the apology-第2部分

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＇23＇　Delphi。







＇24＇　Or；　〃the　objects　that　meet　us。〃　See　Prof。　Jebb　ad　Theophr。　〃Ch。〃



　　　　xxviii。　5。







As　they　listened　to　these　words　the　judges　murmured　their　dissent；



some　as　disbelieving　what　was　said；　and　others　out　of　simple　envy　that



Socrates　should　actually　receive　from　heaven　more　than　they



themselves；　whereupon　Socrates　returned　to　the　charge。　〃Come；〃　he



said；　〃lend　me　your　ears　while　I　tell　you　something　more；　so　that



those　of　you　who　choose　may　go　to　a　still　greater　length　in　refusing



to　believe　that　I　am　thus　highly　honoured　by　the　divine　powers。



Chaerephon＇25＇　once；　in　the　presence　of　many　witnesses；　put　a　question



at　Delhi　concerning　me；　and　Apollo　answered　that　there　was　no　human



being　more　liberal；　or　more　upright；　or　more　temperate　than　myself。〃



And　when　once　more　on　hearing　these　words　the　judges　gave　vent；　as　was



only　natural；　to　a　fiercer　murmur　of　dissent；　Socrates　once　again



spoke：　〃Yet；　sirs；　they　were　still　greater　words　which　the　god　spake



in　oracle　concerning　Lycurgus；＇26＇　the　great　lawgiver　of　Lacedaemon；



than　those　concerning　me。　It　is　said　that　as　he　entered　the　temple　the



god　addressed　him　with　the　words：　'I　am　considering　whether　to　call



thee　god　or　man。'　Me　he　likened　not　indeed　to　a　god；　but　in



excellence＇27＇　preferred　me　far　beyond　other　men。〃







＇25＇　L。　Dindorf　cf。　Athen。　v。　218　E；　Hermesianax　ap。　Athen。　xiii。　599



　　　　A；　Liban。　vol。　iii。　pp。　34；　35；　Plat。　〃Apol。〃　21　A；　Paus。　i。　22。



　　　　8；　Schol。　ad　Aristoph。　〃Clouds；〃　144；　Grote；　〃H。　G。〃　viii。　567



　　　　foll。







＇26＇　See　Herod。　i。　65：







　　　　　　　　｛ekeis；　o　Lukoorge；　emon　pori　piona　neon；



　　　　　　　　Zeni　philos　kai　pasin　'Olumpia　domat'　ekhousi



　　　　　　　　dizo　e　se　theon　manteusomai　e　anthropon。



　　　　　　　　all'　eti　kai　mallon　theon　elpomai；　o　Lukoorge。｝







　　　　Cf。　Plut。　〃Lyc。〃　5　（Clough；　i。　89）。







＇27＇　Or；　〃gave　judgment　beforehand　that　I　far　excelled。〃







〃Still　I　would　not　have　you　accept　this　even　on　the　faith　of　the　god



too　rashly；　rather　I　would　have　you　investigate；　point　by　point；　what



the　god　has　said。　I　ask　you；　is　there　any　one＇28＇　else；　you　know　of；



less　enslaved　than　myself　to　the　appetites＇29＇　of　the　body？　Can　you



name　another　man　of　more　independent　spirit　than　myself；　seeing　that　I



accept　from　no　one　either　gifts　or　pay？　Whom　have　you　any　right　to



believe　to　be　more　just＇30＇　than　one　so　suited　with　what　he　has；　that



the　things　of　others　excite　no　craving　in　him？＇31＇　Whom　would　one



reasonably　deem　wise；　rather　than　such　a　one　as　myself；　who；　from　the



moment　I　began　to　understand　things　spoken；＇32＇　have　never　omitted　to



inquire　into　and　learn　every　good　thing　in　my　power？　And　that　I



laboured　not　in　vain；　what　more　conclusive　evidence　than　the　fact　that



so　many　of　my　fellow…citizens　who　make　virtue　their　pursuit；　and　many



strangers　also；　choose　my　society　in　preference　to　that　of　others？＇33＇



And　how　are　we　to　explain　the　fact　that　though　all　know　well　enough



that　I　am　wholly　unable　to　repay　them　in　money；　so　many　are　eager　to



present　me　with　some　gift？＇34＇　And　what　do　you　make　of　thiswhile　no



