the athenian constitution-第11部分

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Part　49

　　The　Council　also　inspects　the　horses　belonging　to　the　state。　If　a　man　who　has　a　good　horse　is　found　to　keep　it　in　bad　condition；　he　is　mulcted　in　his　allowance　of　corn；　while　those　which　cannot　keep　up　or　which　shy　and　will　not　stand　steady；　it　brands　with　a　wheel　on　the　jaw；　and　the　horse　so　marked　is　disqualified　for　service。　It　also　inspects　those　who　appear　to　be　fit　for　service　as　scouts；　and　any　one　whom　it　rejects　is　deprived　of　his　horse。　It　also　　examines　the　infantry　who　serve　among　the　cavalry；　and　any　one　whom　it　rejects　ceases　to　receive　his　pay。　The　roll　of　the　cavalry　is　drawn　up　by　the　Commissioners　of　Enrolment　（Catalogeis）；　ten　in　number；　　elected　by　the　Assembly　by　open　vote。　They　hand　over　to　the　Hipparchs　and　Phylarchs　the　list　of　those　whom　they　have　enrolled；　and　these　officers　take　it　and　bring　it　up　before　the　Council；　and　there　open　the　sealed　tablet　containing　the　names　of　the　cavalry。　If　　any　of　those　who　have　been　on　the　roll　previously　make　affidavit　that　they　are　physically　incapable　of　cavalry　service；　they　strike　them　out；　then　they　call　up　the　persons　newly　enrolled；　and　if　any　one　makes　affidavit　that　he　is　either　physically　or　pecuniarily　incapable　of　cavalry　service　they　dismiss　him；　but　if　no　such　affidavit　　is　made　the　Council　vote　whether　the　individual　in　question　is　suitable　for　the　purpose　or　not。　If　they　vote　in　the　affirmative　his　name　is　　entered　on　the　tablet；　if　not；　he　is　dismissed　with　the　others。　　　Formerly　the　Council　used　to　decide　on　the　plans　for　public　buildings　and　the　contract　for　making　the　robe　of　Athena；　　but　now　this　work　is　done　by　a　jury　in　the　law…courts　appointed　by　lot；　since　the　Council　was　considered　to　have　shown　favouritism　in　its　　decisions。　The　Council　also　shares　with　the　Military　Treasurer　the　　superintendence　of　the　manufacture　of　the　images　of　Victory　and　the　prizes　at　the　Panathenaic　festival。　　　The　Council　also　examines　infirm　paupers；　for　there　is　a　law　which　provides　that　persons　possessing　less　than　three　minas；　who　are　so　crippled　as　to　be　unable　to　do　any　work；　are；　after　　examination　by　the　Council；　to　receive　two　obols　a　day　from　the　state　for　their　support。　A　treasurer　is　appointed　by　lot　to　attend　to　them。　　　The　Council　also；　speaking　broadly；　cooperates　in　most　of　　the　duties　of　all　the　other　magistrates；　and　this　ends　the　list　of　the　functions　of　that　body。

Part　50

　　There　are　ten　Commissioners　for　Repairs　of　Temples；　elected　by　lot；　who　receive　a　sum　of　thirty　minas　from　the　　Receivers…General；　and　therewith　carry　out　the　most　necessary　repairs　in　the　temples。　　　There　are　also　ten　City　Commissioners　（Astynomi）；　of　whom　five　hold　office　in　Piraeus　and　five　in　the　city。　Their　duty　is　　to　see　that　female　flute…and　harp…and　lute…players　are　not　hired　at　more　than　two　drachmas；　and　if　more　than　one　person　is　anxious　to　hire　the　same　girl；　they　cast　lots　and　hire　her　out　to　the　person　to　whom　the　lot　falls。　They　also　provide　that　no　collector　of　sewage　shall　shoot　any　of　his　sewage　within　ten　stradia　of　the　walls；　they　　prevent　people　from　blocking　up　the　streets　by　building；　or　stretching　barriers　across　them；　or　making　drain…pipes　in　mid…air　with　a　discharge　into　the　street；　or　having　doors　which　open　outwards；　they　also　remove　the　corpses　of　those　who　die　in　the　streets；　for　which　purpose　they　have　a　body　of　state　slaves　assigned　to　them。

