ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

theologico-political treatise p4(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿4)-µÚ14²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡



applied¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡justice¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡charity¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡¡¡religion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡follows¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨as¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡

asserted£©¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡kingdom¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡exist¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

means¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡powers£»¡¡nor¡¡does¡¡it¡¡make¡¡any¡¡difference¡¡whether¡¡

religion¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡apprehended¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡faculties¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡revelation£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

argument¡¡is¡¡sound¡¡in¡¡both¡¡cases£»¡¡inasmuch¡¡as¡¡religion¡¡is¡¡one¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡equally¡¡¡¡¡¡revealed¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whatever¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡manner¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡

becomes¡¡known¡¡to¡¡men¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º20£©¡¡Thus£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡the¡¡religion¡¡revealed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡prophets¡¡might¡¡

have¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡law¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Jews£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡necessary¡¡that¡¡every¡¡man¡¡of¡¡

them¡¡should¡¡yield¡¡up¡¡his¡¡natural¡¡right£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡all¡¡should£»¡¡with¡¡one¡¡accord£»¡¡

agree¡¡that¡¡they¡¡would¡¡only¡¡obey¡¡such¡¡commands¡¡as¡¡God¡¡should¡¡reveal¡¡to¡¡

them¡¡through¡¡the¡¡prophets¡£¡¡£¨21£©¡¡Just¡¡as¡¡we¡¡have¡¡shown¡¡to¡¡take¡¡place¡¡in¡¡a¡¡

democracy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡consent¡¡¡¡¡¡agree¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡live¡¡¡¡¡¡according¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

dictates¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡reason¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨22£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Although¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Hebrews¡¡¡¡¡¡furthermore¡¡¡¡¡¡transferred¡¡

their¡¡right¡¡to¡¡God£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡able¡¡to¡¡do¡¡so¡¡rather¡¡in¡¡theory¡¡than¡¡in¡¡practice£»¡¡

for£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡fact¡¡£¨as¡¡we¡¡pointed¡¡out¡¡above£©¡¡they¡¡absolutely¡¡retained¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡right¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡dominion¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡transferred¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Moses£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡turn¡¡

became¡¡absolute¡¡king£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡only¡¡through¡¡him¡¡that¡¡God¡¡reigned¡¡

over¡¡the¡¡Hebrews¡£¡¡£¨23£©¡¡For¡¡this¡¡reason¡¡£¨namely£»¡¡that¡¡religion¡¡only¡¡acquires¡¡

the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡law¡¡by¡¡means¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡power£©¡¡Moses¡¡was¡¡not¡¡able¡¡to¡¡

punish¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡covenant£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡consequently¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

possession¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡rights£»¡¡¡¡¡¡violated¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Sabbath¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Exod¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡xvi£º27£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡

able¡¡to¡¡do¡¡so¡¡after¡¡the¡¡covenant¡¡£¨Numb¡£¡¡xv£º36£©£»¡¡because¡¡everyone¡¡had¡¡then¡¡

yielded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rights£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ordinance¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Sabbath¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡

received¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡law¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º24£©¡¡Lastly£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡same¡¡reason£»¡¡after¡¡the¡¡destruction¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hebrew¡¡

dominion£»¡¡revealed¡¡religion¡¡ceased¡¡to¡¡have¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡law£»¡¡for¡¡we¡¡cannot¡¡

doubt¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Jews¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡transferred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡right¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Babylon£»¡¡the¡¡kingdom¡¡of¡¡God¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡right¡¡forthwith¡¡ceased¡£¡¡£¨25£©¡¡

For¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡covenant¡¡¡¡¡¡wherewith¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡promised¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡utterances¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

God¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡abrogated£»¡¡¡¡¡¡God's¡¡¡¡¡¡kingdom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡based¡¡¡¡¡¡thereupon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡

ceased¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨26£©¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡Hebrews¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡¡¡¡¡abide¡¡¡¡¡¡thereby£»¡¡¡¡¡¡inasmuch¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡48¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡49¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



their¡¡rights¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡belonged¡¡to¡¡them¡¡but¡¡to¡¡the¡¡king¡¡of¡¡Babylon£»¡¡whom¡¡

