lysander-第2部分

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of　any　man；　being　of　a　generous　and　great　spirit；　and　one　who
thought　it　more　becoming　for　the　Greeks　to　suffer　any　damage　from
one　another　than　to　flatter　and　wait　at　the　gates　of　barbarians；
who；　indeed；　had　gold　enough；　but　nothing　else　that　was　commendable。
But　being　compelled　by　necessity；　he　proceeded　to　Lydia；　and　went　at
once　to　Cyrus's　house；　and　sent　in　word　that　Callicratidas；　the
admiral；　was　there　to　speak　with　him；　one　of　those　who　kept　the
gates　replied；　〃Cyrus；　O　stranger；　is　not　now　at　leisure；　for　he　is
drinking。〃　To　which　Callicratidas　answered；　most　innocently；　〃Very
well；　I　will　wait　till　he　has　done　his　draught。〃　This　time；　therefore；
they　took　him　for　some　clownish　fellow；　and　he　withdrew；　merely
laughed　at　by　the　barbarians；　but　when；　afterwards；　he　came　a　second
time　to　the　gate；　and　was　not　admitted；　he　took　it　hardly　and　set
off　for　Ephesus；　wishing　a　great　many　evils　to　those　who　first　let
themselves　be　insulted　over　by　these　barbarians；　and　taught　them　to　be
insolent　because　of　their　riches；　and　added　vows　to　those　who　were
present；　that　as　soon　as　ever　he　came　back　to　Sparta；　he　would　do
all　he　could　to　reconcile　the　Greeks；　that　they　might　be　formidable　to
barbarians；　and　that　they　should　cease　henceforth　to　need　their　aid
against　one　another。　But　Callicratidas；　who　entertained　purposes
worthy　a　Lacedaemonian；　and　showed　himself　worthy　to　compete　with
the　very　best　of　Greece；　for　his　justice；　his　greatness　of　mind　and
courage；　not　long　after；　having　been　beaten　in　a　sea　fight　at
Arginusae；　died。
　　And　now；　affairs　going　backwards；　the　associates　in　the　war　sent
an　embassy　to　Sparta；　requiring　Lysander　to　be　their　admiral；
professing　themselves　ready　to　undertake　the　business　much　more
zealously　if　he　was　commander；　and　Cyrus　also　sent　to　request　the　same
thing。　But　because　they　had　a　law　which　would　not　suffer　any　one　to　be
admiral　twice；　and　wished；　nevertheless；　to　gratify　their　allies；　they
gave　the　title　of　admiral　to　one　Aracus；　and　sent　Lysander　nominally
as　vice…admiral；　but；　indeed；　with　full　powers。　So　he　came　out；　long
wished　for　by　the　greatest　part　of　the　chief　persons　and　leaders　in
the　towns；　who　hoped　to　grow　to　greater　power　still　by　his　means；　when
the　popular　governments　should　be　everywhere　destroyed。
　　But　to　those　who　loved　honest　and　noble　behaviour　in　their
commanders；　Lysander；　compared　with　Callicratidas；　seemed　cunning
and　subtle；　managing　most　things　in　the　war　by　deceit；　extolling
what　was　just　when　it　was　profitable；　and　when　it　was　not；　using
that　which　was　convenient；　instead　of　that　which；　was　good；　and　not
judging　truth　to　be　in　nature　better　than　falsehood；　but　setting　a
value　upon　both　according　to　interest。　He　would　laugh　at　those　who
thought　Hercules's　posterity　ought　not　to　use　deceit　in　war：　〃For
where　the　lion's　skin　will　not　reach；　you　must　patch　it　out　with　the
fox's。〃　Such　is　the　conduct　recorded　of　him　in　the　business　about
Miletus　when　his　friends　and　connections；　whom　he　had　promised；　raised
to　assist　in　suppressing　popular　government；　and　expelling　their
political　opponents；　had　altered　their　minds；　and　were　reconciled　to
their　enemies；　he　pretended　openly　as　if　he　was　pleased　with　it；　and
was　desirous　to　further　the　reconciliation；　but　privately　he　railed　at
and　abused　them；　and　provoked　them　to　set　upon　the　multitude。　And　as
