london in 1731-第4部分

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　Lane　to　Goswell　Street；　and　so　up　that　street　northward　to　the　Bars。

From　these　Bars　in　Goswell　Street；　where　the　manor　of　Finsbury　begins；　the　line　extends　by　Golden　Lane　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　Whitecross　Street；　and　from　thence　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　Grub　Street；　and　then　runs　through　Ropemakers　Alley　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　the　highway　from　Moorgate；　and　from　thence　by　the　north　side　of　Moorfields；　after　which　it　runs　northwards　to　Nortonfalgate；　meeting　with　the　bars　in　Bishopsgate　Street；　and　from　thence　runs　eastward　into　Spittlefields；　abutting　all　along　upon　Nortonfalgate。

From　Nortonfalgate　it　returns　southwards　by　Spittlefields；　and　then　south…east　by　Wentworth　Street；　to　the　bars　in　Whitechapel。　　From　hence　it　inclines　more　southerly　to　the　Little　Minories　and　Goodman's　Fields：　　from　whence　it　returns　westward　to　the　posts　and　chain　in　the　Minories；　and　so　on　more　westerly　till　it　comes　to　London　Wall；　abutting　on　the　Tower　Liberty；　and　there　it　ends。　　The　ground　comprehended　betwixt　this　line　and　the　city　wall　contains　about　three　hundred　acres。

There　is　no　wall　or　fence；　as　has　been　hinted　already；　to　separate　the　freedom　of　the　City　from　that　part　of　the　town　which　lies　in　the　county　of　Middlesex；　only　posts　and　chains　at　certain　places；　and　one　gate　at　the　west　end　of　Fleet　Street　which　goes　by　the　name　of　Temple　Bar。

This　gate　resembles　a　triumphal　arch；　it　is　built　of　hewn　stone；　each　side　being　adorned　with　four　pilasters；　their　entablature；　and　an　arched　pediment　of　the　Corinthian　order。　　The　intercolumns　are　niches　replenished；　those　within　the　Bar　towards　the　east；　with　the　figures　of　King　James　I。　and　his　queen；　and　those　without　the　Bar；　with　the　figures　of　King　Charles　I。　and　King　Charles　II。　　It　is　encircled　also　with　cornucopias；　and　has　two　large　cartouches　by　way　of　supporters　to　the　whole；　and　on　the　inside　of　the　gate　is　the　following　inscription；　viz。；　〃Erected　in　the　year　1671；　Sir　Samuel　Starling；　Mayor：　　continued　in　the　year　1670；　Sir　Richard　Ford；　Lord　Mayor：　　and　finished　in　the　year　1672；　Sir　George　Waterman；　Lord　Mayor。〃

The　city　is　divided　into　twenty…six　wards　or　governments；　each　having　its　peculiar　officers；　as　alderman；　common　council；　&c。　　But　all　are　subject　to　the　lord　mayor；　the　supreme　magistrate　of　this　great　metropolis。　　Of　each　of　these　wards　take　the　following　account。

1。　　Portsoken　ward　is　situate　without　Aldgate；　the　most　easterly　ward　belonging　to　the　City；　and　extends　from　Aldgate　eastward　to　the　bars。　　The　chief　streets　and　places　comprehended　in　it；　are　part　of　Whitechapel　Street；　the　Minories；　Houndsditch；　and　the　west　side　of　Petticoat　Lane。

Whitechapel　is　a　handsome　broad　street；　by　which　we　enter　the　town　from　the　east。　　The　south　side；　or　great　part　of　it；　is　taken　up　by　butchers　who　deal　in　the　wholesale　way；　selling　whole　carcases　of　veal；　mutton；　and　lamb　（which　come　chiefly　out　of　Essex）　to　the　town　butchers。　　On　the　north　side　are　a　great　many　good　inns；　and　several　considerable　tradesmen's　houses；　who　serve　the　east　part　of　England　with　such　goods　and　merchandise　as　London　affords。　　On　the　south　side　is　a　great　market　for　hay　three　times　a　week。

