london in 1731-第8部分

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The　public　buildings　of　this　ward　are　Blackwell　Hall；　Masons'　Hall；　Weavers'　Hall；　Coopers'　Hall；　Girdlers'　Hall；　and　St。　Michael　Bassishaw　Church。

Blackwell　Hall　is　situated　between　Basinghall　Street　on　the　east；　and　Guildhall　Yard　on　the　west；　being　formerly　called　Bakewell　Hall；　from　the　family　of　the　Bakewells；　whose　mansion…house　stood　here　anno　1315；　which　falling　to　the　Crown；　was　purchased　by　the　City　of　King　Richard　II。；　and　converted　into　a　warehouse　and　market　for　woollen　manufactures；　and　by　an　act　of　common　council　anno　1516；　it　was　appointed　to　be　the　only　market　for　woollen　manufactures　sold　in　the　City；　except　baize；　the　profits　being　settled　on　Christ's　Hospital；　which　arise　from　the　lodging　and　pitching　of　the　cloth　in　the　respective　warehouses；　there　being　one　assigned　for　the　Devonshire　cloths；　and　others　for　the　Gloucester；　Worcester；　Kentish；　Medley；　Spanish　cloths；　and　blankets。　　The　profits　also　of　the　baize　brought　to　Leadenhall　are　settled　on　the　same　hospital。　These　cloths　pay　a　penny　a　week　each　for　pitching；　and　a　halfpenny　a　week　resting；　stockings　and　blankets　pay　by　the　pack；　all　which　bring　in　a　considerable　revenue；　being　under　the　direction　of　the　governors　of　Christ's　Hospital。　　This　hall　was　destroyed　by　the　Fire；　and　rebuilt　by　Christ's　Hospital；　anno　1672。　　The　doorcase　on　the　front　towards　Guildhall　is　of　stone；　adorned　with　two　columns；　entablature；　and　pediment　of　the　Doric　order。　　In　the　pediment　are　the　King's　arms；　and　the　arms　of　London　under　them；　enriched　with　Cupids；　&c。

19。　　Cripplegate　Ward　is　usually　divided　into　two　parts；　viz。；　Cripplegate　within　the　walls　and　Cripplegate　without。

The　principal　streets　and　places　in　Cripplegate　Ward　within　the　walls　are　Milk　Street；　great　part　of　Honey　Lane　Market；　part　of　Cateaton　Street；　Lad　Lane；　Aldermanbury；　Love　Lane；　Addle　Street；　London　Wall　Street；　from　Little　Wood　Street　to　the　postern；　Philip　Lane；　most　of　Great　Wood　Street；　Little　Wood　Street；　part　of　Hart　Street；　Mugwell　Street；　part　of　Fell　Street；　part　of　Silver　Street；　the　east　part　of　Maiden　Lane；　and　some　few　houses　in　Cheapside　to　the　eastward　of　Wood　Street。

The　principal　streets　and　places　in　Cripplegate　Ward　Without　are　Fore　Street；　and　the　Postern　Street　heading　to　Moorfields；　Back　Street　in　Little　Moorfields；　Moor　Lane；　Grub　Street；　the　south　part　to　the　posts　and　chain；　the　fourth　part　of　Whitecross　Street　as　far　as　the　posts　and　chain；　part　of　Redcross　Street；　Beach　Lane；　the　south　part　of　Golden　Lane　as　far　as　the　posts　and　chain；　the　east　part　of　Golden　Lane；　the　east　part　of　Jewin　Street；　Bridgewater　Square；　Brackley　Street；　Bridgewater　Street；　Silver　Street；　and　Litton　Street。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are　Sion　College；　Barber…Surgeons'　Hall；　Plasterers'　Hall；　Brewers'　Hall；　Curriers'　Hall；　the　churches　of　St。　Mary　Aldermanbury；　St。　Alphege；　St。　Alban；　Wood　Street；　and　St。　Giles；　Cripplegate。

