lysander-第6部分

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and　places　of　exercise；　at　which　Agesilaus　was　more　annoyed　than　ever；
envying　him　the　honour；　and；　finally；　when　he　gave　many　of　the
officers　places　of　command　and　the　governments　of　cities；　he　appointed
Lysander　carver　at　his　table；　adding；　by　way　of　insult　to　the　Ionians；
〃Let　them　go　now；　and　pay　their　court　to　my　carver。〃　Upon　this；
Lysander　thought　fit　to　come　and　speak　with　him；　and　a　brief　laconic
dialogue　passed　between　them　as　follows：　〃Truly；　you　know　very　well；　O
Agesilaus；　how　to　depress　your　friends；〃　〃Those　friends；〃　replied
he；　〃who　would　be　greater　than　myself；　but　those　who　increase　my
power；　it　is　just　should　share　in　it。〃　〃Possibly；　O　Agesilaus；〃
answered　Lysander；　〃in　all　this　there　may　be　more　said　on　your　part
than　done　on　mine；　but　I　request　you；　for　the　sake　of　observers　from
without；　to　place　me　in　any　command　under　you　where　you　may　judge　I
shall　be　the　least　offensive；　and　most　useful。〃
　　Upon　this　he　was　sent　ambassador　to　the　Hellespont；　and　though　angry
with　Agesilaus；　yet　did　not　neglect　to　perform　his　duty；　and　having
induced　Spithridates　the　Persian；　being　offended　with　Pharnabazus；　a
gallant　man；　and　in　command　of　some　forces；　to　revolt；　he　brought
him　to　Agesilaus。　He　was　not；　however；　employed　in　any　other
service；　but　having　completed　his　time　returned　to　Sparta；　without
honour；　angry　with　Agesilaus；　and　hating　more　than　ever　the　whole
Spartan　government；　and　resolved　to　delay　no　longer；　but　while　there
was　yet　time；　to　put　into　execution　the　plans　which　he　appears　some
time　before　to　have　concerted　for　a　revolution　and　change　in　the
constitution。　These　were　as　follows。　The　Heraclidae　who　joined　with
the　Dorians；　and　came　into　Peloponnesus；　became　a　numerous　and
glorious　race　in　Sparta；　but　not　every　family　belonging　to　it　had
the　right　of　succession　in　the　kingdom；　but　the　kings　were　chosen
out　of　two　only；　called　the　Eurypontidae　and　the　Agiadae；　the　rest　had
no　privilege　in　the　government　by　their　nobility　of　birth；　and　the
honours　which　followed　from　merit　lay　open　to　all　who　could　obtain
them。　Lysander　who　was　born　of　one　of　these　families；　when　he　had
risen　into　great　renown　for　his　exploits；　and　had　gained　great　friends
and　power；　was　vexed　to　see　the　city；　which　had　increased　to　what　it
was　by　him；　ruled　by　others　not　at　all　better　descended　than
himself；　and　formed　a　design　to　remove　the　government　from　the　two
families；　and　to　give　it　in　common　to　all　the　Heraclidae；　or；　as
some　say；　not　to　the　Heraclidae　only；　but　to　all　Spartans；　that　the
reward　might　not　belong　to　the　posterity　of　Hercules；　but　to　those　who
were　like　Hercules；　judging　by　that　personal　merit　which　raised　even
him　to　the　honour　of　the　Godhead；　and　he　hoped　that　when　the　kingdom
was　thus　to　be　competed　for；　no　Spartan　would　be　chosen　before
himself。
　　Accordingly　he　first　attempted　and　prepared　to　persuade　the　citizens
privately；　and　studied　an　oration　composed　for　this　purpose　by
Cleon；　the　Halicarnassian。　Afterwards　perceiving　so　unexpected　and
great　an　innovation　required　bolder　means　of　support；　he　proceeded；　as
it　might　be　on　the　stage；　to　avail　himself　of　machinery；　and　to　try
the　effects　of　divine　agency　upon　his　countrymen。　He　collected　and
arranged　for　his　purpose　answers　and　oracles　from　Apollo；　not
expecting　to　get　any　benefit　from　Cleon's　rhetoric；　unless　he　should
