memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v10-第9部分

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　　　　　would　have　done　better　had　he　advised　them　to　wait　patiently　until
　　　　　the　gates　were　opened；　and　he　might；　I　think；　have　gone　to　the
　　　　　Commandant　or　the　General　to　solicit　that　concession。

　　　　　Whenever　an　irritated　mob　resorts　to　violence　there　is　no　safety　for
　　　　　any　one。　　The　protecting　power　mast　then　exert　its　utmost　authority
　　　　　to　stop　mischief。　　The　Senate　of　ancient　Rome；　so　jealous　of　its
　　　　　prerogatives；　assigned　to　a　Dictator；　in　times　of　trouble；　the　power
　　　　　of　life　and　death；　and　that　magistrate　knew　no　other　code　than　his
　　　　　own　will　and　the　axe　of　his　lictors。　　The　ordinary　laws　did　not
　　　　　resume　their　course　until　the　people　returned　to　submission。

　　　　　The　event　which　took　place　in　Hamburg　produced　a　feeling　of
　　　　　agitation　of　which　evil…disposed　persons　might　take　advantage　to
　　　　　stir　up　open　insurrection。　　That　feeling　could　only　be　repressed　by
　　　　　a　severe　tribunal；　which；　however；　is　no　longer　necessary。　　General
　　　　　Dupas　has；　accordingly；　received　orders　to　dissolve　it；　and　justice
　　　　　will　resume　her　usual　course。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　J。　BERNADOTTE
　　　　　DENSEL；　4th　May；　1808。


When　Bernadotte　returned　to　Hamburg　he　sent。　　Dupas　to　Lubeck。　　That
city；　which　was　poorer　than　Hamburg；　suffered　cruelly　from　the　visitation
of　such　a　guest。

Dupas　levied　all　his　exactions　in　kind；　and　indignantly　spurned　every
offer　of　accepting　money；　the　very　idea　of　which；　he　said；　shocked　his
delicacy　of　feeling。　　But　his　demands　became　so　extravagant　that　the　city
of　Lubeck　was　utterly　unable　to　satisfy　them。　　Besides　his　table；　which
was　provided　in　the　same　style　of　profusion　as　at　Hamburg；　he　required　to
be　furnished　with　plate；　linen；　wood；　and　candles；　in　short；　with　the
most　trivial　articles　of　household　consumption。

The　Senate　deputed　to　the　incorruptible　General　Dupas　M。　Nolting；　a
venerable　old　man；　who　mildly　represented　to　him　the　abuses　which　were
everywhere　committed　in　his　name；　and　entreated　that　he　would　vouchsafe
to　accept　twenty　Louis　a　day　to　defray　the　expenses　of　his　table　alone。
At　this　proposition　General　Dupes　flew　into　a　rage。　　To　offer　him　money
was　an　insult　not　to　be　endured！　　He　furiously　drove　the　terrified
Senator　out　of　the　house；　and　at　once　ordered　his　'aide　de　camp'　Barrel
to　imprison　him。　　M。　de　Barrel；　startled　at　this　extraordinary　order；
ventured　to　remonstrate　with　the　General；　but　in　vain；　and；　though
against　his　heart；　he　was　obliged　to　obey。　　The　aide　de　camp　accordingly
waited　upon　the　Senator　Notting；　and　overcome　by　that　feeling　of　respect
which　gray　hairs　involuntarily　inspire　in　youth；　instead　of　arresting
him；　he　besought　the　old　man　not　to　leave　his　house　until　he　should
prevail　on　the　General　to　retract　his　orders。　　It　was　not　till　the
following　day　that　M。　de　Barrel　succeeded　in　getting　these　orders
revokedthat　is　to　say；　he　obtained　M。　Notting's　release　from
confinement；　for　Dupas　would　not　be　satisfied　until　he　heard　that　the
Senator　had　suffered　at　least　the　commencement　of　the　punishment　to　which
his　capricious　fury　had　doomed　him。