soon　as　ever　he　perceived　a　new　attempt　to　be　commencing；　he　at　once
came　up；　and　entered　into　the　city；　and　the　first　of　the
conspirators　he　lit　upon；　he　pretended　to　rebuke；　and　spoke　roughly；
as　if　he　would　punish　them；　but　the　others；　meantime；　he　bade　be
courageous；　and　to　fear　nothing；　now　he　was　with　them。　And　all　this
acting　and　dissembling　was　with　the　object　that　the　most
considerable　men　of　the　popular　party　might　not　fly　away；　but　might
stay　in　the　city　and　be　killed；　which　so　fell　out；　for　all　who
believed　him　were　put　to　death。
　　There　is　a　saying　also；　recorded　by　Androclides；　which　makes　him
guilty　of　great　indifference　to　the　obligations　of　an　oath。　His
recommendation；　according　to　this　account；　was　to　〃cheat　boys　with
dice；　and　men　with　oaths；〃　an　imitation　of　Polycrates　of　Samos；　not
very　honourable　to　a　lawful　commander；　to　take　example；　namely；　from　a
tyrant；　nor　in　character　with　Laconian　usages；　to　treat　gods　as　ill　as
enemies；　or；　indeed；　even　more　injuriously　since　he　who　overreaches　by
an　oath　admits　that　he　fears　his　enemy；　while　he　despises　his　God。
　　Cyrus　now　sent　for　Lysander　to　Sardis；　and　gave　him　some　money；
and　promised　him　some　more；　youthfully　protesting　in　favour　to　him；
that　if　his　father　gave　him　nothing；　he　would　supply　him　of　his　own；
and　if　he　himself　should　be　destitute　of　all；　he　would　cut　up；　he
said；　to　make　money；　the　very　throne　upon　which　he　sat　to　do
justice；　it　being　made　of　gold　and　silver；　and；　at　last　on　going　up
into　Media　to　his　father；　he　ordered　that　he　should　receive　the
tribute　of　the　towns；　and　committed　his　government　to　him；　and　so
taking　his　leave；　and　desiring　him　not　to　fight　by　sea　before　he
returned；　for　he　would　come　back　with　a　great　many　ships　out　of
Phoenicia　and　Cilicia；　departed　to　visit　the　king。
　　Lysander's　ships　were　too　few　for　him　to　venture　to　fight；　and　yet
too　many　to　allow　of　his　remaining　idle；　he　set　out；　therefore；　and
reduced　some　of　the　islands；　and　wasted　Aegina　and　Salamis；　and　from
thence　landing　in　Attica；　and　saluting　Agis；　who　came　from　Decelea
to　meet　him；　he　made　a　display　to　the　land…forces　of　the　strength　of
the　fleet　as　though　he　could　sail　where　he　pleased；　and　were
absolute　master　by　sea。　But　hearing　the　Athenians　pursued　him；　he　fled
another　way　through　the　island　into　Asia。　And　finding　the　Hellespont
without　any　defence；　he　attacked　Lampsacus　with　his　ships　by　sea；
while　Thorax；　acting　in　concert　with　him　with　the　land　army；　made　an
assault　on　the　walls；　and　so　having　taken　the　city　by　storm；　he　gave
it　up　to　his　soldiers　to　plunder。　The　fleet　of　the　Athenians；　a
hundred　and　eighty　ships；　had　just　arrived　at　Elaeus　in　the
Chersonese；　and　hearing　the　news；　that　Lampsacus　was　destroyed；　they
presently　sailed　to　Sestos；　where；　taking　in　victuals；　they　advanced
to　Aegos　Potami；　over　against　their　enemies；　who　were　still
stationed　about　Lampsacus。　Amongst　other　Athenian　captains　who　were
now　in　command　was　Philocles；　he　who　persuaded　the　people　to　pass　a
decree　to　cut　off　the　right　thumb　of　the　captives　in　the　war；　that
they　should　not　be　able　to　hold　the　spear；　though　they　might　the　oar。
　　Then　they　all　rested　themselves；　hoping　they　should　have　battle
the　next　morning。　But　Lysander　had　other　things　in　his　head；　he
commanded　the　mariners　and　pilots　to　go　on　board　at　dawn；　as　if
there　should　be　a　battle　as　soon　as　it　was　day；　and　to　sit　there　in