Sion　College　is　situated　against　London　Wall；　a　little　to　the　eastward　of　Cripplegate；　where　anciently　stood　a　nunnery；　and　afterwards　a　hospital　founded　for　a　hundred　blind　men；　anno　1320；　by　W。　Elsing；　mercer；　and　called　Elsing's　Spittal：　　he　afterwards　founded　here　a　priory　for　canons　regular；　which　being　surrendered　to　King　Henry　VIII。　anno　1530；　it　was　purchased　by　Dr。　Thomas　White；　residentiary　of　St。　Paul's；　and　vicar　of　St。　Dunstan's　in　the　West；　for　the　use　of　the　London　clergy；　who　were　incorporated　by　King　Charles　I。；　anno　1631；　by　the　name　of　the　president　and　fellows　of　Sion　College；　for　the　glory　of　God；　the　good　of　His　Church；　redress　of　inconveniences；　and　maintaining　of　truth　in　doctrine；　and　love　in　conversation　with　one　another；　pursuant　to　the　donor's　will；　which　college　is　governed　by　the　president；　two　deans　and　four　assistants；　who　are　yearly　elected　out　of　the　London　clergy；　on　the　third　Tuesday　after　Easter；　but　none　of　them　reside　there；　the　whole　being　left　to　the　care　of　the　librarian。　　The　great　gate　against　London　Wall　is　adorned　with　two　columns；　their　entablature　and　pitched　pediment　of　the　Tuscan　order；　whereon　is　this　inscription　in　gold　letters：…

Collegium　Sionis　a　Thoma　White；　S。　T。　P。　Fundatum　Anno　Christi　1631；　in　Usum　Clerici　Lond。　　Bibliotheca　a　Johanne　Simpson；　S。　T。　B。　Extracta；　a　diversis　Benefactor；　Libris　locupletata；　&　in　posterum　locupletanda。　　Vade　&　fac　similiter。

The　college　consists　of　a　handsome　hall；　the　president's　lodgings；　chambers　for　students；　and　a　well…disposed　library；　one　hundred　and　twenty　feet　in　length；　and　thirty　in　breadth；　which　is　at　this　day　very　well　replenished　with　books；　notwithstanding　both　library　and　college　were　burnt　down　anno　1666。　　It　was　rebuilt　and　furnished　by　contributions　from　the　London　clergy　and　their　friends。　　The　library　is　kept　in　exact　order；　and　there　are　all　imaginable　conveniences　for　those　who　desire　to　consult　their　books。

20。　　Aldersgate　Ward。　　The　principal　streets　and　places　in　this　ward　are；　Foster　Lane；　Maiden　Lane；　Noble　Street；　St。　Martin's…le…Grand；　Dean's　Court；　Round　Court；　Angel　Street；　Bull…and…Mouth　Street；　St。　Anne's　Lane；　Aldersgate　Street；　Goswell　Street；　Barbican；　Long　Lane；　and　Little　Britain。

St。　Martin's…le…Grand　was　anciently　a　magnificent　college；　founded　by　Jugelricus　and　Edwardus　his　brother；　anno　1056；　and　confirmed　by　William　the　Conqueror；　by　his　charter；　dated　anno　1068；　in　the　second　year　of　his　reign；　who　also　gave　all　the　moorlands　without　Cripplegate　to　this　college；　exempting　the　dean　and　canons　from　the　jurisdiction　of　the　bishop；　and　from　all　legal　services；　granting　them　soc　and　sac；　toll　and　theam；　with　all　liberties　and　franchises　that　any　church　in　the　kingdom　enjoyed。

This　college　was　surrendered　to　King　Edward　VI。　in　the　second　year　of　his　reign；　anno　1548；　and　the　same　year　the　church　pulled　down；　and　the　ground　leased　out　to　persons　to　build　upon；　being　highly　valued　on　account　of　the　privileges　annexed　to　it；　for　it　still　remains　a　separate　jurisdiction。　　The　sheriffs　and　magistrates　of　London　have　no　authority　in　this　liberty；　but　it　is　esteemed　part　of　Westminster；　and　subject　only　to　the　dean　and　chapter　of　that　abbey。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are；　Goldsmiths'　Hall；　Coachmakers'　Hall；　London　House；　Thanet　House；　Cooks'　Hall；　the　church　of　St。　Anne　within　Aldersgate；　St。　Leonard；　Foster　Lane；　and　St。　Botolph；　Aldersgate。

21。　　Farringdon　Ward　within　the　walls；　so　called　to　distinguish　it　from　Farringdon　Ward　without；　was　anciently　but　one　ward；　and　governed　by　one　alderman；　receiving　its　name　of　William　Farendon；　goldsmith；　alderman　thereof；　and　one　of　the　sheriffs　of　London　who　purchased　the　aldermanry　of　John　le　Feure；　7　Edward　I。；　anno　1279。　It　afterwards　descended　to　Nicholas　Farendon；　son　of　the　said　William；　who　was　four　times　mayor　（and　his　heirs）；　from　whence　some　infer　that　the　aldermanries　of　London　were　formerly　hereditary。

