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rubaiyat of omar khayyam-第3部分

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a great opponent of Sufism;〃 perhaps because; while holding much of

their Doctrine; he would not pretend to any inconsistent severity of

morals。  Sir W。 Ouseley has written a note to something of the same

effect on the fly…leaf of the Bodleian MS。  And in two Rubaiyat of

Mons。 Nicolas' own Edition Suf and Sufi are both disparagingly named。



No doubt many of these Quatrains seem unaccountable unless mystically

interpreted; but many more as unaccountable unless literally。  Were

the Wine spiritual; for instance; how wash the Body with it when dead?

Why make cups of the dead clay to be filled with〃La Divinite;〃 by

some succeeding Mystic?  Mons。 Nicolas himself is puzzled by some

〃bizarres〃 and 〃trop Orientales〃 allusions and images〃d'une

sensualite quelquefois revoltante〃 indeedwhich 〃les convenances〃 do

not permit him to translate; but still which the reader cannot but

refer to 〃La Divinite。〃  No doubt also many of the Quatrains in the

Teheran; as in the Calcutta; Copies; are spurious; such Rubaiyat being

the common form of Epigram in Persia。  But this; at best; tells as

much one way as another; nay; the Sufi; who may be considered the

Scholar and Man of Letters in Persia; would be far more likely than

the careless Epicure to interpolate what favours his own view of the

Poet。  I observed that very few of the more mystical Quatrains are in

the Bodleian MS。; which must be one of the oldest; as dated at Shiraz;

A。H。 865; A。D。 1460。  And this; I think; especially distinguishes Omar

(I cannot help calling him by hisno; not Christianfamiliar name)

from all other Persian Poets: That; whereas with them the Poet is lost

in his Song; the Man in Allegory and Abstraction; we seem to have the

Manthe Bon…hommeOmar himself; with all his Humours and Passions;

as frankly before us as if we were really at Table with him; after the

Wine had gone round。



   A note to Quatrain 234 admits that; however clear the mystical

  meaning of such Images must be to Europeans; they are not quoted

  without 〃rougissant〃 even by laymen in Persia〃Quant aux termes de

  tendresse qui commencent ce quatrain; comme tant d'autres dans ce

  recueil; nos lecteurs; habitues maintenant a 1'etrangete des

  expressions si souvent employees par Kheyam pour rendre ses pensees

  sur l'amour divin; et a la singularite des images trop orientales;

  d'une sensualite quelquefois revoltante; n'auront pas de peine a se

  persuader qu'il s'agit de la Divinite; bien que cette conviction

  soit vivement discutee par les moullahs musulmans; et meme par

  beaucoup de laiques; qui rougissent veritablement d'une pareille

  licence de leur compatriote a 1'egard des choses spirituelles。〃



I must say that I; for one; never wholly believed in the Mysticism of

Hafiz。  It does not appear there was any danger in holding and singing

Sufi Pantheism; so long as the Poet made his Salaam to Mohammed at the

beginning and end of his Song。  Under such conditions Jelaluddin;

Jami; Attar; and others sang; using Wine and Beauty indeed as Images

to illustrate; not as a Mask to hide; the Divinity they were

celebrating。  Perhaps some Allegory less liable to mistake or abuse

had been better among so inflammable a People: much more so when; as

some think with Hafiz and Omar; the abstract is not only likened to;

but identified with; the sensual Image; hazardous; if not to the

Devotee himself; yet to his weaker Brethren; and worse for the Profane

in proportion as the Devotion of the Initiated grew warmer。  And all

for what?  To be tantalized with Images of sensual enjoyment which

must be renounced if one would approximate a God; who according to the

Doctrine; is Sensual Matter as well as Spirit; and into whose Universe

one expects unconsciously to merge after Death; without hope of any

posthumous Beatitude in another world to compensate for all one's self…

denial in this。  Lucretius' blind Divinity certainly merited; and

probably got; as much self…sacrifice as this of the Sufi; and the

burden of Omar's Songif not 〃Let us eat〃is assuredly〃Let us

drink; for To…morrow we die!〃  And if Hafiz meant quite otherwise by a

similar language; he surely miscalculated when he devoted his Life and

Genius to so equivocal a Psalmody as; from his Day to this; has been

said and sung by any rather than spiritual Worshippers。



However; as there is some traditional presumption; and certainly the

opinion of some learned men; in favour of Omar's being a Sufiand

even something of a Saintthose who please may so interpret his Wine

and Cup…bearer。  On the other hand; as there is far more historical

certainty of his being a Philosopher; of scientific Insight and

Ability far beyond that of the Age and Country he lived in; of such

moderate worldly Ambition as becomes a Philosopher; and such moderate

wants as rarely satisfy a Debauchee; other readers may be content to

believe with me that; while the Wine Omar celebrates is simply the

Juice of the Grape; he bragg'd more than he drank of it; in very

defiance perhaps of that Spiritual Wine which left its Votaries sunk

in Hypocrisy or Disgust。



Edward J。 Fitzgerald











First Edition









I。



 Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night

 Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to Flight:

