travels in england-第2部分

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The　cathedral　of　St。　Paul　was　founded　by　Ethelbert；　King　of　the　Saxons；　and　being　from　time　to　time　re…edified；　increased　to　vastness　and　magnificence；　and　in　revenue　so　much；　that　it　affords　a　plentiful　support　to　a　bishop；　dean；　and　precentor；　treasurer；　four　archdeacons；　twenty…nine　prebendaries；　and　many　others。　　The　roof　of　this　church；　as　of　most　others　in　England；　with　the　adjoining　steeple；　is　covered　with　lead。

On　the　right　side　of　the　choir　is　the　marble　tomb　of　Nicholas　Bacon；　with　his　wife。　　Not　far　from　this　is　a　magnificent　monument；　ornamented　with　pyramids　of　marble　and　alabaster；　with　this　inscription：


Sacred　to　the　memory　of

Sir　Christopher　Hatton；　son　of　William；　grandson　of　John；　of　the　most　ancient　family　of　the　Hattons；　one　of　the　fifty　gentlemen　pensioners　to　Her　Majesty　Queen　Elizabeth：　　Gentleman　of　the　privy　chamber；　captain　of　the　guards；　one　of　the　Privy　Council；　and　High　Chancellor　of　England；　and　of　the　University　of　Oxford：　　who；　to　the　great　grief　of　his　Sovereign；　and　of　all　good　men；　ended　this　life　religiously；　after　having　lived　unmarried　to　the　age　of　fifty…one；　at　his　house　in　Holborn；　on　the　20th　of　November；　A。D。　1591。

William　Hatton；　knight；　his　nephew　by　his　sister's　side；　and　by　adoption　his　son　and　heir；　most　sorrowfully　raised　this　tomb；　as　a　mark　of　his　duty。


On　the　left　hand　is　the　marble　monument　of　William　Herbert；　Earl　of　Pembroke；　and　his　lady：　　and　near　it；　that　of　John；　Duke　of　Lancaster；　with　this　inscription


Here　sleeps　in　the　Lord；　John　of　Gant；　so　called　from　the　city　of　the　same　name　of　Flanders；　where　he　was　born；　fourth　son　of　Edward　the　Third；　King　of　England；　and　created　by　his　father　Earl　of　Richmond。　　He　was　thrice　married；　first　to　Blanche；　daughter　and　heiress　of　Henry　Duke　of　Lancaster；　by　her　he　received　an　immense　inheritance；　and　became　not　only　Duke　of　Lancaster；　but　Earl　of　Leicester；　Lincoln；　and　Derby；　of　whose　race　are　descended　many　emperors；　kings；　princes；　and　nobles。　　His　second　wife　was　Constance；　who　is　here　buried；　daughter　and　heiress　of　Peter；　King　of　Castile　and　Leon；　in　whose　right　he　most　justly　｛2｝　took　the　style　of　King　of　Castile　and　Leon。　　She　brought　him　one　only　daughter；　Catherine；　of　whom；　by　Henry；　are　descended　the　Kings　of　Spain。　　His　third　wife　was　Catherine；　of　a　knight's　family；　a　woman　of　great　beauty；　by　whom　he　had　a　numerous　progeny；　from　which　is　descended；　by　the　mother's　side；　Henry　the　Seventh；　the　most　prudent　King　of　England；　by　whose　most　happy　marriage　with　Elizabeth；　daughter　of　Edward　the　Fourth；　of　the　line　of　York；　the　two　royal　lines　of　Lancaster　and　York　are　united；　to　the　most　desired　tranquillity　of　England。

The　most　illustrious　prince；　John；　surnamed　Plantagenet；　King　of　Castile　and　Leon；　Duke　of　Lancaster；　Earl　of　Richmond；　Leicester；　and　Derby；　Lieutenant　of　Aquitain；　High　Steward　of　England；　died　in　the　twenty…first　year　of　Richard　II。；　A。D。　1398。


A　little　farther；　almost　at　the　entrance　of　the　choir；　in　a　certain　recess；　are　two　small　stone　chests；　one　of　which　is　thus　inscribed：


Here　lies　Seba；　King　of　the　East　Saxons；　who　was　converted　to　the　faith　by　St。　Erkenwald；　Bishop　of　London；　A。D。　677。