£¨as¡¡we¡¡showed¡¡in¡¡Chapter¡¡XVI¡££©¡¡they¡¡were¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡obey¡¡in¡¡all¡¡things¡£¡¡£¨27£©¡¡

Jeremiah¡¡£¨chap¡£¡¡xxix£º7£©¡¡expressly¡¡admonishes¡¡them¡¡of¡¡this¡¡fact£º¡¡¡¨And¡¡seek¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡peace¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡city£»¡¡¡¡whither¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡caused¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡carried¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡

captives£»¡¡and¡¡pray¡¡unto¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Lord¡¡for¡¡it£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡the¡¡peace¡¡thereof¡¡shall¡¡¡¡¡¡ye¡¡

have¡¡peace¡£¡¨¡¡£¨28£©¡¡Now£»¡¡they¡¡could¡¡not¡¡seek¡¡the¡¡peace¡¡of¡¡the¡¡City¡¡as¡¡having¡¡

a¡¡share¡¡in¡¡its¡¡government£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡as¡¡slaves£»¡¡being£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡were£»¡¡captives£»¡¡

by¡¡¡¡¡¡obedience¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡things£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡view¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡avoiding¡¡¡¡¡¡seditions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

observing¡¡all¡¡the¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country£»¡¡however¡¡different¡¡from¡¡their¡¡own¡£¡¡

£¨29£©¡¡It¡¡is¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡abundantly¡¡evident¡¡that¡¡religion¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡the¡¡¡¡Hebrews¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡

acquired¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡law¡¡through¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡rule£»¡¡when¡¡that¡¡

rule¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡destroyed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡received¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

particular¡¡kingdom£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡as¡¡the¡¡universal¡¡precept¡¡of¡¡reason¡£¡¡£¨30£©¡¡I¡¡say¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reason£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡universal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡religion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

revelation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨31£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡draw¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conclusion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡

religion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡revealed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡faculties¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡

prophets£»¡¡receives¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡a¡¡command¡¡solely¡¡through¡¡the¡¡decrees¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡holders¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereign¡¡¡¡¡¡power£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡further£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡special¡¡

kingdom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡men£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡reigns¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡earthly¡¡

potentates¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º32£©¡¡We¡¡may¡¡now¡¡see¡¡in¡¡a¡¡clearer¡¡light¡¡what¡¡was¡¡stated¡¡in¡¡Chapter¡¡

IV¡££»¡¡namely£»¡¡that¡¡all¡¡the¡¡decrees¡¡of¡¡God¡¡involve¡¡eternal¡¡truth¡¡and¡¡necessity£»¡¡

so¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡conceive¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡prince¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡legislator¡¡¡¡¡¡giving¡¡¡¡¡¡laws¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

mankind¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨33£©¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡reason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Divine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡precepts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡revealed¡¡

through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡faculties£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡prophets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡receive¡¡

immediately¡¡from¡¡¡¡God¡¡the¡¡force¡¡of¡¡a¡¡command£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡from¡¡those£»¡¡or¡¡

through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡mediation¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡those£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡possess¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡right¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡ruling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

legislating¡£¡¡£¨34£©¡¡It¡¡is¡¡only¡¡through¡¡these¡¡latter¡¡means¡¡that¡¡God¡¡rules¡¡among¡¡

men£»¡¡and¡¡directs¡¡human¡¡affairs¡¡with¡¡justice¡¡and¡¡equity¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º35£©¡¡This¡¡conclusion¡¡is¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡experience£»¡¡for¡¡we¡¡find¡¡traces¡¡

of¡¡Divine¡¡justice¡¡only¡¡in¡¡places¡¡where¡¡just¡¡men¡¡bear¡¡sway£»¡¡elsewhere¡¡the¡¡