first　alarm　and　overpower　the　minds　of　his　fellow…citizens　by
religious　and　superstitious　terrors；　before　bringing　them　to　the
consideration　of　his　arguments。　Ephorus　relates；　after　he　had
endeavoured　to　corrupt　the　oracle　of　Apollo；　and　had　again　failed　to
persuade　the　priestess　of　Dodona　by　means　of　Pherecles；　that　he　went
to　Ammon；　and　discoursed　with　the　guardians　of　the　oracle　there；
proffering　them　a　great　deal　of　gold；　and　that　they；　taking　this
ill；　sent　some　to　Sparta　to　accuse　Lysander；　and　on　his　acquittal
the　Libyans；　going　away；　said；　〃You　will　find　us；　O　Spartans；　better
judges；　when　you　come　to　dwell　with　us　in　Libya；〃　there　being　a
certain　ancient　oracle　that　the　Lacedaemonians　should　dwell　in
Libya。　But　as　the　whole　intrigue　and　the　course　of　the　contrivance　was
no　ordinary　one；　nor　lightly　undertaken；　but　depended　as　it　went　on；
like　some　mathematical　proposition；　on　a　variety　of　important
admissions；　and　proceeded　through　a　series　of　intricate　and
difficult　steps　to　its　conclusion；　we　will　go　into　it　at　length；
following　the　account　of　one　who　was　at　once　an　historian　and　a
philosopher。
　　There　was　a　woman　in　Pontus　who　professed　to　be　pregnant　by
Apollo；　which　many；　as　was　natural；　disbelieved；　and　many　also　gave
credit　to；　and　when　she　had　brought　forth　a　man…child；　several；　not
unimportant　persons；　took　an　interest　in　its　rearing　and　bringing
up。　The　name　given　the　boy　was　Silenus；　for　some　reason　or　other。
Lysander；　taking　this　for　the　groundwork；　frames　and　devises　the
rest　himself；　making　use　of　not　a　few；　nor　these　insignificant
champions　of　his　story；　who　brought　the　report　of　the　child's　birth
into　credit　without　any　suspicion。　Another　report；　also；　was
procured　from　Delphi　and　circulated　in　Sparta；　that　there　were　some
very　old　oracles　which　were　kept　by　the　priests　in　private　writings；
and　they　were　not　to　be　meddled　with；　neither　was　it　lawful　to　read
them；　till　one　in　aftertimes　should　come；　descended　from　Apollo；
and；　on　giving　some　known　token　to　the　keepers；　should　take　the
books　in　which　the　oracles　were。　Things　being　thus　ordered　beforehand；
Silenus；　it　was　intended；　should　come　and　ask　for　the　oracles；　as
being　the　child　of　Apollo；　and　those　priests　who　were　privy　to　the
design　were　to　profess　to　search　narrowly　into　all　particulars；　and　to
question　him　concerning　his　birth；　and　finally；　were　to　be
convinced；　and；　as　to　Apollo's　son；　to　deliver　up　to　him　the　writings。
Then　he；　in　the　presence　of　many　witnesses；　should　read；　amongst　other
prophecies；　that　which　was　the　object　of　the　whole　contrivance；
relating　to　the　office　of　the　kings；　that　it　would　be　better　and
more　desirable　to　the　Spartans　to　choose　their　kings　out　of　the　best
citizens。　And　now；　Silenus　being　grown　up　to　a　youth；　and　being
ready　for　the　action；　Lysander　miscarried　in　his　drama　through　the
timidity　of　one　of　his　actors；　or　assistants；　who　just　as　he　came　to
the　point　lost　heart　and　drew　back。　Yet　nothing　was　found　out　while
Lysander　lived；　but　only　after　his　death。
　　He　died　before　Agesilaus　came　back　from　Asia；　being　involved；　or
perhaps　more　truly　having　himself　involved　Greece；　in　the　Boeotian
war。　For　it　is　stated　both　ways；　and　the　cause　of　it　some　make　to　be
himself；　others　the　Thebans；　and　some　both　together；　the　Thebans；　on
the　one　hand；　being　charged　with　casting　away　the　sacrifices　at　Aulis；
and　that　being　bribed　with　the　king's　money　brought　by　Androclides　and