On　the　other：


Here　lies　Ethelred；　King　of　the　Angles；　son　of　King　Edgar；

On　whom　St。　Dustan　is　said　to　have　denounced　vengeance；　on　his　coronation　day；　in　the　following　words：…　〃Inasmuch　as　thou　hast　aspired　to　the　throne　by　the　death　of　thy　brother；　against　whose　blood　the　English；　along　with　thy　infamous　mother；　conspired；　the　sword　shall　not　pass　from　thy　house！　but　rage　all　the　days　of　thy　life；　afflicting　all　thy　generation；　till　thy　kingdom　shall　be　translated　to　another；　whose　manner　and　language　the　people　under　thee　knoweth　not。　　Nor　shall　thy　sin　be　done　away　till　after　long　chastisement；　nor　the　sin　of　thy　mother；　nor　the　sin　of　those　men　who　assisted　in　thy　wicked　council。〃

All　which　came　to　pass　as　predicted　by　the　saint；　for　after　being　worsted　and　put　to　flight　by　Sueno　King　of　the　Danes；　and　his　son　Canute；　and　at　last　closely　besieged　in　London；　he　died　miserably　A。D。　1017；　after　he　had　reigned　thirty…six　years　in　great　difficulties。


There　is　besides　in　the　middle　of　the　church　a　tomb　made　of　brass；　of　some　Bishop　of　London；　named　William；　who　was　in　favour　with　Edward；　King　of　England；　and　afterwards　made　counsellor　to　King　William。　　He　was　bishop　sixteen　years；　and　died　A。D。　1077。　　Near　this　is　the　following　inscription：


Virtue　survives　the　funeral。　To　the　memory　of　Thomas　Linacre；　an　eminent　physician；　John　Caius　placed　this　monument。


On　the　lower　part　of　it　is　this　inscription　in　gold　letters：


Thomas　Linacre；　physician　to　King　Henry　VIII。；　a　man　learned　in　the　Greek　and　Latin　languages；　and　particularly　skilful　in　physick；　by　which　he　restored　many　from　a　state　of　languishment　and　despair　to　life。　　He　translated　with　extraordinary　eloquence　many　of　Galen's　works　into　Latin；　and　published；　a　little　before　his　death；　at　the　request　of　his　friends；　a　very　valuable　book　on　the　correct　structure　of　the　Latin　tongue。　　He　founded　in　perpetuity　in　favour　of　students　in　physick；　two　public　lectures　at　Oxford；　and　one　at　Cambridge。　　In　this　city　he　brought　about；　by　his　own　industry；　the　establishing　of　a　College　of　Physicians；　of　which　he　was　elected　the　first　president。　　He　was　a　detester　of　all　fraud　and　deceit；　and　faithful　in　his　friendships；　equally　dear　to　men　of　all　ranks：　　he　went　into　orders　a　few　years　before　his　death；　and　quitted　this　life　full　of　years；　and　much　lamented；　A。D。　1524；　on　the　29th　of　October。


There　are　many　tombs　in　this　church；　but　without　any　inscriptions。　It　has　a　very　fine　organ；　which；　at　evening　prayer；　accompanied　with　other　instruments；　is　delightful。

In　the　suburb　to　the　west；　joined　to　the　city　by　a　continual　row　of　palaces　belonging　to　the　chief　nobility；　of　a　mile　in　length；　and　lying　on　the　side　next　the　Thames；　is　the　small　town　of　Westminster；　originally　called　Thorney；　from　its　thorn　bushes；　but　now　Westminster；　from　its　aspect　and　its　monastery。　　The　church　is　remarkable　for　the　coronation　and　burial　of　the　Kings　of　England。　Upon　this　spot　is　said　formerly　to　have　stood　a　temple　of　Apollo；　which　was　thrown　down　by　an　earthquake　in　the　time　of　Antoninus　Pius；　from　the　ruins　of　which　Sebert；　King　of　the　East　Saxons；　erected　another　to　St。　Peter：　　this　was　subverted　by　the　Danes；　and　again　renewed　by　Bishop　Dunstan；　who　gave　it　to　a　few　monks。　Afterwards；　King　Edward　the　Confessor　built　it　entirely　new；　with　the　tenth　of　his　whole　revenue；　to　be　the　place　of　his　own　burial；　and　a　convent　of　Benedictine　monks；　and　enriched　it　with　estates　dispersed　all　over　England。

In　this　church　the　following　things　are　worthy　of　notice：

In　the　first　choir；　the　tomb　of　Anne　of　Cleves；　wife　of　Henry　VIII。；　without　any　inscription。

