themistocles-第5部分

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ancient　Athenian　kings；　who；　endeavouring　to　withdraw　their　subjects
from　the　sea；　and　to　accustom　them　to　live；　not　by　sailing　about；
but　by　planting　and　tilling　the　earth；　spread　the　story　of　the　dispute
between　Minerva　and　Neptune　for　the　sovereignty　of　Athens；　in　which
Minerva；　by　producing　to　the　judges　an　olive…tree；　was　declared　to
have　won；　whereas　Themistocles　did　not　only　knead　up；　as
Aristophanes　says；　the　port　and　the　city　into　one；　but　made　the　city
absolutely　the　dependant　and　the　adjunct　of　the　port；　and　the　land
of　the　sea；　which　increased　the　power　and　confidence　of　the　people
against　the　nobility；　the　authority　coming　into　the　hands　of　sailors
and　boatswains　and　pilots。　Thus　it　was　one　of　the　orders　of　the　thirty
tyrants；　that　the　hustings　in　the　assembly；　which　had　faced　towards
the　sea；　should　be　turned　round　towards　the　land；　implying　their
opinion　that　the　empire　by　sea　had　been　the　origin　of　the　democracy；
and　that　the　farming　population　were　not　so　much　opposed　to　oligarchy。
　　Themistocles；　however；　formed　yet　higher　designs　with　a　view　to
naval　supremacy。　For；　after　the　departure　of　Xerxes；　when　the
Grecian　fleet　was　arrived　at　Pagasae；　where　they　wintered；
Themistocles；　in　a　public　oration　to　the　people　of　Athens；　told　them
that　he　had　a　design　to　perform　something　that　would　tend　greatly　to
their　interests　and　safety；　but　was　of　such　a　nature　that　it　could　not
be　made　generally　public。　The　Athenians　ordered　him　to　impart　it　to
Aristides　only；　and；　if　he　approved　of　it；　to　put　it　in　practice。
And　when　Themistocles　had　discovered　to　him　that　his　design　was　to
burn　the　Grecian　fleet　in　the　haven　of　Pagasae；　Aristides　coming　out
to　the　people；　gave　this　report　of　the　stratagem　contrived　by
Themistocles；　that　no　proposal　could　be　more　politic；　or　more
dishonourable；　on　which　the　Athenians　commanded　Themistocles　to
think　no　farther　of　it。
　　When　the　Lacedaemonians　proposed；　at　the　general　council　of　the
Amphictyonians；　that　the　representatives　of　those　cities　which　were
not　in　the　league；　nor　had　fought　against　the　Persians；　should　be
excluded；　Themistocles；　fearing　that　the　Thessalians；　with　those　of
Thebes；　Argos；　and　others；　being　thrown　out　of　the　council；　the
Lacedaemonians　would　become　wholly　masters　of　the　votes；　and　do　what
they　pleased；　supported　the　deputies　of　the　cities；　and　prevailed　with
the　members　then　sitting　to　alter　their　opinion　on　this　point；　showing
them　that　there　were　but　one…and…thirty　cities　which　had　partaken　in
the　war；　and　that　most　of　these；　also；　were　very　small；　how
intolerable　would　it　be；　if　the　rest　of　Greece　should　be　excluded；　and
the　general　council　should　come　to　be　ruled　by　two　or　three　great
cities。　By　this；　chiefly；　he　incurred　the　displeasure　of　the
Lacedaemonians；　whose　honours　and　favours　were　now　shown　to　Cimon；
with　a　view　to　making　him　the　opponent　of　the　state　policy　of
Themistocles。
　　He　was　also　burdensome　to　the　confederates；　sailing　about　the
islands　and　collecting　money　from　them。　Herodotus　says；　that；
requiring　money　of　those　of　the　island　of　Andros；　he　told　them　that　he
had　brought　with　him　two　goddesses；　Persuasion　and　Force；　and　they
answered　him　that　they　had　also　two　great　goddesses；　which
prohibited　them　from　giving　him　any　money；　Poverty　and
Impossibility。　Timocreon；　the　Rhodian　poet；　reprehends　him　somewhat
bitterly　for　being　wrought　upon　by　money　to　let　some　who　were　banished
return；　while　abandoning　himself；　who　was　his　guest　and　friend。　The
verses　are　these：…