   And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught

 The Sultan's Turret in a Noose of Light。





II。



 Dreaming when Dawn's Left Hand was in the Sky

 I heard a Voice within the Tavern cry;

   〃Awake; my Little ones; and fill the Cup

 Before Life's Liquor in its Cup be dry。〃





III。



 And; as the Cock crew; those who stood before

 The Tavern shouted〃Open then the Door。

   You know how little while we have to stay;

 And; once departed; may return no more。〃





IV。



 Now the New Year reviving old Desires;

 The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires;

   Where the WHITE HAND OF MOSES on the Bough

 Puts out; and Jesus from the Ground suspires。





V。



 Iram indeed is gone with all its Rose;

 And Jamshyd's Sev'n…ring'd Cup where no one knows;

   But still the Vine her ancient Ruby yields;

 And still a Garden by the Water blows。





VI。



 And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine

 High piping Pelevi; with 〃Wine!  Wine!  Wine!

   Red Wine!〃the Nightingale cries to the Rose

 That yellow Cheek of hers to'incarnadine。





VII。



 Come; fill the Cup; and in the Fire of Spring

 The Winter Garment of Repentance fling:

   The Bird of Time has but a little way

 To flyand Lo! the Bird is on the Wing。





VIII。



 And looka thousand Blossoms with the Day

 Wokeand a thousand scatter'd into Clay:

   And this first Summer Month that brings the Rose

 Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobad away。





IX。



 But come with old Khayyam; and leave the Lot

 Of Kaikobad and Kaikhosru forgot:

   Let Rustum lay about him as he will;

 Or Hatim Tai cry Supperheed them not。





X。



 With me along some Strip of Herbage strown

 That just divides the desert from the sown;

   Where name of Slave and Sultan scarce is known;

 And pity Sultan Mahmud on his Throne。





XI。



 Here with a Loaf of Bread beneath the Bough;

 A Flask of Wine; a Book of Verseand Thou

   Beside me singing in the Wilderness

 And Wilderness is Paradise enow。





XII。



 〃How sweet is mortal Sovranty!〃think some:

 Others〃How blest the Paradise to come!〃

   Ah; take the Cash in hand and waive the Rest;

 Oh; the brave Music of a distant Drum!





XIII。



 Look to the Rose that blows about us〃Lo;

 Laughing;〃 she says; 〃into the World I blow:

   At once the silken Tassel of my Purse

 Tear; and its Treasure on the Garden throw。〃





XIV。



 The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon

 Turns Ashesor it prospers; and anon;

   Like Snow upon the Desert's dusty Face

 Lighting a little Hour or twois gone。





XV。



 And those who husbanded the Golden Grain;

 And those who flung it to the Winds like Rain;

   Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn'd

 As; buried once; Men want dug up again。





XVI。



 Think; in this batter'd Caravanserai

 Whose Doorways are alternate Night and Day;

   How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp

 Abode his Hour or two; and went his way。





XVII。



 They say the Lion and the Lizard keep

 The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep:

   And Bahram; that great Hunterthe Wild Ass

 Stamps o'er his Head; and he lies fast asleep。





XVIII。



 I sometimes think that never blows so red

 The Rose as where some buried Caesar bled;

   That every Hyacinth the Garden wears

 Dropt in its Lap from some once lovely Head。





XIX。



 And this delightful Herb whose tender Green

 Fledges the River's Lip on which we lean

   Ah; lean upon it lightly! for who knows

 From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!





XX。



 Ah! my Beloved; fill the Cup that clears

 TO…DAY of past Regrets and future Fears…

   To…morrow?Why; To…morrow I may be

 Myself with Yesterday's Sev'n Thousand Years。





XXI。



 Lo! some we loved; the loveliest and the best

 That Time and Fate of all their Vintage prest;

   Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before;

 And one by one crept silently to Rest。





XXII。



 And we; that now make merry in the Room

 They left; and Summer dresses in new Bloom;

   Ourselves must we beneath the Couch of Earth

 Descend; ourselves to make a Couchfor whom?





XXIII。



 Ah; make the most of what we yet may spend;

 Before we too into the Dust Descend;

   Dust into Dust; and under Dust; to lie;

 Sans Wine; sans Song; sans Singer andsans End!





XXIV。



 Alike for those who for TO…DAY prepare;

 And those that after a TO…MORROW stare;

   A Muezzin from the Tower of Darkness cries

 〃Fools! your Reward is neither Here nor There。〃





XXV。


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