travels in england-第11部分

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From　whence；　and　in　many　more　instances；　I　conclude　that　she　was　absolute　and　sovereign　mistress　of　her　graces；　and　that　all　those　to　whom　she　distributed　her　favours　were　never　more　than　tenants…at…　will；　and　stood　on　no　better　terms　than　her　princely　pleasure；　and　their　good　behaviour。

And　this　also　I　present　as　a　known　observation；　that　she　was；　though　very　capable　of　counsel；　absolute　enough　in　her　own　resolution；　which　was　ever　apparent　even　to　her　last；　and　in　that　of　her　still　aversion　to　grant　Tyrone　｛24｝　the　least　drop　of　her　mercy；　though　earnestly　and　frequently　advised　thereunto；　yea；　wrought　only　by　her　whole　Council　of　State；　with　very　many　reasons；　and；　as　the　state　of　her　kingdom　then　stood；　I　may　speak　it　with　assurance；　necessitated　arguments。

If　we　look　into　her　inclination；　as　it　was　disposed　to　magnificence　or　frugality；　we　shall　find　in　them　many　notable　considerations；　for　all　her　dispensations　were　so　poised　as　though　Discretion　and　Justice　had　both　decreed　to　stand　at　the　beam；　and　see　them　weighed　out　in　due　proportion；　the　maturity　of　her　paces　and　judgments　meeting　in　a　concurrence；　and　that　in　such　an　age　that　seldom　lapseth　to　excess。

To　consider　them　apart；　we　have　not　many　precedents　of　her　LIBERALITY；　nor　any　large　donatives　to　PARTICULAR　men；　my　Lord　of　Essex's　book　of　PARKS　excepted；　which　was　a　princely　gift；　and　some　more　of　a　lesser　size　to　my　Lord　of　Leicester；　Hatton；　and　others。

Her　rewards　chiefly　consisted　in　grants　and　leases　of　offices；　and　places　of　judicature；　but　for　ready　money；　and　in　great　sums；　she　was　very　sparing；　which；　we　may　partly　conceive；　was　a　virtue　rather　drawn　out　of　necessity　than　her　nature；　for　she　had　many　layings…　out；　and　as　her　wars　were　lasting；　so　their　charge　increased　to　the　last　period。　　And　I　am　of　opinion　with　Sir　Walter　Raleigh；　that　those　many　brave　men　of　her　times；　and　of　the　militia；　tasted　little　more　of　her　bounty　than　in　her　grace　and　good　word　with　their　due　entertainment；　for　she　ever　paid　her　soldiers　well；　which　was　the　honour　of　her　times；　and　more　than　her　great　adversary　of　Spain　could　perform；　so　that　when　we　come　to　the　consideration　of　her　FRUGALITY；　the　observation　will　be　little　more　than　that　her　BOUNTY　and　it　were　so　woven　together；　that　the　one　was　｛25｝　stained　by　an　honourable　way　of　sparing。

The　Irish　action　we　may　call　a　malady；　and　a　consumption　of　her　times；　for　it　accompanied　her　to　her　end；　and　it　was　of　so　profuse　and　vast　an　expense；　that　it　drew　near　unto　a　distemperature　of　State；　and　of　passion　in　herself；　for；　towards　her　last；　she　grew　somewhat　hard　to　please；　her　armies　being　accustomed　to　prosperity；　and　the　Irish　prosecution　not　answering　her　expectation；　and　her　wonted　success；　for　it　was　a　good　while　an　unthrifty　and　inauspicious　war；　which　did　much　disturb　and　mislead　her　judgment；　and　the　more　for　that　it　was　a　precedent　taken　out　of　her　own　pattern。

For　as　the　Queen；　by　way　of　division；　had；　at　her　coming　to　the　crown；　supported　the　revolted　States　of　Holland；　so　did　the　King　of　Spain　turn　the　trick　upon　herself；　towards　her　going　out；　by　cherishing　the　Irish　rebellion；　where　it　falls　into　consideration；　what　the　state　of　this　kingdom　and　the　crown　revenues　were　then　able　to　endure　and　embrace。

