travels in england-第6部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完，想下次继续接着阅读，可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能！


aber；　a　Spaniard；　is　thought　to　have　first　instituted　this　academy　375　years　before　Christ；　and　Sebert；　King　of　the　East　Angles；　to　have　restored　it　A。D。　630。　　It　was　afterwards　subverted　in　the　confusion　under　the　Danes；　and　lay　long　neglected；　till　upon　the　Norman　Conquest　everything　began　to　brighten　up　again：　　from　that　time　inns　and　halls　for　the　convenient　lodging　of　students　began　to　be　built；　but　without　any　revenues　annexed　to　them。

The　first　college；　called　Peter　House；　was　built　and　endowed　by　Hugh　Balsam；　Bishop　of　Ely；　A。D。　1280；　and；　in　imitation　of　him；　Richard　Badew；　with　the　assistance　of　Elizabeth　Burke；　Countess　of　Clare　and　Ulster；　founded　Clare　Hall　in　1326；　Mary　de　St。　Paul；　Countess　of　Pembroke；　Pembroke　Hall　in　1343；　the　Monks　of　Corpus　Christi；　the　college　of　the　same　name；　though　it　has　besides　that　of　Bennet；　John　Craudene；　Trinity　Hall；　1354；　Edmond　Gonville；　in　1348；　and　John　Caius；　a　physician　in　our　times；　Gonville　and　Caius　College；　King　Henry　VI。；　King's　College；　in　1441；　adding　to　it　a　chapel　that　may　justly　claim　a　place　among　the　most　beautiful　buildings　in　the　world。　　On　its　right　side　is　a　fine　library；　where　we　saw　the　〃Book　of　Psalms〃　in　manuscript；　upon　parchment　four　spans　in　length　and　three　broad；　taken　from　the　Spaniards　at　the　siege　of　Cadiz；　and　thence　brought　into　England　with　other　rich　spoils。　　Margaret　of　Anjou；　his　wife；　founded　Queen's　College；　1448；　at　the　same　time　that　John　Alcock；　Bishop　of　Ely；　built　Jesus　College；　Robert　Woodlarke；　Catherine　Hall；　Margaret　of　Richmond；　mother　of　King　Henry　VII。；　Christ's　and　St。　John's　Colleges；　about　1506；　Thomas　Audley；　Chancellor　of　England；　Magdalen　College；　much　increased　since　both　in　buildings　and　revenue　by　Christopher　Wray；　Lord　Chief　Justice；　and　the　most　potent　King　Henry　VIII。　erected　Trinity　College　for　religion　and　polite　lettersin　its　chapel　is　the　tomb　of　Dr。　Whitacre；　with　an　inscription　in　gold　letters　upon　marble；　Emanuel　College；　built　in　our　own　times　by　the　most　honourable　and　prudent　Sir　Walter　Mildmay；　one　of　Her　Majesty's　Privy　Council；　and　lastly；　Sidney　College；　now　first　building　by　the　executors　of　the　Lady　Frances　Sidney；　｛11｝　Countess　of　Sussex。

We　must　note　here　that　there　is　certain　sect　in　England　called　Puritans；　these；　according　to　the　doctrine　of　the　Church　of　Geneva；　reject　all　ceremonies　anciently　held；　and　admit　of　neither　organs　nor　tombs　in　their　places　of　worship；　and　entirely　abhor　all　difference　in　rank　among　Churchmen；　such　as　bishops；　deans；　&c。；　they　were　first　named　Puritans　by　the　Jesuit　Sandys。　　They　do　not　live　separate；　but　mix　with　those　of　the　Church　of　England　in　the　colleges。

Potton；　a　village。

Ampthill；　a　town；　here　we　saw　immense　numbers　of　rabbits；　which　are　reckoned　as　good　as　hares；　and　are　very　well　tasted。