one　dreams　of　dunning　me　for　benefits　conferred；　hosts　of　people



acknowledge　debts　of　gratitude　to　myself？　And　what　of　this；　that



during　the　siege；＇35＇　while　others　were　pitying　themselves＇36＇　I　lived



in　no　greater　straits　than　when　the　city　was　at　the　height　of　her



prosperity？　and　of　this；　that　while　others　provide　themselves　with



delicacies＇37＇　of　the　market　at　great　cost；　mine　are　the　dainties　of



the　soul　more　sweet　than　theirs；＇38＇　procured　without　expense？　If　in



all　I　have　said　about　myself　no　one　can　convict　me　of　lying；　is　it　not



obvious　that　the　praise　I　get　from　gods　and　men　is　justly　earned？　And



yet　in　spite　of　all；　Meletus；　you　will　have　it　that　by　such　habits　I



corrupt　the　young。　We　know；　I　fancy；　what　such　corrupting　influences



are；　and　perhaps　you　will　tell　us　if　you　know　of　any　one　who；　under　my



influence；　has　been　changed　from　a　religous　into　an　irreligious　man；



who；　from　being　sober…minded；　has　become　prodigal；　from　being　a



moderate　drinker　has　become　a　wine…bibber　and　a　drunkard；　from　being　a



lover　of　healthy　honest　toil　has　become　effeminate；　or　under　the



thrall　of　some　other　wicked　pleasure。〃







＇28＇　Lit。　〃whom　do　you　know；〃　and　so　throughout。







＇29＇　Cf。　Plat。　〃Phaed。〃　66　C。







＇30＇　Or；　〃so　attempered　and　adjusted。〃　The　phrase　savours　of　〃cynic。〃



　　　　theory。







＇31＇　Or；　〃present　no　temptation　to　him〃；　lit。　〃that　he　stands　in　no



　　　　further　need　of　what　belongs　to　his　neighbours。〃







＇32＇　｛ta　legomena｝；　〃the　meaning　of　words　and　the　force　of　argument。〃







＇33＇　｛ek　panton｝。　Cf。　Thuc。　i。　120；　｛osper　kai　en　allois　ek　panton



　　　　protimontai　（oi　egemones）｝；　〃as　they　（leaders）　are　first　in



　　　　honour；　they　should　be　first　in　the　fulfilment　of　their　duties〃



　　　　（Jowett）。







＇34＇　The　commentators　quote　Libanius；　〃Apol。〃　vol。　iii。　p。　39；　｛kai



　　　　dia　touto　ekalei　men　Eurulokhos　o　Kharistios；　ekalei　de　Skopas　k



　　　　Kranonios；　oukh　ekista　lontes；　upiskhnoumenoi｝。　Cf。　Diog。　Laert。



　　　　ii。　31；　｛Kharmidou　oiketas　auto　didontos；　in'　ap'　auton



　　　　prosodeuoito；　oukh　eileto｝。　Cf。　id。　65；　74。







＇35＇　See　〃Hell。〃　II。　ii。　10。







＇36＇　｛oikteirein　eautous｝。　See　L。　Dind。　ad　loc。　For　an　incident　in



　　　　point　see　〃Mem。〃　II。　vii。







＇37＇　Plat。　〃Rep。〃　iii。　404　D；　〃refinements　of　Attic　confectionery。〃







＇38＇　｛ek　tes　psukhes｝；　possibly　〃by　a　healthy　appetite。〃　Cf。　〃Symp。〃



　　　　iv。　41。　The　same　sentiment　〃ex　ore　Antisthenis。〃　See　Joel；　op。



　　　　cit。　i。　382；　Schanz；　Plat。　〃Apol。〃　p。　88；　S。　26。







〃Nay；　bless　my　soul；〃　exclaimed　Meletus；　〃I　know　those　whom　you



persuaded　to　obey　yourself　rather　than　the　fathers　who　begat



them。〃＇39＇







＇39＇　Cf。　〃Mem。〃　I。　ii。　49。







〃I　admit　it；〃　Socrates　replied；　〃in　the　case　of　education；　for　they



know　that　I　have　made　the　matter　a　study；　and　with　regard　to　health　a



man　prefers　to　obey　his　doctor　rather　than　his　parents；　in　the　public



assembly　the　citizens　of　Athens；　I　presume；　obey　those　whose　arguments



exhibit　the　soundest　wisdom　rather　than　their　own　relations。　And　is　it



not　the　case　that；　in　your　choice　of　generals；　you　set　your　fathers