In　spite　of　his　parade　of　disinterestedness　General　Dupas　yielded　so　far
as　to　accept　the　twenty　Louis　a　day　for　the　expense　of　his　table　which
M。　Notting　had　offered　him　on　the　part　of　the　Senate　of　Lubeck；　but　it
was　not　without　murmurings；　complaints；　and　menaces　that　he　made　this
generous　concession；　and　he　exclaimed　more　than　once；　〃These　fellows　have
portioned　out　my　allowance　for　me。〃　　Lubeck　was　not　released　from　the
presence　of　General　Dupes　until　the　month　of　March　1809；　when　he　was
summoned　to　command　a　division　in　the　Emperor's　new　campaign　against
Austria。　　Strange　as　it　may　appear；　it　is　nevertheless　the　fact；　that；
oppressive　as　had　been　his　presence　at　Lubeck；　the　Hanse　Towns　soon　had
reason　to　regret　him。




CHAPTER　XV。

1808。

　　　　　Promulgation　of　the　Code　of　CommerceConquests　by　Status…consulte
　　　　　Three　events　in　one　dayRecollectionsApplication　of　a　line　of
　　　　　VoltaireCreation　of　the　Imperial　nobilityRestoration　of　the
　　　　　universityAggrandisement　of　the　kingdom　of　Italy　at　the　expense　of
　　　　　RomeCardinal　Caprara'a　departure　from　ParisThe　interview　at
　　　　　Erfurt。

The　year　1808　was　fertile　in　remarkable　events。　　Occupied　as　I　was　with
my　own　duties；　I　yet　employed　my　leisure　hours　in　observing　the　course　of
those　great　acts　by　which　Bonaparte　seemed　determined　to　mark　every　day
of　his　life。　　At　the　commencement　of　1808　I　received　one　of　the　first
copies　of　the　Code　of　Commerce；　promulgated　on　the　1st　of　January　by　the
Emperor's　order。　　This　code　appeared　to　me　an　act　of　mockery；　at　least　it
was　extraordinary　to　publish　a　code　respecting　a　subject　which　it　was　the
effect　of　all　the　Imperial　decrees　to　destroy。　　What　trade　could　possibly
exist　under　the　Continental　system；　and　the　ruinous　severity　of　the
customs？　　The　line　was　already　extended　widely　enough　when；　by　a
'Senatus…consulte'；　it　was　still　further　widened。　　The　Emperor；　to　whom
all　the　Continent　submitted；　had　recourse　to　no　other　formality　for　the
purpose　of　annexing　to　the　Empire　the　towns　of　Kehl；　Cassel　near　Mayence；
Wesel；　and　Flushing；　with　the　territories　depending　on　them。

　　　　　＇A　resolution　of　the　senate；　or　a　〃Senatus…consulte〃　was　the　means
　　　　　invented　by　Napoleon　for　altering　the　imperial　Constitutions；　and
　　　　　even　the　extent　of　the　Empire。　　By　one　of　these；　dated　21st　January
　　　　　1808；　the　towns　of　Kehl；　Cassel；　and　Wesel；　with　Flushing；　all
　　　　　already　seized；　were　definitely　united　to　France。　　The　loss　of
　　　　　Wesel；　which　belonged　to　Murat's　Grand　Duchy　of　Berg；　was　a　very
　　　　　sore　point　with　Murat。＇

These　conquests；　gained　by　decrees　and　senatorial　decisions；　had　at　least
the　advantage　of　being　effected　without　bloodshed。　　All　these　things　were
carefully　communicated　to　me　by　the　Ministers　with　whom　I　corresponded；
for　my　situation　at　Hamburg　had　acquired　such　importance　that　it　was
necessary　I　should　know　everything。

At　this　period　I　observed　among　the　news　which　I　received　from　different
places　a　singular　coincidence　of　dates；　worthy　of　being　noted　by　the
authors　of　ephemrides。　　On　the　same　day…namely；　the　1st　of　February
Paris；　Lisbon；　and　Rome　were　the　scenes　of　events　of　different　kinds；
but；　as　they　all　happened　on　one　day；　affording　a　striking　example　of　the
rapidity　of　movement　which　marked　the　reign　of　Bonaparte。　　At　Paris　the
niece　of　Josephine；　Mademoiselle　de　Tascher；　whom　Napoleon　had　lately
exalted　to　the　rank　of　Princess；　was　married　to　the　reigning　Prince　of
Ahremberg；　while　at　the　same　time　Junot　declared　to　Portugal　that　the
house　of　Braganza　had　ceased　to　reign；　and　French　troops　were；　under　the
command　of　General　Miollis；　occupying　Rome。　　This　occupation　was　the
commencement　of　prolonged　struggles；　during　which　Pins　VII。　expiated　the
condescension　he　had　shown　in　going　to　Paris　to　crown　Napoleon。