　　〃Pausanias　you　may　praise；　and　Xanthippus；　he　be　for；
　　For　Leutychidas；　a　third；　Aristides；　I　proclaim；
　　From　the　sacred　Athens　came。
　　The　one　true　man　of　all；　for　Themistocles　Latona　doth　abhor；
　　The　liar；　traitor；　cheat；　who　to　gain　his　filthy　pay；
　　Timocreon；　his　friend；　neglected　to　restore
　　　　To　his　native　Rhodian　shore；
　　Three　silver　talents　took　and　departed　（curses　with　him）　on　his
　　　　way；
　　Restoring　people　here；　expelling　there；　and　killing　here；
　　Filling　evermore　his　purse：　and　at　the　Isthmus　gave　a　treat；
　　To　be　laughed　at；　of　cold　meat；
　　Which　they　ate；　and　prayed　the　gods　some　one　else　might
　　　　give　the　feast　another　year。〃

But　after　the　sentence　and　banishment　of　Themistocles；　Timocreon
reviles　him　yet　more　immoderately　and　wildly　in　a　poem　that　begins
thus：…

　　　　　　　　　〃Unto　all　the　Greeks　repair；
　　　　　　　　　O　Muse；　and　tell　these　verses　there；
　　　　　　　　　As　is　fitting　and　is　fair。〃

The　story　is；　that　it　was　put　to　the　question　whether　Timocreon　should
be　banished　for　siding　with　the　Persians；　and　Themistocles　gave　his
vote　against　him。　So　when　Themistocles　was　accused　of　intriguing
with　the　Medes；　Timocreon　made　these　lines　upon　him：…

　　　　〃So　now　Timocreon；　indeed；　is　not　the　sole　friend　of　the　Mede；
　　　　　There　are　some　knaves　besides；　nor　is　it　only　mine　that　fails；
　　　　　But　other　foxes　have　lost　tails。…〃