and　brothers；　and；　bless　me！　your　own　selves　aside；　by　comparison　with



those　whom　you　believe　to　be　the　wisest　authorities　on　military



matters？〃







〃No　doubt；　Socrates；〃　replied　Meletus；　〃because　it　is　expedient　and



customary　so　to　do。〃







〃Well　then；〃　rejoined　Socrates；　〃does　it　not　strike　even　you；　Meletus；



as　wonderful　when　in　all　ordinary　concerns　the　best　people　should



obtain；　I　do　not　say　only　an　equal　share；　but　an　exclusive　preference；



but　in　my　case；　simply　because　I　am　selected　by　certain　people　as　an



adept　in　respect　of　the　greatest　treasure　men　possesseducation；　I　am



on　that　account　to　be　prosecuted　by　you；　sir；　on　the　capital　charge？〃







Much　more　than　this；　it　stands　to　reason；　was　urged；　whether　by



himself　or　by　the　friends　who　advocated　his　cause。＇40＇　But　my　object



has　not　been　to　mention　everything　that　arose　out　of　the　suit。　It



suffices　me　to　have　shown　on　the　one　hand　that　Socrates；　beyond



everything；　desired　not　to　display　impiety　to　heaven；＇41＇　and



injustice　to　men；　and　on　the　other；　that　escape　from　death　was　not　a



thing；　in　his　opinion；　to　be　clamoured　for　importunatelyon　the



contrary；　he　believed　that　the　time　was　already　come　for　him　to　die。



That　such　was　the　conclusion　to　which　he　had　come　was　made　still　more



evident　later　when　the　case　had　been　decided　against　him。　In　the　first



place；　when　called　upon　to　suggest　a　counter…penalty；＇42＇　he　would



neither　do　so　himself　nor　suffer　his　friends　to　do　so　for　him；　but



went　so　far　as　to　say　that　to　propose　a　counter…penalty　was　like　a



confession　of　guilt。　And　afterwards；　when　his　companions　wished　to



steal　him　out　of　prison；＇43＇　he　would　not　follow　their　lead；　but　would



seem　to　have　treated　the　idea　as　a　jest；　by　asking　〃whether　they



happened　to　know　of　some　place　outside　Attica　where　death　was



forbidden　to　set　foot？〃







＇40＇　｛sunagoreuein｝；　L。　and　S。　cf　Thuc。　vi。　6；　〃partisans；〃　viii。　84；



　　　　〃pleaded　the　case　of〃　（Jowett）。







＇41＇　Or；　〃laid　the　greatest　stress　of　not　being　guilty　of　impiety〃；



　　　　〃attached　the　greatest　importance　to　the　fact　that　he　was　never



　　　　guilty　of　impiety。〃







＇42＇　｛upotimasthai｝。　See　L。　Dind。　cf。　Cic。　〃Orat。〃　i。　54；　the



　　　　technical　word　is　｛antitimasthai｝。　Cf。　Plat。　〃Apol。〃　36　D；　Diog。



　　　　Laert。　ii。　41。　These　authorities　tell　a　different　story。　Why



　　　　should　these　stories；　if　true；　as　no　doubt　they　were；　be　omitted？







＇43＇　Cf。　Plat。　〃Crit。〃　44　B。







When　the　trial　drew　to　an　end；　we　are　told；　the　master　said：＇44＇



〃Sirs；　those　who　instructed　the　witnesses　that　they　ought　to　perjure



themselves　and　bear　false　witness　against　me；　alike　with　those　who



listened　to　their　instruction；　must　be　conscious　to　themselves　of　a



deep　impiety　and　injustice。＇45＇　But　for　myself；　what　reason　have　I　at



the　present　time　to　hold　my　head　less　high　than　I　did　before　sentence



was　passed　against　me；　if　I　have　not　been　convicted　of　having　done　any



of　those　things　whereof　my　accusers　accused　me？　It　has　not　been　proved



against　me　that　I　have　sacrificed　to　novel　divinities　in　place　of　Zeus



and　Hera　and　the　gods　who　form　their　company。　I　have　not　taken　oath　by



any　ot