same¡¡lot¡¡£¨to¡¡repeat£»¡¡again¡¡Solomon's¡¡words£©¡¡befalls¡¡the¡¡just¡¡and¡¡the¡¡unjust£»¡¡

the¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡the¡¡impure£º¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡things¡¡which¡¡causes¡¡Divine¡¡Providence¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡doubted¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡¡¡immediately¡¡¡¡¡¡reigns¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡49¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡50¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



men£»¡¡and¡¡directs¡¡all¡¡nature¡¡for¡¡their¡¡benefit¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§19£º3£§¡¡£¨36£©¡¡As£»¡¡then£»¡¡both¡¡reason¡¡and¡¡experience¡¡tell¡¡us¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Divine¡¡

right¡¡is¡¡entirely¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡decrees¡¡of¡¡secular¡¡rulers£»¡¡it¡¡follows¡¡that¡¡

secular¡¡rulers¡¡are¡¡its¡¡proper¡¡interpreters¡£¡¡£¨37£©¡¡How¡¡this¡¡is¡¡so¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡now¡¡

see£»¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡time¡¡to¡¡show¡¡that¡¡the¡¡outward¡¡observances¡¡of¡¡religion£»¡¡and¡¡all¡¡

the¡¡external¡¡practices¡¡of¡¡piety¡¡should¡¡be¡¡brought¡¡into¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡

public¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡well¡­being¡¡if¡¡we¡¡would¡¡obey¡¡God¡¡rightly¡£¡¡£¨38£©¡¡When¡¡this¡¡

has¡¡been¡¡shown¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡easily¡¡understand¡¡how¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡rulers¡¡are¡¡

the¡¡proper¡¡interpreters¡¡of¡¡religion¡¡and¡¡piety¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º39£©¡¡It¡¡is¡¡certain¡¡that¡¡duties¡¡towards¡¡one's¡¡country¡¡are¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡

that¡¡man¡¡can¡¡fulfil£»¡¡for£»¡¡if¡¡government¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡away£»¡¡no¡¡good¡¡thing¡¡can¡¡

last£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡falls¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡dispute£»¡¡¡¡¡¡anger¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡anarchy¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reign¡¡¡¡¡¡unchecked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡amid¡¡

universal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fear¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨40£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Consequently¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡duty¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡towards¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡

neighbour¡¡which¡¡would¡¡not¡¡become¡¡an¡¡offence¡¡if¡¡it¡¡involved¡¡injury¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

whole¡¡¡¡¡¡state£»¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡offence¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡duty¡¡¡¡¡¡towards¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡

neighbour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡anything¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡loyalty¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sake¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

preserving¡¡the¡¡state¡£¡¡£¨41£©¡¡For¡¡instance£º¡¡it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡my¡¡duty¡¡when¡¡

my¡¡neighbour¡¡quarrels¡¡with¡¡me¡¡and¡¡wishes¡¡to¡¡take¡¡my¡¡cloak£»¡¡to¡¡give¡¡him¡¡

my¡¡¡¡¡¡coat¡¡¡¡¡¡also£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡conduct¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡hurtful¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

maintenance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡I¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡him¡¡to¡¡trial£»¡¡even¡¡at¡¡the¡¡risk¡¡of¡¡

his¡¡being¡¡condemned¡¡to¡¡death¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º42£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡reason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Manlius¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Torquatus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡honour£»¡¡

inasmuch¡¡as¡¡the¡¡public¡¡welfare¡¡outweighed¡¡with¡¡him¡¡his¡¡duty¡¡towards¡¡his¡¡

children¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨43£©¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡so£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡follows¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡welfare¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

sovereign¡¡law¡¡to¡¡which¡¡all¡¡others£»¡¡Divine¡¡and¡¡human£»¡¡should¡¡be¡¡made¡¡to¡¡

conform¡£¡¡£¨44£©¡¡Now£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡function¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡only¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡what¡¡

is¡¡necessary¡¡for¡¡the¡¡public¡¡welfare¡¡and¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡give¡¡