Tower　ward　extends　along　the　Thames　from　the　Tower　on　the　east　almost　to　Billingsgate　on　the　west；　and　that　part　of　the　Tower　itself　which　lies　to　the　westward　of　the　White　Tower　is　held　by　some　to　be　within　this　ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　contained　in　it　are　Great　Tower　Street；　part　of　Little　Tower　Street　and　Tower　Hill；　part　of　Thames　Street；　Mark　Lane；　Mincing　Lane；　Seething　Lane；　St。　Olave　Hart　Street；　Idle　Lane；　St。　Dunstan's　Hill；　Harp　Lane；　Water　Lane；　and　Bear　Lane；　with　the　courts　and　alleys　that　fall　into　them。

Great　Tower　Hill　lies　on　the　outside　of　the　Tower　Ditch　towards　the　north…west。

Upon　this　hill　is　a　scaffold　erected；　at　the　charge　of　the　City；　for　the　execution　of　noble　offenders　imprisoned　in　the　Tower　（after　sentence　passed　upon　them）。

The　names　of　the　quays　or　wharves　lying　on　the　Thames　side　in　this　ward　between　the　Tower　and　Billingsgate；　are　Brewer's　Quay；　Chester　Quay；　Galley　Quay；　Wool　Quay；　Porter's　Quay；　Custom…House　Quay；　Great　Bear　Quay；　Little　Bear　Quay；　Wigging's　Quay；　Ralph's　Quay；　Little　Dice　Quay；　Great　Dice　Quay；　and　Smart's　Quay；　of　which；　next　to　the　Custom…House　Quay；　Bear　Quays　are　the　most　considerable；　there　being　one　of　the　greatest　markets　in　England　for　wheat　and　other　kinds　of　grain；　brought　hither　by　coasting　vessels。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　（besides　the　western　part　of　the　Tower　above…mentioned　to　be　within　the　City）　are　the　Custom　House；　Cloth…workers'　Hall；　Bakers'　Hall；　and　the　three　parish　churches　of　Allhallows　Barking；　St。　Olave　Hart　Street；　and　St。　Dunstan's　in　the　East。

The　Custom　House　is　situated　on　the　north　side　of　the　Thames；　between　the　Tower　and　Billingsgate；　consisting　of　two　floors；　in　the　uppermost　of　which；　in　a　wainscoted　magnificent　room；　almost　the　whole　length　of　the　building；　and　fifteen　feet　in　height；　sit　the　commissioners　of　the　customs；　with　their　under　officers　and　clerks。　The　length　of　this　edifice　is　a　hundred　and　eighty…nine　feet；　and　the　general　breadth　twenty…seven；　but　at　the　west　end　it　is　sixty　feet　broad。　　It　is　built　of　brick　and　stone；　and　covered　with　lead；　being　adorned　with　the　upper　and　lower　orders　of　architecture。

3。　　Aldgate；　or　Ealdgate　Ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　it　are　Aldgate　Street；　Berry　Street；　part　of　St。　Mary　Axe；　part　of　Leadenhall　Street；　part　of　Lime　Street；　Billiter　Lane　and　Square；　part　of　Mark　Lane；　Fenchurch　Street；　and　Crutchedfriars。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　the　African　House；　the　Navy　Office；　Bricklayers'　Hall；　the　churches　of　St。　Catherine　Creechurch；　St。　James's；　Duke's　Place；　St。　Andrew　Undershaft；　St。　Catherine　Coleman；　and　the　Jews'　Synagogues。

The　Royal　African　House　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street；　near　the　east　end　of　it。　　Here　the　affairs　of　the　company　are　transacted；　but　the　house　has　nothing　in　it　that　merits　a　particular　description。

The　Navy　Office　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Crutchedfriars；　near　Tower　Hill；　being　a　large；　well…built　pile　of　buildings；　and　the　offices　for　every　branch　of　business　relating　to　the　navy　admirably　well　disposed。

The　Jews'　synagogues　are　in　Duke's　Place；　where；　and　in　that　neighbourhood；　many　of　that　religion　inhabit。　　The　synagogue　stands　east　and　West；　as　Christian　churches　usually　do：　　the　great　door　is　on　the　west；　within　which　is　a　long　desk　upon　an　ascent；　raised　above　the　floor；　from　whence　the　law　is　read。　　The　east　part　of　the　synagogue　also　is　railed　in；　and　the　places　where　the　women　sit　enclosed　with　lattices；　the　men　sit　on　benches　with　backs　to　them；　running　east　and　west；　and　there　are　abundance　of　fine　branches　for　candles；　besides　lamps；　especially　in　that　belonging　to　the　Portuguese。