Part　51

　　Market　Commissioners　（Agoranomi）　are　elected　by　lot；　five　for　Piraeus；　five　for　the　city。　Their　statutory　duty　is　to　see　that　all　articles　offered　for　sale　in　the　market　are　pure　and　unadulterated。　　　Commissioners　of　Weights　and　Measures　（Metronomi）　are　elected　by　lot；　five　for　the　city；　and　five　for　Piraeus。　They　see　that　sellers　use　fair　weights　and　measures。　　　Formerly　there　were　ten　Corn　Commissioners　（Sitophylaces）；　elected　by　lot；　five　for　Piraeus；　and　five　for　the　city；　but　now　there　are　twenty　for　the　city　and　fifteen　for　Piraeus。　Their　duties　are；　first；　to　see　that　the　unprepared　corn　in　the　market　is　offered　for　sale　at　reasonable　prices；　and　secondly；　to　see　that　the　millers　sell　barley　meal　at　a　price　proportionate　to　that　of　barley；　and　that　the　bakers　sell　their　loaves　at　a　price　proportionate　to　that　of　wheat；　and　of　such　weight　as　the　Commissioners　may　　appoint；　for　the　law　requires　them　to　fix　the　standard　weight。　　　There　are　ten　Superintendents　of　the　Mart；　elected　by　lot；　whose　duty　is　to　superintend　the　Mart；　and　to　compel　merchants　to　bring　up　into　the　city　two…thirds　of　the　corn　which　is　brought　by　sea　to　the　Corn　Mart。

Part　52

　　The　Eleven　also　are　appointed　by　lot　to　take　care　of　the　prisoners　in　the　state　gaol。　Thieves；　kidnappers；　and　pickpockets　are　　brought　to　them；　and　if　they　plead　guilty　they　are　executed；　but　if　　they　deny　the　charge　the　Eleven　bring　the　case　before　the　law…courts；　if　the　prisoners　are　acquitted；　they　release　them；　but　if　not；　they　then　execute　them。　They　also　bring　up　before　the　law…courts　the　list　of　farms　and　houses　claimed　as　state…property；　and　if　it　is　decided　that　they　are　so；　they　deliver　them　to　the　Commissioners　for　Public　Contracts。　The　Eleven　also　bring　up　informations　laid　against　magistrates　alleged　to　be　disqualified；　this　function　comes　within　their　province；　but　some　such　cases　are　brought　up　by　the　Thesmothetae。　　　There　are　also　five　Introducers　of　Cases　（Eisagogeis）；　elected　by　lot；　one　for　each　pair　of　tribes；　who　bring　up　the　'monthly'　cases　to　the　law…courts。　'Monthly'　cases　are　these：　refusal　to　pay　up　a　dowry　where　a　party　is　bound　to　do　so；　refusal　to　pay　interest　on　money　borrowed　at　12　per　cent。；　or　where　a　man　desirous　of　setting　up　business　in　the　market　has　borrowed　from　another　man　capital　to　start　with；　also　cases　of　slander；　cases　arising　out　of　　friendly　loans　or　partnerships；　and　cases　concerned　with　slaves；　cattle；　and　the　office　of　trierarch；　or　with　banks。　These　are　brought　up　as　'monthly'　cases　and　are　introduced　by　these　officers；　but　the　Receivers…General　perform　the　same　function　in　cases　for　or　against　the　farmers　of　taxes。　Those　in　which　the　sum　concerned　is　not　more　than　ten　drachmas　they　can　decide　summarily；　but　all　above　　that　amount　they　bring　into　the　law…courts　as　'monthly'　cases。

