travels in england-第10部分

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ordinary　affairs；　but　does　not　interfere　with　the　archiepiscopal　jurisdiction。　　Upon　a　hill；　or　rather　rock；　which　on　its　right　side　is　almost　everywhere　a　precipice；　a　very　extensive　castle　rises　to　a　surprising　height；　in　size　like　a　little　city；　extremely　well　fortified；　and　thick…set　with　towers；　and　seems　to　threaten　the　sea　beneath。　　Matthew　Paris　calls　it　the　door　and　key　of　England；　the　ordinary　people　have　taken　into　their　heads　that　it　was　built　by　Julius　Caesar；　it　is　likely　it　might　by　the　Romans；　from　those　British　bricks　in　the　chapel　which　they　made　use　of　in　their　foundations。　　See　Camden's　〃Britannia。〃

After　we　had　dined；　we　took　leave　of　England。




FRAGMENTA　REGALIA




OR；　OBSERVATIONS　ON　THE　LATE　QUEEN　ELIZABETH；　HER　TIMES；　AND　FAVOURITES。　　WRITTEN　BY　Sir　Robert　Naunton；　MASTER　OF　THE　COURT　OF　WARDS。　　A。D。　1641。


To　take　her　in　the　original；　she　was　the　daughter　of　King　Henry　VIII。　by　Anne　Boleyn；　the　second　of　six　wives　which　he　had；　and　one　of　the　maids　of　honour　to　the　divorced　Queen；　Katharine　of　Austria　（or；　as　the　now　styled；　Infanta　of　Spain）；　and　from　thence　taken　to　the　royal　bed。

That　she　was　of　a　most　noble　and　royal　extract　by　her　father　will　not　fall　into　question；　for　on　that　side　was　disembogued　into　her　veins；　by　a　confluency　of　blood；　the　very　abstract　of　all　the　greatest　houses　in　Christendom：　　and　remarkable　it　is；　considering　that　violent　desertion　of　the　Royal　House　of　the　Britons　by　the　intrusion　of　the　Saxons；　and　afterwards　by　the　conquest　of　the　Normans；　that；　through　vicissitude　of　times；　and　after　a　discontinuance　almost　of　a　thousand　years；　the　sceptre　should　fall　again　and　be　brought　back　into　the　old　regal　line　and　true　current　of　the　British　blood；　in　the　person　of　her　renowned　grandfather；　King　Henry　VII。；　together　with　whatsoever　the　German；　Norman；　Burgundian；　Castilian；　and　French　achievements；　with　their　intermarriages；　which　eight　hundred　years　had　acquired；　could　add　of　glory　thereunto。

By　her　mother　she　was　of　no　sovereign　descent；　yet　noble　and　very　ancient　in　the　family　of　Boleyn；　though　some　erroneously　brand　them　with　a　citizen's　rise　or　original；　which　was　yet　but　of　a　second　brother；　who　（as　it　was　divine　in　the　greatness　and　lustre　to　come　to　his　house）　was　sent　into　the　city　to　acquire　wealth；　AD　AEDIFICANDAM　ANTIQUAM　DOMUM；　unto　whose　achievements　（for　he　was　Lord　Mayor　of　London）　fell　in；　as　it　is　averred；　both　the　blood　and　inheritance　of　the　eldest　brother　for　want　of　issue　males；　by　which　accumulation　the　house　within　few　descents　mounted；　IN　CULMEN　HONORIS；　and　was　suddenly　dilated　in　the　best　families　of　England　and　Ireland：　　as　Howard；　Ormond；　Sackville；　and　others。

Having　thus　touched；　and　now　leaving　her　stirp；　I　come　to　her　person；　and　how　she　came　to　the　crown　by　the　decease　of　her　brother　and　sister。

Under　Edward　VI。　she　was　his；　and　one　of　the　darlings　of　Fortune；　for；　besides　the　consideration　of　blood；　there　was　between　these　two　princes　a　concurrency　and　sympathy　of　their　natures　and　affections；　together　with　the　celestial　bond　（confirmative　religion）；　which　made　them　one；　for　the　King　never　called　her　by　any　other　appellation　but　his　sweetest　and　dearest　sister；　and　was　scarce　his　own　man；　she　being　absent；　which　was　not　so　between　him　and　the　Lady　Mary。