Looking　over　my　notes；　I　see　it　was　the　day　after　these　three　events
occurred　that　Bonaparte　gave　to　his　brother…in…law；　Prince　Borghese；　the
Governorship…General　of　the　departments　beyond　the　Alps　which　he　had　just
founded；　and　of　which　he　made　the　eighth　Grand　Dignitary　of　the　Empire。
General　Menou；　whom　I　had　not　seen　since　Egypt；　was　obliged　by　this
appointment　to　leave　Turin；　where　he　had　always　remained。　　Bonaparte；　not
wishing　to　permit　him　to　come　to　Paris；　sent　Menou　to　preside　over　the
Junta　of　Tuscany；　of　which　he　soon　afterwards　made　another　General…
Governorship；　which　he　entrusted　to　the　care　of　his　sister　Elisa。

　　　　　＇Prince　Camille　Philippe　Louis　Borghese　（1755…1832）；　an　Italian；
　　　　　had　married；　6th　November　1808；　Pauline　Bonaparte；　the　sister　of
　　　　　Napoleon；　and　the　widow　of　General　Leclerc。　　He　had　been　made　Prince
　　　　　and　Duke　of　Guastalla　when　that　duchy　was　given　to　his　wife；　30th
　　　　　Marsh　1806。　　He　separated　from　his　wife　after　a　few　years。　　Indeed
　　　　　Pauline　was　impossible　as　a　wife　if　half　of　the　stories　about　her
　　　　　are　true。　　It　was　she　who；　finding　that　a　lady　was　surprised　at　her
　　　　　having　sat　naked　while　a　statue　of　her　was　being　modelled　for
　　　　　Canova；　believed　she　had　satisfactorily　explained　matters　by　saying；
　　　　　〃but　there　was　a　fire　in　the　room。〃＇

My　correspondence　relative　to　what　passed　in　the　south　of　France　and　of
Europe　presented　to　me；　if　I　may　so　express　myself；　merely　an　anecdotal
interest。　　Not　so　the　news　which　came　from　the　north。　　At　Hamburg　I　was
like　the　sentinel　of　an　advanced　post；　always　on　the　alert。　　I　frequently
informed　the　Government　of　what　would　take　place　before　the　event
actually　happened。　　I　was　one　of　the　first　to　hear　of　the　plans　of　Russia
relative　to　Sweden。　　The　courier　whom　I　sent　to　Paris　arrived　there　at
the　very　moment　when　Russia　made　the　declaration　of　war。　　About　the　end
of　February　the　Russian　troops　entered　Swedish　Finland；　and　occupied　also
the　capital　of　that　province；　which　had　at　all　times　been　coveted　by　the
Russian　Government。　　It　has　been　said　that　at　the　interview　at　Erfurt
Bonaparte　consented　to　the　usurpation　of　that　province　by　Alexander　in
return　for　the　complaisance　of　the　latter　in　acknowledging　Joseph　as　King
of　Spain　and　the　Indies。

The　removal　of　Joseph　from　the　throne　of　Naples　to　the　throne　of　Madrid
belongs；　indeed；　to　that　period　respecting　which　I　am　now　throwing
together　a　few　recollections。　　Murat　had　succeeded　Joseph　at　Naples；　and
this　accession　of　the　brother…in…law　of　Napoleon　to　one　of　the　thrones　of
the　House　of　Bourbon　gave　Bonaparte　another　junior　in　the　college　of
kings；　of　which　he　would　have　infallibly　become　the　senior　if　he　had　gone
on　as　he　began。

I　will　relate　a　little　circumstance　which　now　occurs　to　me　respecting　the
kings　manufactured　by　Napoleon。　　I　recollect　that　during　the　King　of
Etruria's　stay　in　Paristhe　First　Consul　went　with　that　Prince　to　the
Comedie　Francaise；　where　Voltaire's　'OEdipus'　was　performed。　　This　piece；
I　may　observe；　Bonaparte　liked　better　than　anything　Voltaire　ever　wrote。
I　was　in　the　theatre；　but　not　in　the　First　Consul's　box；　and　I　observed；
as　all　present　must　have　done；　the　eagerness　with　which　the　audience
applied　to　Napoleon　and　the　Ki