4。　　Lime　Street　Ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　it　are　part　of　Leadenhall　Street；　and　Leadenhall　Market；　part　of　Lime　Street；　and　part　of　St。　Mary　Axe。

Leadenhall　Market；　the　finest　shambles　in　Europe；　lies　between　Leadenhall　Street　and　Fenchurch　Street。　　Of　the　three　courts　or　yards　which　it　consists　of；　the　first　is　that　at　the　north…east　corner　of　Gracechurch　Street；　and　opens　into　Leadenhall　Street。　This　court　or　yard　contains　in　length　from　north　to　south　164　feet；　and　in　breadth　from　east　to　west　eighty　feet：　　within　this　court　or　yard；　round　about　the　same；　are　about　100　standing　stalls　for　butchers；　for　the　selling　of　beef　only；　and　therefore　this　court　is　called　the　beef　market。　　These　stalls　are　either　under　warehouses；　or　sheltered　from　the　weather　by　roofs　over　them。　　This　yard　is　on　Tuesdays　a　market　for　leather；　to　which　the　tanners　resort；　on　Thursdays　the　waggons　from　Colchester；　and　other　parts；　come　with　baize；　&c。；　and　the　fellmongers　with　their　wool；　and　on　Fridays　it　is　a　market　for　raw　hides；　on　Saturdays；　for　beef　and　other　provisions。

The　second　market　yard　is　called　the　Greenyard；　as　being　once　a　green　plot　of　ground；　afterwards　it　was　the　City's　storeyard　for　materials　for　building　and　the　like；　but　now　a　market　only　for　veal；　mutton；　lamb；　&c。　　This　yard　is　170　feet　in　length　from　east　to　west；　and　ninety　feet　broad　from　north　to　south；　it　hath　in　it　140　stalls　for　the　butchers；　all　covered　over。　　In　the　middle　of　this　Greenyard　market　from　north　to　south　is　a　row　of　shops；　with　rooms　over　them；　for　fishmongers：　　and　on　the　south　side　and　west　end　are　houses　and　shops　also　for　fishmongers。　　Towards　the　east　end　of　this　yard　is　erected　a　fair　market…house；　standing　upon　columns；　with　vaults　underneath；　and　rooms　above；　with　a　bell　tower；　and　a　clock；　and　under　it　are　butchers'　stalls。　　The　tenements　round　about　this　yard　are　for　the　most　part　inhabited　by　cooks　and　victuallers；　and　in　the　passages　leading　out　of　the　streets　into　this　market　are　fishmongers；　poulterers；　cheesemongers；　and　other　traders　in　provisions。

The　third　market　belonging　to　Leadenhall　is　called　the　Herb　Market；　for　that　herbs；　roots；　fruits；　&c。；　are　only　there　sold。　　This　market　is　about　140　feet　square；　the　west；　east；　and　north　sides　had　walks　round　them；　covered　over　for　shelter；　and　standing　upon　columns；　in　which　walks　there　were　twenty…eight　stalls　for　gardeners；　with　cellars　under　them。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Leadenhall；　the　East　India　House；　Pewterers'　Hall；　and　Fletchers'　Hall。

Leadenhall　is　situated　on　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street。　　It　is　a　large　stone　fabric；　consisting　of　three　large　courts　or　yards；　as　has　been　observed　already；　part　of　it　is　at　present　a　warehouse；　in　the　occupation　of　the　East　India　Company；　where　the　finest　calicoes；　and　other　curiosities　of　the　Eastern　part　of　the　world；　are　reposited；　another　part　of　it　is　for　Colchester　baize；　and　is　open　every　Thursday　and　Friday。　　Here　was　also　anciently　a　chapel；　and　a　fraternity　of　sixty　priests　constituted　to　celebrate　Divine　Service　every　day　to　the　market　people；　but　was　dissolved　with　other　religious　societies　at　the　Reformation。

On　the　south　side　of　Leadenhall　Street　also；　and　a　little　to　the　eastward　of　Leadenhall；　stands　the　East　India　House；　lately　magnificently　built；　with　a　stone　front　to　the　street；　but　the　fr