has thrust into felons' quarters?'21' how



proffer lives enough to die in compensation of the dead men he has



slain? how die a thousand deaths?







'20' Holden aptly cf。 Plut。 〃Sol。〃 14; {kalon men einai ten torannida



    khorion; ouk ekhein de apobasin}; 〃it was true a tyrrany was a



    very fair spot; but it had no way down from it〃 (Clough; i。 p。



    181)。







'21' Or; 〃how undergo in his own person the imprisonments he has



    inflicted?〃 Reading {antipaskhoi}; or if {antiparaskhoi}; transl。



    〃how could he replace in his own person the exact number of



    imprisonments which he has inflicted on others?〃







Ah; no! Simonides (he added); if to hang one's self outright be ever



gainful to pour mortal soul; then; take my word for it; that is the



tyrant's remedy: there's none better suited'22' to his case; since he



alone of all men is in this dilemma; that neither to keep nor lay



aside his troubles profits him。







'22' Or; 〃nought more profitable to meet the case。〃 The author plays



    on {lusitelei} according to his wont。















VIII







Here Simonides took up the thread of the discourse'1' as follows: That



for the moment; Hiero; you should be out of heart regarding tyranny'2'



I do not wonder; since you have a strong desire to be loved by human



beings; and you are persuaded that it is your office which balks the



realisation of your dream。







'1' Al。 〃took up the speaker thus。〃







'2' 〃In reference to despotic rule。〃







Now; however; I am no less certain I can prove to you that



government'3' implies no obstacle to being loved; but rather holds the



advantage over private life so far。 And whilst investigating if this



be really so; let us not embarass the inquiry by asking whether in



proportion to his greater power the ruler is able to do kindness on a



grander scale。 But put it thus: Two human beings; the one in humble



circumstances;'4' the other a despotic ruler; perform a common act;



which of these twain will; under like conditions;'5' win the larger



thanks? I will begin with the most trifling'6' examples; and first a



simple friendly salutation; 〃Good day;〃 〃Good evening;〃 dropped at



sight of some one from the lips of here a ruler; there a private



citizen。 In such a case; whose salutation will sound the pleasanter to



him accosted?







'3' {to arkhein}。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 passim。







'4' 〃A private person。〃







'5' Lit。 〃by like expenditure of power。〃







'6' {arkhomai soi}。 Lit。 〃I'll begin you with quite commonplace



    examples。〃 Holden cf。 Shakesp。 〃Merry Wives;〃 i。 4。 97; 〃I'll do



    you your master what good I can〃; 〃Much Ado;〃 ii。 3。 115; 〃She



    will sit you。〃 For the distinction between {paradeigmaton} =

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