If　we　look　into　the　establishments　of　those　times　with　the　best　of　the　Irish　army；　counting　the　defeat　of　Blackwater；　with　all　the　precedent　expenses；　as　it　stood　from　my　Lord　of　Essex's　undertaking　of　the　surrender　of　Kingsale；　and　the　General　Mountjoy；　and　somewhat　after；　we　shall　find　the　horse　and　foot　troops　were；　for　three　or　four　years　together；　much　about　twenty　thousand；　besides　the　naval　charge；　which　was　a　dependant　of　the　same　war；　in　that　the　Queen　was　then　forced　to　keep　in　continual　pay　a　strong　fleet　at　sea　to　attend　the　Spanish　coasts　and　parts；　both　to　alarm　the　Spaniards；　and　to　intercept　the　forces　designed　for　the　Irish　assistance；　so　that　the　charge　of　that　war　alone　did　cost　the　Queen　three　hundred　thousand　pounds　per　annum　at　least；　which　was　not　the　moiety　of　her　other　disbursements　and　expenses；　which；　without　the　public　aids；　the　state　of　the　royal　receipts　could　not　have　much　longer　endured；　which；　out　of　her　own　frequent　letters　and　complaints　to　the　Deputy　Mountjoy　for　cashiering　of　that　list　as　soon　as　he　could；　might　be　collected；　for　the　Queen　was　then　driven　into　a　strait。

We　are　naturally　prone　to　applaud　the　times　behind　us；　and　to　vilify　the　present；　for　the　concurrent　of　her　fame　carries　it　to　this　day；　how　loyally　and　victoriously　she　lived　and　died；　without　the　grudge　and　grievance　of　her　people；　yet　the　truth　may　appear　without　detraction　from　the　honour　of　so　great　a　princess。　　It　is　manifest　she　left　more　debts　unpaid；　taken　upon　credit　of　her　privy…seals；　than　her　progenitors　did；　or　could　have　taken　up；　that　were　a　hundred　years　before　her；　which　was　no　inferior　piece　of　State；　to　lay　the　burthen　on　that　house　｛26｝　which　was　best　able　to　bear　it　at　a　dead　lift；　when　neither　her　receipts　could　yield　her　relief　at　the　pinch；　nor　the　urgency　of　her　affairs　endure　the　delays　of　Parliamentary　assistance。　　And　for　such　aids　it　is　likewise　apparent　that　she　received　more；　and　that　with　the　love　of　her　people；　than　any　two　of　her　predecessors　that　took　most；　which　was　a　fortune　strained　out　of　the　subjects；　through　the　plausibility　of　her　comportment；　and　（as　I　would　say；　without　offence）　the　prodigal　distribution　of　her　grace　to　all　sorts　of　subjects；　for　I　believe　no　prince　living；　that　was　so　tender　of　honour；　and　so　exactly　stood　for　the　preservation　of　sovereignty；　was　so　great　a　courtier　of　the　people；　yea；　of　the　Commons；　and　that　stooped　and　declined　low　in　presenting　her　person　to　the　public　view；　as　she　passed　in　her　progress　and　perambulations；　and　in　her　ejaculations　of　her　prayers　on　the　people。