Under　her　sister　｛19｝　she　found　her　condition　much　altered；　for　it　was　resolved；　and　her　destiny　had　decreed　it；　for　to　set　her　apprentice　in　the　school　of　affliction；　and　to　draw　her　through　that　ordeal…fire　of　trial；　the　better　to　mould　and　fashion　her　to　rule　and　sovereignty：　　which　finished；　Fortune　calling　to　mind　that　the　time　of　her　servitude　was　expired；　gave　up　her　indentures；　and　therewith　delivered　into　her　custody　a　sceptre　as　the　reward　of　her　patience；　which　was　about　the　twenty…sixth　of　her　age：　　a　time　in　which；　as　for　her　internals　grown　ripe；　and　seasoned　by　adversity；　in　the　exercise　of　her　virtue；　for；　it　seems；　Fortune　meant　no　more　but　to　show　her　a　piece　of　variety　and　changeableness　of　her　nature；　but　to　conduct　her　to　her　destiny；　I。E。；　felicity。

She　was　of　person　tall；　of　hair　and　complexion　fair；　and　therewith　well　favoured；　but　high…nosed；　of　limbs　and　features　neat；　and；　which　added　to　the　lustre　of　these　external　graces；　of　a　stately　and　majestic　comportment；　participating　in　this　more　of　her　father　than　of　her　mother；　who　was　of　an　inferior　alloy；　plausible；　or；　as　the　French　hath　it；　more　DEBONAIRE　and　affable：　　virtues　which　might　well　suit　with　majesty；　and　which；　descending　as　hereditary　to　the　daughter；　did　render　her　of　a　sweeter　temper；　and　endeared　her　more　to　the　love　and　liking　of　the　people；　who　gave　her　the　name　and　fame　of　a　most　gracious　and　popular　princess。

The　atrocity　of　the　father's　nature　was　rebated　in　her　by　the　mother's　sweeter　inclinations；　for　（to　take；　and　that　no　more　than　the　character　out　of　his　own　mouth）　HE　NEVER　SPARED　MAN　IN　HIS　ANGER；　NOR　WOMAN　IN　HIS　LUST。

If　we　search　farther　into　her　intellectuals　and　abilities；　the　wheel…course　of　her　government　deciphers　them　to　the　admiration　of　posterity；　for　it　was　full　of　magnanimity；　tempered　with　justice；　piety；　and　pity；　and；　to　speak　truth；　noted　but　with　one　act　of　stain；　or　taint；　all　her　deprivations；　either　of　life　or　liberty；　being　legal　and　necessitated。　　She　was　learned；　her　sex　and　time　considered；　beyond　common　belief；　for　letters　about　this　time；　or　somewhat　before；　did　but　begin　to　be　of　esteem　and　in　fashion；　the　former　ages　being　overcast　with　the　mists　and　fogs　of　the　Roman　｛20｝　ignorance；　and　it　was　the　maxim　that　over…ruled　the　foregoing　times；　that　IGNORANCE　WAS　THE　MOTHER　OF　DEVOTION。　　Her　wars　were　a　long　time　more　in　the　auxiliary　part；　and　assistance　of　foreign　princes　and　states；　than　by　invasion　of　any；　till　common　policy　advised　it；　for　a　safer　way；　to　strike　first　abroad；　than　at　home　to　expect　the　war；　in　all　which　she　was　ever　felicitous　and　victorious。

The　change　and　alteration　of　religion　upon　the　instant　of　her　accession　to　the　crown　（the　smoke　and　fire　of　her　sister's　martyrdoms　scarcely　quenched）　was　none　of　her　least　remarkable　actions；　but　the　support　and　establishment　thereof；　with　the　means　of　her　own　subsistence　amidst　so　powerful　enemies　abroad；　and　those　many　domestic　practices；　were；　methinks；　works　of　inspiration；　and　of　no　human　providence；　which；　on　her　sister's　departure；　she　most　religiously　acknowledgedascribing　the　glory　of　her　deliverance　to　God　above；　for　she　being　then　at　Hatfield；　and　under　a　guard；　and　the　Parliament　sitting　at　the　self…same　time；　at　the　news　of　the　Queen's　death；　and　her　own　proclamation　by　the　general　consent　of　the　House　and　the　public　sufferance　of　the　people；　falling　on　her　knees；　after　a　good　time　of　respiration；　she　uttered　this　verse　of　the　Psalm：