Amphitheus；　they　had；　with　the　object　of　entangling　the　Lacedaemonians
in　a　Grecian　war；　set　upon　the　Phocians；　and　wasted　their　country；
it　being　said；　on　the　other　hand；　that　Lysander　was　angry　that　the
Thebans　had　preferred　a　claim　to　the　tenth　part　of　the　spoils　of　the
war；　while　the　rest　of　the　confederates　submitted　without　complaint；
and　because　they　expressed　indignation　about　the　money　which
Lysander　sent　to　Sparta；　but　more　especially；　because　from　them　the
Athenians　had　obtained　the　first　opportunity　of　freeing　themselves
from　the　thirty　tyrants；　whom　Lysander　had　made；　and　to　support　whom
the　Lacedaemonians　issued　a　decree　that　political　refugees　from　Athens
might　be　arrested　in　whatever　country　they　were　found；　and　that
those　who　impeded　their　arrest　should　be　excluded　from　the
confederacy。　In　reply　to　this　the　Thebans　issued　counter　decrees　of
their　own；　truly　in　the　spirit　and　temper　of　the　actions　of　Hercules
and　Bacchus；　that　every　house　and　city　in　Boeotia　should　be　opened
to　the　Athenians　who　required　it；　and　that　he　who　did　not　help　a
fugitive　who　was　seized　should　be　fined　a　talent　for　damages；　and　if
any　one　should　bear　arms　through　Boeotia　to　Attica　against　the
tyrants；　that　none　of　the　Thebans　should　either　see　or　hear　of　it。　Nor
did　they　pass　these　humane　and　truly　Greek　decrees　without　at　the　same
time　making　their　acts　conformable　to　their　words。　For　Thrasybulus；
and　those　who　with　him　occupied　Phyle；　set　out　upon　that　enterprise
from　Thebes；　with　arms　and　money；　and　secrecy　and　a　point　to　start
from；　provided　for　them　by　the　Thebans。　Such　were　the　causes　of
complaint　Lysander　had　against　Thebes。　And　being　now　grown　violent
in　his　temper　through　the　atrabilious　tendency　which　increased　upon
him　in　his　old　age；　he　urged　the　Ephors　and　persuaded　them　to　place
a　garrison　in　Thebes；　and　taking　the　commander's　place；　he　marched
forth　with　a　body　of　troops。　Pausanias；　also；　the　king；　was　sent
shortly　after　with　an　army。　Now　Pausanias；　going　round　by　Cithaeron；
was　to　invade　Boeotia；　Lysander；　meantime；　advanced　through　Phocis
to　meet　him；　with　a　numerous　body　of　soldiers。　He　took　the　city　of　the
Orchomenians；　who　came　over　to　him　of　their　own　accord；　and
plundered　Lebadea。　He　despatched　also　letters　to　Pausanias；　ordering
him　to　move　from　Plataea　to　meet　him　at　Haliartus；　and　that　himself
would　be　at　the　walls　of　Haliartus　by　break　of　day。　These　letters　were
brought　to　the　Thebans；　the　carrier　of　them　falling　into　the　hands
of　some　Theban　scouts。　They；　having　received　aid　from　Athens；
committed　their　city　to　the　charge　of　the　Athenian　troops；　and
sallying　out　about　the　first　sleep；　succeeded　in　reaching　Haliartus
a　little　before　Lysander；　and　part　of　them　entered　into　the　city。　He
upon　this　first　of　all　resolved；　posting　his　army　upon　a　hill；　to　stay
for　Pausanias；　then　as　the　day　advanced；　not　being　able　to　rest；　he
bade　his　men　take　up　their　arms；　and　encouraging　the　allies；　led
them　in　a　column　along　the　road　to　the　walls。　But　those　Thebans　who
had　remained　outside；　taking　the　city　on　the　left　hand；　advanced
against　the　rear　of　their　enemies；　by　the　fountain　which　is　called
Cissusa；　here　they　tell　the　story　that　the　nurses　washed　the　infant
Bacchus　after　birth；　the　water　of　it　is　of　a　bright　wine…colour；
clear；　and　most　pleasant　to　drink；　and　not　far　off　the　Cretan　storax
grows　all　about　which　the　Haliartia