We　passed　through　the　towns　of　Woburn；　Leighton；　Aylesbury；　and　Wheatley。

Oxonium；　Oxford；　the　famed　Athens　of　England；　that　glorious　seminary　of　learning　and　wisdom；　whence　religion；　politeness；　and　letters；　are　abundantly　dispersed　into　all　parts　of　the　kingdom。　　The　town　is　remarkably　fine；　whether　you　consider　the　elegance　of　its　private　buildings；　the　magnificence　of　its　public　ones；　or　the　beauty　and　wholesomeness　of　its　situation；　which　is　on　a　plain；　encompassed　in　such　a　manner　with　hills；　shaded　with　wood；　as　to　be　sheltered　on　the　one　hand　from　the　sickly　south；　and　on　the　other　from　the　blustering　west；　but　open　to　the　east；　that　blows　serene　weather；　and　to　the　north；　the　preventer　of　corruption；　from　which；　in　the　opinion　of　some；　it　formerly　obtained　the　appellation　of　Bellositum。　This　town　is　watered　by　two　rivers；　the　Cherwell　and　the　Isis；　vulgarly　called　the　Ouse；　and　though　these　streams　join　in　the　same　channel；　yet　the　Isis　runs　more　entire　and　with　more　rapidity　towards　the　south；　retaining　its　name　till　it　meets　the　Thame；　which　it　seems　long　to　have　sought；　at　Wallingford；　thence；　called　by　the　compound　name　of　Thames；　it　flows　the　prince　of　all　British　rivers；　of　whom　we　may　justly　say；　as　the　ancients　did　of　the　Euphrates；　that　it　both　sows　and　waters　England。

The　colleges　in　this　famous　University　are　as　follows：…

In　the　reign　of　Henry　III。；　Walter　Merton；　Bishop　of　Rochester；　removed　the　college　he　had　founded　in　Surrey；　1274；　to　Oxford；　enriched　it；　and　named　it　Merton　College；　and　soon　after；　William；　Archdeacon　of　Durham；　restored；　with　additions；　that　building　of　Alfred's　now　called　University　College；　in　the　reign　of　Edward　I。；　John　Baliol；　King　of　Scotland；　or；　as　some　will　have　it；　his　parents；　founded　Baliol　College；　in　the　reign　of　Edward　II。；　Walter　Stapleton；　Bishop　of　Exeter；　founded　Exeter　College　and　Hart　Hall；　and；　in　imitation　of　him；　the　King；　King's　College；　commonly　called　Oriel；　and　St。　Mary's　Hall；　next；　Philippa；　wife　of　Edward　III。；　built　Queen's　College；　and　Simon　Islip；　Archbishop　of　Canterbury；　Canterbury　College；　William　Wykeham；　Bishop　of　Winchester；　raised　that　magnificent　structure　called　New　College；　Magdalen　College　was　built　by　William　Wainflete；　Bishop　of　Winchester；　a　noble　edifice；　finely　situated　and　delightful　for　its　walks；　at　the　same　time；　Humphrey；　Duke　of　Gloucester；　that　great　encourager　of　learning；　built　the　Divinity　School　very　splendidly；　and　over　it　a　library；　to　which　he　gave　an　hundred　and　twenty…nine　very　choice　books；　purchased　at　a　great　price　from　Italy；　but　the　public　has　long　since　been　robbed　of　the　use　of　them　by　the　avarice　of　particulars：　Lincoln　College；　All　Souls'　College；　St。　Bernard's　College；　Brazen…　Nose　College；　founded　by　William　Smith；　Bishop　of　Lincoln；　in　the　reign　of　Henry　VII。；　its　revenues　were　augmented　by　Alexander　Nowel；　Dean　of　St。　Paul's；　London；　upon　the　gate　of　this　college　is　fixed　a　nose　of　brass；　Corpus　Christi　College；　built　by　Richard　Fox；　Bishop　of　Winchesterunder　his　picture　in　the　College　chapel　are　lines　importing　that　it　is　the　exact　representation　of　his　person　and　dress。

Christ's　Church；　the　largest　and　most　elegant　of　them　all；　was　begun　on　the　ground　of　St。　Frideswide's　Monastery；　by　Thomas　Wolsey；　Cardinal　of　York；　to　which　Henry　VIII。　joined　Canterbury　College；　settled　great　revenues　upon　it；　and　named　it　Christ's　Church；　the　same　great　prince；　out　of　his　own　treasury；　to　the　dignity　of　the　town　and　ornament　of　the　University；　made　the　one　a　bishoprie；　and　instituted　professorships　in　the　other。

Jesus　College；　built　by　Hugh　Price；　Doctor　of　Laws。

That　fine　edifice；　the　Public　Schools；　was　entirely　raised　by　Queen　Mary；　and　adorned　with　various　inscriptions。

Thus　far　of　the　colleges　and　halls；　which　for　the　beauty　of　their　buildings；　their　rich　endowments；　and　copious　libraries；　excel　all　the　academies　in　the　Christian　world。　　We　shall　add　a　little　of　the　academies　themselves；　and　those　that　inhabit　them。