Farringdon　Ward　Within　contains　St。　Paul's　Churchyard；　Ludgate　Street；　Blackfriars；　the　east　side　of　Fleet　Ditch；　from　Ludgate　Street　to　the　Thames；　Creed　Lane；　Ave　Mary　Lane；　Amen　Corner；　Paternoster　Row；　Newgate　Street　and　Market；　Greyfriars；　part　of　Warwick　Lane；　Ivy　Lane；　part　of　Cheapside；　part　of　Foster　Lane；　part　of　Wood　Street；　part　of　Friday　Street；　and　part　of　the　Old　Change；　with　several　courts　and　alleys　falling　into　them。

The　public　buildings　in　this　ward　are；　the　Cathedral　of　St。　Paul；　St。　Paul's　School；　the　King's　Printing　House；　the　Scotch　Hall；　Apothecaries'　Hall；　Stationers'　Hall；　the　College　of　Physicians；　Butchers'　Hall；　Saddlers'　Hall；　Embroiderers'　Hall；　the　church　of　St。　Martin　Ludgate；　Christ's　Church　and　Hospital；　the　church　of　St。　Matthew；　Friday　Street；　St。　Austin's　Church；　the　church　of　St　Vedast；　and　the　Chapter　House。

Austin　the　monk　was　sent　to　England　by　Pope　Gregory　the　Great；　to　endeavour　the　conversion　of　the　Saxons；　about　the　year　596；　and　being　favourably　received　by　Ethelbert；　then　King　of　Kent；　who　soon　after　became　his　proselyte；　was　by　the　authority　of　the　Roman　see　constituted　Archbishop　of　Canterbury；　the　capital　of　King　Ethelbert's　dominions。　　The　archbishop　being　thus　established　in　Kent；　sent　his　missionaries　into　other　parts　of　England；　making　Melitus；　one　of　his　assistants；　Bishop　of　London；　and　King　Ethelbert；　to　encourage　that　city　to　embrace　Christianity；　it　is　said；　founded　the　Cathedral　of　St。　Paul　about　the　year　604。

This　Cathedral　stands　upon　an　eminence　in　the　middle　of　the　town；　disengaged　from　all　other　buildings；　so　that　its　beauties　may　be　viewed　on　every　side；　whereas　we　see　only　one　front　of　St。　Peter's　at　Rome；　the　palace　of　the　Vatican；　and　other　buildings　contiguous　to　it；　rendering　the　rest　invisible；　and　though　the　riches　and　furniture　of　the　several　chapels　in　St。　Peter's　are　the　admiration　of　all　that　view　them；　yet　they　spoil　the　prospect　of　the　fabric。　If　we　regard　only　the　building；　divested　of　the　rich　materials　and　furniture　which　hide　the　beauties　of　the　structure；　St。　Paul's；　in　the　opinion　of　many　travellers；　makes　a　better　appearance　than　St。　Peter's：　　nor　does　the　white　Portland　stone；　of　which　St。　Paul's　is　built；　at　all　give　place　to　the　marble　St。　Peter's　is　lined　or　incrusted　with；　for　the　numerous　lamps　and　candles　that　are　burnt　before　the　altars　at　St。　Peter's　so　blacken　and　tarnish　the　marble；　that　it　is　not　easy　to　distinguish　it　from　common　stone。

As　to　the　outside　of　St。　Paul's；　it　is　adorned　by　two　ranges　of　pilasters；　one　above　the　other；　the　lower　consist　of　120　pilasters　at　least；　with　their　entablature　of　the　Corinthian　order；　and　the　upper　of　as　many　with　entablament　of　the　Composite　order；　besides　twenty　columns　at　the　west　and　four　at　the　east　end；　and　those　of　the　porticoes　and　spaces　between　the　arches　of　the　windows；　and　the　architrave　of　the　lower　order；　&c。；　are　filled　with　great　variety　of　curious　enrichments；　consisting　of　cherubims；　festoons；　volutas；　fruit；　leaves；　car…touches；　ensigns　of　fame；　as　swords　and　trumpets　in　saltier　crosses；　with　chaplets　of　laurel；　also　books　displayed；　bishops'　caps；　the　dean's　arms；　and；　at　the　east　end；　the　cypher　of　W。R。　within　a　garter；　on　which　are　the　words　Honi　soit　qui　mal　y　pense；　and　this　within　a　fine　compartment　of　palm…branches；　and　placed　under　an　imperial　crown；　&c。；　all　finely　carved　in　stone。