Part　53

　　The　Forty　are　also　elected　by　lot；　four　from　each　tribe；　　before　whom　suitors　bring　all　other　cases。　Formerly　they　were　thirty　in　number；　and　they　went　on　circuit　through　the　demes　to　hear　causes；　but　after　the　oligarchy　of　the　Thirty　they　were　increased　to　forty。　They　have　full　powers　to　decide　cases　in　which　the　amount　at　issue　does　not　exceed　ten　drachmas；　but　anything　beyond　that　value　they　hand　over　to　the　Arbitrators。　The　Arbitrators　take　up　the　case；　and；　if　they　cannot　bring　the　parties　to　an　agreement；　they　give　a　decision。　If　their　decision　satisfies　both　parties；　and　they　abide　by　it；　the　case　is　at　an　end；　but　if　either　of　the　parties　appeals　to　the　law…courts；　the　Arbitrators　enclose　the　evidence；　the　pleadings；　and　the　laws　quoted　in　the　case　in　two　urns；　those　of　the　　plaintiff　in　the　one；　and　those　of　the　defendant　in　the　other。　These　they　seal　up　and；　having　attached　to　them　the　decision　of　the　arbitrator；　written　out　on　a　tablet；　place　them　in　the　custody　of　the　four　justices　whose　function　it　is　to　introduce　cases　on　behalf　of　the　tribe　of　the　defendant。　These　officers　take　them　and　bring　up　the　case　before　the　law…court；　to　a　jury　of　two　hundred　and　one　members　in　　cases　up　to　the　value　of　a　thousand　drachmas；　or　to　one　of　four　hundred　　and　one　in　cases　above　that　value。　No　laws　or　pleadings　or　evidence　may　be　used　except　those　which　were　adduced　before　the　Arbitrator；　and　have　been　enclosed　in　the　urns。　　　The　Arbitrators　are　persons　in　the　sixtieth　year　of　their　age；　this　appears　from　the　schedule　of　the　Archons　and　the　Eponymi。　There　are　two　classes　of　Eponymi；　the　ten　who　give　their　names　to　the　tribes；　and　the　forty…two　of　the　years　of　service。　The　youths；　on　being　enrolled　among　the　citizens；　were　formerly　registered　upon　whitened　tablets；　and　the　names　were　appended　of　the　Archon　in　whose　year　they　were　enrolled；　and　of　the　Eponymus　who　had　been　in　　course　in　the　preceding　year；　at　the　present　day　they　are　written　on　a　bronze　pillar；　which　stands　in　front　of　the　Council…chamber；　near　　the　Eponymi　of　the　tribes。　Then　the　Forty　take　the　last　of　the　Eponymi　of　the　years　of　service；　and　assign　the　arbitrations　to　the　persons　　belonging　to　that　year；　casting　lots　to　determine　which　arbitrations　each　shall　undertake；　and　every　one　is　compelled　to　carry　through　the　arbitrations　which　the　lot　assigns　to　him。　The　law　enacts　　that　any　one　who　does　not　serve　as　Arbitrator　when　he　has　arrived　at　the　necessary　age　shall　lose　his　civil　rights；　unless　he　happens　to　be　holding　some　other　office　during　that　year；　or　to　be　out　of　the　country。　These　are　the　only　persons　who　escape　the　duty。　Any　one　who　suffers　injustice　at　the　hands　of　the　Arbitrator　may　appeal　to　the　whole　board　of　Arbitrators；　and　if　they　find　the　magistrate　guilty；　the　law　enacts　that　he　shall　lose　his　civil　rights。　The　persons　thus　condemned　have；　however；　in　their　turn　an　appeal。　The　　Eponymi　are　also　used　in　reference　to　military　expeditions；　when　the　men　of　military　age　are　despatched　on　service；　a　notice　is　put　up　stating　　that　the　men　from　such…and　such　an　Archon　and　Eponymus　to　such…and　such　another　Archon　and　Eponymus　are　to　go　on　the　expedition。

Part　54

　　The　following　magistrates　also　are　elected　by　lot：　Five　Commissioners　of　Roads　（Hodopoei）；　who；　with　an　assigned　body　of　public　slaves；　are　required　to　keep　the　roads　in　order：　and　ten　Auditors；　with　ten　assistants；　to　whom　all　persons　who　have　held　any　office　must　give　in　their　accounts。　These　are　the　only　officers　who　audit　the　accounts　of　those　who　are　subject　to　examination；　and　who　bring　them　up　for　examination　before　the　law…courts。　If　they　detect　any　magistrate　in　embezzlement；　the　jury　condemn　him　for　　theft；　and　he　is　obliged　to　repay　tenfold　the　sum　he　is　declared　to　have　misappropriated。　If　they　charge　a　magistrate　with　accepting　　bribes　and　the　jury　convict　him；　they　fine　him　for　corruption；　and　this　sum　too　is　repaid　tenfold。　Or　if　they　convict　him　of　unfair　dealing；　he　is　fined　on　that　charge；　and　the　sum　assessed　is　paid　without　in