order；　and　without　any　noise；　excepting　what　should　be　commanded；
and　in　like　manner　that　the　land　army　should　remain　quietly　in　their
ranks　by　the　sea。　But　the　sun　rising；　and　the　Athenians　sailing　up
with　their　whole　fleet　in　line；　and　challenging　them　to　battle；　though
he　had　had　his　ships　all　drawn　up　and　manned　before　daybreak；
nevertheless　did　not　stir。　He　merely　sent　some　boats　to　those　who
lay　foremost；　and　bade　them　keep　still　and　stay　in　their　order；　not　to
be　disturbed；　and　none　of　them　to　sail　out　and　offer　battle。　So
about　evening；　the　Athenians　sailing　back；　he　would　not　let　the　seamen
go　out　of　the　ships　before　two　or　three；　which　he　had　sent　to　espy；
were　returned；　after　seeing　the　enemies　disembark。　And　thus　they　did
the　next　day；　and　the　third；　and　so　to　the　fourth。　So　that　the
Athenians　grew　extremely　confident；　and　disdained　their　enemies　as
if　they　had　been　afraid　and　daunted。　At　this　time；　Alcibiades；　who　was
in　his　castle　in　the　Chersonese；　came　on　horseback　to　the　Athenian
army；　and　found　fault　with　their　captains；　first　of　all　that　they
had　pitched　their　camp　neither　well　nor　safely　on　an　exposed　and
open　beach；　a　very　bad　landing　for　the　ships；　and　secondly；　that　where
they　were　they　had　to　fetch　all　they　wanted　from　Sestos；　some
considerable　way　off；　whereas　if　they　sailed　round　a　little　way　to　the
town　and　harbour　of　Sestos；　they　would　be　at　a　safer　distance　from
an　enemy；　who　lay　watching　their　movements；　at　the　command　of　a　single
general；　terror　of　whom　made　every　order　rapidly　executed。　This
advice；　however；　they　would　not　listen　to；　and　Tydeus　answered
disdainfully；　that　not　he；　but　others；　were　in　office　now。　So
Alcibiades；　who　even　suspected　there　must　be　treachery；　departed。
　　But　on　the　fifth　day；　the　Athenians　having　sailed　towards　them；
and　gone　back　again　as　they　were　used　to　do；　very　proudly　and　full
of　contempt；　Lysander　sending　some　ships；　as　usual；　to　look　out；
commanded　the　masters　of　them　that　when　they　saw　the　Athenians　go　to
land；　they　should　row　back　again　with　all　their　speed；　and　that　when
they　were　about　half…way　across；　they　should　lift　up　a　brazen　shield
from　the　fore…deck；　as　the　sign　of　battle。　And　he　himself　sailing
round；　encouraged　the　pilots　and　masters　of　the　ships；　and　exhorted
them　to　keep　all　their　men　to　their　places；　seamen　and　soldiers　alike；
and　as　soon　as　ever　the　sign　should　be　given；　to　row　boldly　to　their
enemies。　Accordingly；　when　the　shield　had　been　lifted　up　from　the
ships；　and　the　trumpet　from　the　admiral's　vessel　had　sounded　for　the
battle；　the　ships　rowed　up；　and　the　foot　soldiers　strove　to　get
along　by　the　shore　to　the　promontory。　The　distance　there　between　the
two　continents　is　fifteen　furlongs；　which；　by　zeal　and　eagerness　of
the　rowers；　was　quickly　traversed。　Conon；　one　of　the　Athenian
commanders；　was　the　first　who　saw　from　the　land　the　fleet　advancing；
and　shouted　out　to　embark；　and　in　the　greatest　distress　bade　some
and　entreated　others；　and　some　he　forced　to　man　the　ships。　But　all　his
diligence　signified　nothing；　because　the　men　were　scattered　about；　for
as　soon　as　they　came　out　of　the　ships；　expecting　no　such　matter；
some　went　to　market；　others　walked　about　the　country；　or　went　to　sleep
in　their　tents；　or　got　their　dinners　ready；　being；　through　their
commanders'　want　of　skill；　as　far　as　possible　from　any　thought　of　what
was　to　happen；　and　the　enemy　now　coming　up　with　sh