And；　truly；　though　much　may　be　written　in　praise　of　her　providence　and　good　husbandry；　in　that　she　could；　upon　all　good　occasions；　abate　her　magnanimity；　and　therewith　comply　with　the　Parliament；　and　so　always　come　off　both　with　honour　and　profit；　yet　must　we　ascribe　some　part　of　the　commendation　to　the　wisdom　of　the　times；　and　the　choice　of　Parliament…men；　for　I　said　｛27｝　not　that　they　were　at　any　time　given　to　any　violent　or　pertinacious　dispute；　the　elections　being　made　of　grave　and　discreet　persons；　not　factious　and　ambitious　of　fame；　such　as　came　not　to　the　House　with　a　malevolent　spirit　of　contention；　but　with　a　preparation　to　consult　on　the　public　good；　and　rather　to　comply　than　to　contest　with　Majesty：　　neither　dare　I　find　｛28｝　that　the　House　was　weakened　and　pestered　through　the　admission　of　too　many　YOUNG　HEADS；　as　it　hath　been　of　LATTER　times；　which　remembers　me　of　the　Recorder　Martin's　speech　about　the　truth　of　our　late　Sovereign　Lord　King　James；　｛29｝　when　there　were　accounts　taken　of　FORTY　gentlemen　not　above　TWENTY；　and　some　not　exceeding　SIXTEEN　years　of　age；　which　made　him　to　say；　〃that　it　was　the　ancient　custom　for　old　men　to　make　laws　for　young　ones；　but　there　he　saw　the　case　altered；　and　there　were　children　in　the　great　council　of　the　kingdom；　which　came　to　invade　and　invert　nature；　and　to　enact　laws　to　govern　their　fathers。〃　　Such　｛30｝　were　in　the　House　always；　｛31｝　and　took　the　common　cause　into　consideration；　and　they　say　the　Queen　had　many　times　just　cause；　and　need　enough；　to　use　their　assistance：　　neither　do　I　remember　that　the　House　did　ever　capitulate；　or　prefer　their　private　to　the　public　and　the　Queen's　necessities；　but　waited　their　times；　and；　in　the　first　place；　gave　their　supply；　and　according　to　the　exigence　of　her　affairs；　yet　failed　not　at　the　last　to　attain　what　they　desired；　so　that　the　Queen　and　her　Parliaments　had　ever　the　good　fortune　to　depart　in　love；　and　on　reciprocal　terms；　which　are　considerations　that　have　not　been　so　exactly　observed　in　our　LAST　assemblies。　　And　I　would　to　God　they　had　been；　for；　considering　the　great　debts　left　on　the　King；　｛32｝　and　to　what　incumbrances　the　House　itself　had　then　drawn　him；　His　Majesty　was　not　well　used；　though　I　lay　not　the　blame　on　the　whole　suffrage　of　the　House；　where　he　had　many　good　friends；　for　I　dare　avouch　it；　had　the　House　been　freed　of　half　a　dozen　popular　and　discontented　persons　（such　as；　with　the　fellow　that　burnt　the　temple　of　Ephesus；　would　be　talked　of；　though　for　doing　mischief）；　I　am　confident　the　King　had　obtained　that　which；　in　reason；　and　at　his　first　occasion；　he　ought　to　have　received　freely；　and　without　condition。　　But　pardon　this　digression；　which　is　here　remembered；　not　in　the　way　of　aggravation；　but　in　true　zeal　of　the　public　good；　and　presented　IN　CAVEAT　of　future　times：　　for　I　am　not　ignorant　how　the　genius　and　spirit　of　the　kingdom　now　moves　to　make　His　Majesty　amends　on　any　occasion；　and　how　desirous　the　subject　is　to　expiate　that　offence　at　any　rate；　may　it　please　His　Majesty　to　make　a　trial　of　his　subjects'　affections；　and　at　what　price　they　value　now　his　goodness　and　magnanimity。

But　to　our　purpose：　　the　Queen　was　not　to　learn　that；　as　the　strength　of　the　kingdom　consisted　in　the　multitude　of　her　subjects；　so　the　security　of　her　person　consisted　and　rested　in　the　love　and　fidelity　of　her　people；　which　she　politically　affected　（as　it　hath　been　thought）　somewhat　beneath　the　height　of　her　natural　spirit　and　magnanimity。

Moreover；　it　will　be　a　true　note　of　her　providence；　that　she　would　always　listen　to　her　profit：　　for　she　would　not　refuse　the　information　of　meanest　personages；　which　proposed　improvement；　and　had　learned　the　philosophy　of　（HOC　AGERE）　to　look　unto　her　own　work：　of　which　there　is　a　notable　example　of　one　Carmarthen；　an　under　officer　of　the　Custom　House；　who；　observing　his　time；　presented　her　with　a　paper；　showing　how　she　was　abused　in　the　under…renting　of　the　Customs；　and　therewith　humbly　desired　Her　Majesty　to　conceal　him；　for　that　it　did　concern　two　or　three　of　her　great　counsellors；　｛33｝　whom　Customer　Smith　had　bribed　with　two　thousand　pounds　a　man；　so　to　lose　the　Queen　twenty　thousand　pounds　per　annum；　which　being　made　known　to　the　Lords；　they　gave　strict　order　that　Carmarthen　should　not　have　access　to　the　back…stairs；　but；　at　last；　Her　Majesty　smelling　the　craft；　and　missing　Carmarthen；　she　sent　for　him　back；　and　encouraged　hi