On　the　opposite　side　are　two　stone　sepulchres：

（1）　　Edward；　Earl　of　Lancaster；　brother　of　Edward　I。；　（2）　　Ademar　of　Valence；　Earl　of　Pembroke；　son　of　Ademar　of　Valence。　　Joining　to　these　is　（3）　that　of　Aveline；　Countess　of　Lancaster。

In　the　second　choir　is　the　chair　on　which　the　kings　are　seated　when　they　are　crowned；　in　it　is　enclosed　a　stone；　said　to　be　that　on　which　the　patriarch　Jacob　slept　when　he　dreamed　he　saw　a　ladder　reaching　quite　up　into　heaven。　　Some　Latin　verses　are　written　upon　a　tablet　hanging　near　it；　the　sense　of　which　is：


That　if　any　faith　is　to　be　given　to　ancient　chronicles；　a　stone　of　great　note　is　enclosed　in　this　chair；　being　the　same　on　which　the　patriarch　Jacob　reposed　when　he　beheld　the　miraculous　descent　of　angels。　　Edward　I。；　the　Mars　and　Hector　of　England；　having　conquered　Scotland；　brought　it　from　thence。

The　tomb　of　Richard　II。　and　his　wife；　of　brass；　gilt；　and　these　verses　written　round　it：


Perfect　and　prudent；　Richard；　by　right　the　Second；　Vanquished　by　Fortune；　lies　here　now　graven　in　stone；　True　of　his　word；　and　thereto　well　renound：　Seemly　in　person；　and　like　to　Homer　as　one　In　worldly　prudence；　and　ever　the　Church　in　one　Upheld　and　favoured；　casting　the　proud　to　ground；　And　all　that　would　his　royal　state　confound。


Without　the　tomb　is　this　inscription：


Here　lies　King　Richard；　who　perished　by　a　cruel　death；　in　the　year　1369。　To　have　been　happy　is　additional　misery。


Near　him　is　the　monument　of　his　queen；　daughter　of　the　Emperor　Wenceslaus。

On　the　left　hand　is　the　tomb　of　Edward　I。；　with　this　inscription：


Here　lies　Edward　I。；　who　humbled　the　Scots。　A。D。　1308。　Be　true　to　your　engagements。


He　reigned　forty…six　years。

The　tomb　of　Edward　III。；　of　copper；　gilt；　with　this　epitaph：


Of　English　kings　here　lieth　the　beauteous　flower　Of　all　before　past；　and　myrror　to　them　shall　sue：　A　merciful　king；　of　peace　conservator；　The　third　Edward；　&c。


Besides　the　tomb　are　these　words：


Edward　III。；　whose　fame　has　reached　to　heaven。　　A。D。　1377；　Fight　for　your　country。


Here　is　shown　his　sword；　eight　feet　in　length；　which　they　say　he　used　in　the　conquest　of　France。

His　queen's　epitaph：


Here　lies　Queen　Philippa；　wife　of　Edward　III。　　Learn　to　live。　　A。D。　1369。


At　a　little　distance；　the　tomb　of　Henry　V。；　with　this　legend：


Henry；　the　scourge　of　France；　lies　in　this　tomb。　　Virtue　subdues　all　things。　　A。D。　1422。


Near　this　lies　the　coffin　of　Catherine；　unburied；　and　to　be　opened　by　anyone　that　pleases。　　On　the　outside　is　this　inscription：


Fair　Catherine　is　at　length　united　to　her　lord。　　A。D。　1437。　Shun　idleness。


The　tomb　of　Henry　III。；　of　brass；　gilt；　with　this　epitaph：


Henry　III。；　the　founder　of　this　cathedral。　　A。D。　1273。　　War　is　delightful　to　the　unexperienced。


It　was　this　Henry　who；　one　hundred　and　sixty　years　after　Edward　the　Confessor　had　built　this　church；　took　it　down；　and　raised　an　entire　new　one　of　beautiful　architecture；　supported　by　rows　of　marble　columns；　and　its　roof　covered　with　sheets　of　lead；　a　work　of　fifty　years　before　its　completion。　　It　has　been　much　enlarged　at　the　west　end　by　the　abbots。　　After　the　expulsion　of　the　monks；　it　experienced　many　changes；　first　it　had　a　dean　and　prebendaries；　then　a　bishop；　who；　having　squandered　the　revenues；　resigned　it　again　to　a　dean。　In　a　little　time；　the　monks　with　their　abbot　were　reinstated　by　Queen　Mary