When　the　citizens　of　Athens　began　to　listen　willingly　to　those　who
traduced　and　reproached　him；　he　was　forced；　with　somewhat　obnoxious
frequency；　to　put　them　in　mind　of　the　great　services　he　had　performed；
and　ask　those　who　were　offended　with　him　whether　they　were　weary
with　receiving　benefits　often　from　the　same　person；　so　rendering
himself　more　odious。　And　he　yet　more　provoked　the　people　by　building　a
temple　to　Diana　with　the　epithet　of　Aristobule；　or　Diana　of　Best
Counsel；　intimating　thereby；　that　he　had　given　the　best　counsel；　not
only　to　the　Athenians；　but　to　all　Greece。　He　built　this　temple　near
his　own　house；　in　the　district　called　Melite；　where　now　the　public
officers　carry　out　the　bodies　of　such　as　are　executed；　and　throw　the
halters　and　clothes　of　those　that　are　strangled　or　otherwise　put　to
death。　There　is　to　this　day　a　small　figure　of　Themistocles　in　the
temple　of　Diana　of　Best　Counsel；　which　represents　him　to　be　a　person
not　only　of　a　noble　mind；　but　also　of　a　most　heroic　aspect。　At
length　the　Athenians　banished　him；　making　use　of　the　ostracism　to
humble　his　eminence　and　authority；　as　they　ordinarily　did　with　all
whom　they　thought　too　powerful；　or；　by　their　greatness；
disproportional　to　the　equality　thought　requisite　in　a　popular
government。　For　the　ostracism　was　instituted；　not　so　much　to　punish
the　offender；　as　to　mitigate　and　pacify　the　violence　of　the　envious；
who　delighted　to　humble　eminent　men；　and　who；　by　fixing　this
disgrace　upon　them；　might　vent　some　part　of　their　rancour。
　　Themistocles　being　banished　from　Athens；　while　he　stayed　at　Argos
the　detection　of　Pausanias　happened；　which　gave　such　advantage　to
his　enemies；　that　Leobotes　of　Agraule；　son　of　Alcmaeon；　indicted　him
of　treason；　the　Spartans　supporting　him　in　the　accusation。
　　When　Pausanias　went　about　this　treasonable　design；　he　concealed　it
at　first　from　Themistocles；　though　he　were　his　intimate　friend；　but
when　he　saw　him　expelled　out　of　the　commonwealth；　and　how
impatiently　he　took　his　banishment；　he　ventured　to　communicate　it　to
him；　and　desired　his　assistance；　showing　him　the　king　of　Persia's
letters；　and　exasperating　him　against　the　Greeks；　as　a　villainous；
ungrateful　people。　However；　Themistocles　immediately　rejected　the
proposals　of　Pausanias；　and　wholly　refused　to　be　a　party　in　the
enterprise；　though　he　never　revealed　his　communications；　nor　disclosed
the　conspiracy　to　any　man；　either　hoping　that　Pausanias　would　desist
from　his　intentions；　or　expecting　that　so　inconsiderate　an　attempt
after　such　chimerical　objects　would　be　discovered　by　other　means。
　　After　that　Pausanias　was　put　to　death；　letters　and　writings　being
found　concerning　this　matter；　which　rendered　Themistocles　suspected；
the　Lacedaemonians　were　clamorous　against　him；　and　his　enemies　among
the　Athenians　accused　him；　when；　being　absent　from　Athens；　he　made　his
defence　by　letters；　especially　against　the　points　that　had　been
previously　alleged　against　him。　In　answer　to　the　malicious　detractions
of　his　enemies；　he　merely　wrote　to　the　citizens；　urging　that　he　who
was　always　ambitious　to　govern；　and　not　of　a　character　or　a
disposition　to　serve；　would　never　sell　himself　and　his　country　into
slavery　to　a　barbarous　and　hostile　nation。
　　Notwithstanding　this；　the　people；　being　persuaded　by　his　accusers；
sent　officers　to　take　him　and　bring　him　away　to　be　tried　before　a
council　of　the　Greeks；　but；　having　timely　notice　of　it；　he　passed　over
into　the　island　of　Corcyra；　where　the　state　was　under　obligations　to
him；　for；　being　chosen　as　arbitrator　in　a　difference　between　them
and　the　Corinthians；　he　decided　the　controversy　by　ordering　the
Corinthians　to　pay　down　twenty　talents；　and　declaring　the　town　and
island　of　Leucas　a　joint　colony　from　both　cities。　From　thence　he
fled　into　Epirus；　and；　the　Athenians　and　Lacedaemonians　still　pursuing
him；　he　threw　himself　upon　chances　of　safety　that　seemed　all　but
desperate。　For　he　fled　for　refuge　to　Admetus；　king　of　the
Molossians；　who　had　formerly　made　some　request　to　the　Athenians；
when　Themistocles　was　in　the　height　of　his　authority；　and　had　been
disdainfully　used　and　insulted　by　him；　and　had　let　it　appear　plain
enough；　that；　could　he　lay　hold　of　him；　he　would　take　his　revenge。　Yet
in　this　misfortune　Themistocles；　fearing　the　recent　hatred　of　his
neighbours　and　fellow…citizens　more　than　the　old　displeasure　of　the
king；　put　himself　at　his　mercy　and　became　an　humble　suppliant　to
Admetus；　after　a　peculiar　manner　different　from　the　custom　of　other
countries。　For　taking　the　king's　son；　who　was　then　a　child；　in　his
arms；　he　laid　himself　down　at　his　hearth；　this　being　the　most　sacred
and　only　manner　of　supplication　among　the　Molossians；　which　was　not　to
be　refused。　And　some　say　that　his　wife；　Phthia；　intimated　to
Themistocles　this　way　of　petitioning；　and　placed　her　young　son　with
him　before　the　hearth；　others；　that　king　Admetus；　that　he　might　be
under　a　religious　obligation　not　to　deliver　him　up　to　his　pursuers；
prepared　and　enacted　with　him　a　sort　of　stage…play　to　this　effect。
At　this　time　Epicrates　of　Acharnae　privately　conveyed　his　wife　and
children　out　of　Athens；　and　sent　them　hither；　for　which　afterwards
Cimon　condemned　him　and　put　him　to　death；　as　Stesimbrotus　reports；　and
yet　somehow；　either　forgetting　this　himself；　or　making　Themis