These　students　lead　a　life　almost　monastic；　for　as　the　monks　had　nothing　in　the　world　to　do　but　when　they　had　said　their　prayers　at　stated　hours　to　employ　themselves　in　instructive　studies；　no　more　have　these。　　They　are　divided　into　three　tables：　　the　first　is　called　the　Fellows'　table；　to　which　are　admitted　earls；　barons；　gentlemen；　doctors；　and　Masters　of　Arts；　but　very　few　of　the　latter…　…this　is　more　plentifully　and　expensively　served　than　the　others；　the　second　is　for　Masters　of　Arts；　Bachelors；　some　gentlemen；　and　eminent　citizens；　the　third　for　people　of　low　condition。　　While　the　rest　are　at　dinner　or　supper　in　a　great　hall；　where　they　are　all　assembled；　one　of　the　students　reads　aloud　the　Bible；　which　is　placed　on　a　desk　in　the　middle　of　the　hall；　and　this　office　every　one　of　them　takes　upon　himself　in　his　turn。　　As　soon　as　grace　is　said　after　each　meal；　every　one　is　at　liberty　either　to　retire　to　his　own　chambers　or　to　walk　in　the　College　garden；　there　being　none　that　has　not　a　delightful　one。　　Their　habit　is　almost　the　same　as　that　of　the　Jesuits；　their　gowns　reaching　down　to　their　ankles；　sometimes　lined　with　fur；　they　wear　square　caps。　　The　doctors；　Masters　of　Arts；　and　professors；　have　another　kind　of　gown　that　distinguishes　them。　　Every　student　of　any　considerable　standing　has　a　key　to　the　College　library；　for　no　college　is　without　one。

In　an　out…part　of　the　town　are　the　remains　of　a　pretty　large　fortification；　but　quite　in　ruins。　　We　were　entertained　at　supper　with　an　excellent　concert；　composed　of　a　variety　of　instruments。

The　next　day　we　went　as　far　as　the　Royal　Palace　of　Woodstock；　where　King　Ethelred　formerly　held　a　Parliament；　and　enacted　certain　laws。　This　palace；　abounding　in　magnificence；　was　built　by　Henry　I。；　to　which　he　joined　a　very　large　park；　enclosed　with　a　wall；　according　to　John　Rosse；　the　first　park　in　England。　　In　this　very　palace　the　present　reigning　Queen　Elizabeth；　before　she　was　confined　to　the　Tower；　was　kept　prisoner　by　her　sister　Mary。　　While　she　was　detained　here；　in　the　utmost　peril　of　her　life；　she　wrote　with　a　piece　of　charcoal　the　following　verse；　composed　by　herself；　upon　a　window　shutter：…


〃O　Fortune！　how　thy　restless　wavering　state　Hath　fraught　with　cares　my　troubled　wit！　Witness　this　present　prison　whither　fate　Hath　borne　me；　and　the　joys　I　quit。　Thou　causedest　the　guilty　to　be　loosed　From　bands　wherewith　are　innocents　enclosed；　Causing　the　guiltless　to　be　strait　reserved；　And　freeing　those　that　death　had　well　deserved：　But　by　her　envy　can　be　nothing　wrought；　So　God　send　to　my　foes　all　they　have　thought。　A。D。；　M。D。L。V。〃　〃Elizabeth；　Prisoner。


Not　far　from　this　palace　are　to　be　seen；　near　a　spring　of　the　brightest　water；　the　ruins　of　the　habitation　of　Rosamond　Clifford；　whose　exquisite　beauty　so　entirely　captivated　the　heart　of　King　Henry　II。　that　he　lost　the　thought　of　all　other　women；　she　is　said　to　have　been　poisoned　at　last　by　the　Queen。　　All　that　remains　of　her　tomb　of　stone；　the　letters　of　which　are　almost　worn　out；　is　the　following：…


〃　。　。　。　Adorent；　Utque　tibi　detur　requies　Rosamunda　precamur。〃


The　rhyming　epitaph　following　was　probably　the　performance　of　some　monk：…


〃Hic　jacet　in　tumba　Rosamundi　non　Rosamunda；　Non　redolet　sed　olet；　quae　redolere　solet。〃


Returning　from　hence　to　Oxford；　after　dinner　we　proceeded　on　our　journey；　and　passed　through　Ewhelme；　a　royal　palace；　in　which　some　alms…people　are　supported　by　an　allowance　from　the