orders¡¡accordingly£»¡¡therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡also¡¡the¡¡function¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡only¡¡to¡¡

decide¡¡the¡¡limits¡¡of¡¡our¡¡duty¡¡towards¡¡our¡¡neighbour¡¡¡­¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡to¡¡

determine¡¡how¡¡we¡¡should¡¡obey¡¡God¡£¡¡£¨45£©¡¡We¡¡can¡¡now¡¡clearly¡¡understand¡¡

how¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡sovereign¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡interpreter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡religion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡further£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡

can¡¡obey¡¡God¡¡rightly£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡practices¡¡of¡¡his¡¡piety¡¡do¡¡not¡¡conform¡¡to¡¡the¡¡

public¡¡¡¡¡¡welfare£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or£»¡¡¡¡¡¡consequently£»¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡implicitly¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

commands¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡£¡¡£¨46£©¡¡For¡¡as¡¡by¡¡God's¡¡command¡¡we¡¡are¡¡bound¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡50¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡51¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



to¡¡do¡¡our¡¡duty¡¡to¡¡all¡¡men¡¡without¡¡exception£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡do¡¡no¡¡man¡¡an¡¡injury£»¡¡

we¡¡are¡¡also¡¡bound¡¡not¡¡to¡¡help¡¡one¡¡man¡¡at¡¡another's¡¡loss£»¡¡still¡¡less¡¡at¡¡a¡¡loss¡¡

to¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡state¡£¡¡£¨47£©¡¡Now£»¡¡no¡¡private¡¡citizen¡¡can¡¡know¡¡what¡¡is¡¡good¡¡for¡¡

the¡¡state£»¡¡except¡¡he¡¡learn¡¡it¡¡through¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡power£»¡¡who¡¡alone¡¡has¡¡

the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡transact¡¡public¡¡business£º¡¡therefore¡¡no¡¡one¡¡can¡¡rightly¡¡practise¡¡

piety¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡obedience¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡God£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unless¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡obey¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereign¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡power's¡¡

commands¡¡in¡¡all¡¡things¡£¡¡£¨48£©¡¡This¡¡proposition¡¡is¡¡confirmed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡of¡¡

experience¡£¡¡£¨49£©¡¡For¡¡if¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡adjudge¡¡a¡¡man¡¡to¡¡be¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡death¡¡

or¡¡an¡¡enemy£»¡¡whether¡¡he¡¡be¡¡a¡¡citizen¡¡or¡¡a¡¡foreigner£»¡¡a¡¡private¡¡individual¡¡or¡¡

a¡¡separate¡¡ruler£»¡¡no¡¡subject¡¡is¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡give¡¡him¡¡assistance¡£¡¡£¨50£©¡¡So¡¡also¡¡

though¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Jews¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡bidden¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡love¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡fellow¡­citizens¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡

£¨Levit¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡xix£º17£»¡¡¡¡¡¡18£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nevertheless¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bound£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡offended¡¡

against¡¡the¡¡law£»¡¡to¡¡point¡¡him¡¡out¡¡to¡¡the¡¡judge¡¡£¨Levit¡£¡¡v£º1£»¡¡and¡¡Deut¡£¡¡xiii£º8£»¡¡

9£©£»¡¡and£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡should¡¡be¡¡condemned¡¡to¡¡death£»¡¡to¡¡slay¡¡him¡¡£¨Deut¡£¡¡xvii£º7£©¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨19£º51£©¡¡Further£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Hebrews¡¡might¡¡preserve¡¡the¡¡liberty¡¡

they¡¡had¡¡gained£»¡¡and¡¡might¡¡retain¡¡absolute¡¡sway¡¡over¡¡the¡¡territory¡¡they¡¡had¡¡

conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡showed¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡XVII¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

religion¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡adapted¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡particular¡¡¡¡¡¡government£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡

should¡¡separate¡¡themselves¡¡from¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nations£º¡¡wherefore¡¡it¡¡was¡¡

commanded¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡¡¨
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