〃A　DOMINO　FACTUM　EST　ISTUD；　ET　EST　MIRABILE　IN　OCULIS　NOSTRIS。〃　｛21｝


And　this　we　find　to　this　day　on　the　stamp　of　her　gold；　with　this　on　her　silver：


〃　POSUI　DEUM　ADJUTOREM　MEUM。〃　｛22｝


Her　ministers　and　instruments　of　State；　such　as　were　PARTICIPES　CURARUM；　or　bore　a　great　part　of　the　burthen；　were　MANY；　and　those　MEMORABLE；　but　they　were　only　FAVOURITES；　and　not　MINIONS；　such　as　acted　more　by　HER　princely　rules　and　judgments；　than　by　their　OWN　wills　and　appetites；　for　we　saw　no　Gaveston；　Vere；　or　Spencer；　to　have　swayed　alone；　during　forty…four　years；　which　was　a　well…settled　and　advised　maxim；　for　it　valued　her　the　more；　it　awed　the　most　secure；　it　took　best　with　the　people；　and　it　staved　off　all　emulations；　which　are　apt　to　rise　and　vent　in　obloquious　acrimony　even　against　the　prince；　where　there　is　ONE　ONLY　admitted　into　high　administrations。



A　MAJOR　PALATII



The　principal　note　of　her　reign　will　be；　that　she　ruled　much　by　faction　and　parties；　which　she　herself　both　made；　upheld；　and　weakened；　as　her　own　great　judgment　advised；　for　I　do　dissent　from　the　common　and　received　opinion；　that　my　Lord　of　Leicester　was　ABSOLUTE　and　ALONE　in　her　GRACE；　and；　though　I　come　somewhat　short　of　the　knowledge　of　these　times；　yet；　that　I　may　not　err　or　shoot　at　random；　I　know　it　from　assured　intelligence　that　it　was　not　so；　for　proof　whereof；　amongst　many　（that　could　present）；　I　will　both　relate　a　story；　and　therein　a　known　truth；　and　it　was　thus：　　Bowyer；　the　Gentleman　of　the　Black　Rod；　being　charged　by　her　express　command　to　look　precisely　to　all　admissions　in　the　Privy　Chamber；　one　day　stayed　a　very　gay　captain　（and　a　follower　of　my　Lord　of　Leicester）　from　entrance；　for　that　he　was　neither　well　known；　nor　a　sworn　servant　of　the　Queen；　at　which　repulse；　the　gentleman　（bearing　high　on　my　lord's　favour）　told　him　that　he　might；　perchance；　procure　him　a　discharge。　　Leicester　coming　to　the　contestation；　said　publicly；　which　was　none　of　his　wonted　speeches；　that　he　was　a　knave；　and　should　not　long　continue　in　his　office；　and　so　turning　about　to　go　to　the　Queen；　Bowyer；　who　was　a　bold　gentleman　and　well…beloved；　stepped　before　him；　and　fell　at　Her　Majesty's　feet；　relates　the　story；　and　humbly　craves　Her　Grace's　pleasure；　and　in　such　a　manner　as　if　he　had　demanded　whether　my　Lord　of　Leicester　was　King；　or　Her　Majesty　Queen：　　whereunto　she　replied　（with　her　wonted　oath；　GOD'S…　DEATH）　〃My　lord；　I　have　wished　you　well；　but　my　favour　is　not　so　locked　up　for　you　that　others　shall　not　participate　thereof；　for　I　have　many　servants　unto　whom　I　have；　and　will；　at　my　pleasure；　bequeath　my　favour；　and　likewise　resume　the　same；　and　if　you　think　to　rule　here；　I　will　take　a　course　to　see　you　forthcoming；　｛23｝　I　will　have　here　but　one　MISTRESS；　and　no　MASTER；　and　look　that　no　ill　happen　to　him；　lest　it　be　severely　required　at　your　hands：〃　which　so　quailed　my　Lord　of　Leicester；　that　his　faint　humility　was；　long　after；　one　of　his　best　virtues。

Moreover；　the　Earl　of　Sussex；　then　Lord　Chamberlain；　was　his　professed　antagonist　to　his　dying　day；　and　for　my　Lord　Hunsdown；　and　Sir　Thomas　Sackville；　after　Lord　Treasurer；　who　were　all　contemporaries；　he　was　wont　to　say　of　them；　that　they　were　of　the　tribe　of　Dan；　and　were　NOLI　ME　TANGERE；　implying　that　they　were　not　to　be　contested　with；　for　they　were；　indeed；　of　the　Queen's　nigh　kindred。

From　whence；　and　in　many　more　instances；　I　conclude　that　she　was　absolute　and　sovereign　mistress　of　her　g