travels in england-第9部分

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　to　have　first　crept　into　England　with　the　Norman　Conquest；　their　houses　are　commonly　of　two　storeys；　except　in　London；　where　they　are　of　three　and　four；　though　but　seldom　of　four；　they　are　built　of　wood；　those　of　the　richer　sort　with　bricks；　their　roofs　are　low；　and；　where　the　owner　has　money；　covered　with　lead。

They　are　powerful　in　the　field；　successful　against　their　enemies；　impatient　of　anything　like　slavery；　vastly　fond　of　great　noises　that　fill　the　ear；　such　as　the　firing　of　cannon；　drums；　and　the　ringing　of　bells；　so　that　it　is　common　for　a　number　of　them；　that　have　got　a　glass　in　their　heads；　to　go　up　into　the　belfry；　and　ring　the　bells　for　hours　together　for　the　sake　of　exercise。　　If　they　see　a　foreigner　very　well　made；　or　particularly　handsome；　they　will　say；　〃It　is　a　pity　he　is　not　an　Englishman！〃



THE　ILLUSTRIOUS　FAMILIES　OF　ENGLAND



Thomas　Howard；　Duke　of　Norfolk；　hereditary　Marshal　of　England：　　the　duchy　is　extinct　for　rebellion；　the　last　duke　being　beheaded。

Grey；　Duke　of　Suffolk；　attainted　under　Queen　Mary。

Philip　Howard；　Earl　of　Arundel　in　his　mother's　right；　and　of　Surrey　by　his　father；　son　of　the　abovementioned　Duke　of　Norfolk；　he　himself　condemned　for　high　treason；　and　his　titles　forfeited。

Edward　Vere；　Earl　of　Oxford；　hereditary　Chamberlain　of　England。

Percy；　Earl　of　Northumberland；　descended　from　the　Dukes　of　Brabant。

Charles　Nevill；　Earl　of　Westmoreland；　banished　into　Holland；　and　deprived　of　his　fortunes　and　dignities　for　rebellion。

Talbot；　Earl　of　Shrewsbury。

Grey；　Earl　of　Kent；　has　but　a　small　estate。

Stanley；　Earl　of　Derby；　and　King　of　Man。

Manners；　Earl　of　Rutland。

Somerset；　Earl　of　Worcester；　descended　from　a　bastard　of　the　Somerset　family；　which　itself　is　of　the　royal　family　of　the　Plantagenets。

Clifford；　Earl　of　Cumberland。

Ratcliff；　Earl　of　Sussex。

Hastings；　Earl　of　Huntingdon；　of　the　line　of　York；　by　the　mother's　side。

Bourchier；　Earl　of　Bath。

Ambrose　Sutton；　alias　Dudley；　Earl　of　Warwick；　died　a　few　years　since；　childless。

Wriothesly；　Earl　of　Southampton。

Russell；　Earl　of　Bedford。

Herbert；　Earl　of　Pembroke。

Edward　Seymour；　Earl　of　Hertford；　son　of　the　Duke　of　Somerset；　who　was　beheaded　in　the　reign　of　Edward　VI。

Robert　Sutton；　or　Dudley；　Earl　of　Leicester；　brother　of　the　Earl　of　Warwick；　died　a　few　years　ago。

Robert　d'Evereux；　Earl　of　Essex；　and　of　Ewe　in　Normandy；　created　hereditary　Marshal　of　England　in　1598。

Charles　Howard；　of　the　Norfolk　family；　created　Earl　of　Nottingham；　1597；　Lord　High　Admiral　of　England；　and　Privy　Counsellor。

Fynes；　Earl　of　Lincoln。

Brown；　Viscount　Montacute。

Howard；　of　the　Norfolk　family；　Viscount　Bindon。

Nevill；　Baron　Abergavenny；　this　barony　is　controverted。

Touchet；　Baron　Audley。

Zouch；　Baron　Zouch。

Peregrine　Bertie；　Baron　Willoughby　of　Eresby　and　Brooke；　Governor　of　Berwick。

Berkley；　Baron　Berkley；　of　the　ancient　family　of　the　Kings　of　Denmark。

Parker；　Baron　Morley。

Dacre；　Baron　Dacre　of　Gyllesland：　　this　barony　is　vacant。

Dacre；　Baron　Dacre　of　the　South：　　he　died　four　years　since；　and　the　barony　devolved　to　his　daughter。

Brook；　Baron　Cobham；　Warden　of　the　Cinque　Ports。

Stafford；　Baron　Stafford；　reduced　to　want；　he　is　heir　to　the　family　of　the　Dukes　of　Buckingham；　who　were　hereditary　Constables　of　England。

Gray；　Baron　Gray　of　Wilton。

Scroop；　Baron　Scroop　of　Boulton。

Sutton；　Baron　Dudley。

Stourton；　Baron　Stourton。

Nevill；　Baron　Latimer；　died　some　years　since　without　heirs　male；　the　title　controverted。

Lumley；　Baron　Lumley。

Blunt；　Baron　Montjoy。

Ogle；　Baron　Ogle。

Darcy；　Baron　Darcy。

Parker；　Baron　Montegle；　son　and　heir　of　Baron　Morley；　he　has　this　barony　in　right　of　his　mother；　of　the　family　of　Stanley。

Sandys；　Baron　Sandys。

Vaux；　Baron　Vaux。

Windsor；　Baron　Windsor。

Wentworth；　Baron　Wentworth。

Borough；　Baron　Borough；　reduced　to　want。

Baron　Mordaunt。　　Baron　Eure。

Baron　Rich。　　Baron　Sheffield。

Baron　North；　Privy　Counsellor；　and　Treasurer　of　the　Household。

Baron　Hunsdon；　Privy　Counsellor；　and　Lord　Chamberlain。

Sackville；　Baron　Buckhurst；　Privy　Counsellor。

Thomas　Cecil；　Baron　Burleigh；　son　of　the　Treasurer。

Cecil；　Lord　Roos；　grandson　of　the　Treasurer；　yet　a　child：　　he　holds　the　barony　in　right　of　his　mother；　daughter　to　the　Earl　of　Rutland。

Howard　of　Maltravers；　son　of　the　Earl　of　Arundel；　not　yet　restored　in　blood。

Baron　Cheyny。

Baron　Cromwell。　　Baron　Wharton。

Baron　Willoughby　of　Parham。

Baron　Pagett；　in　exile；　attainted。

Baron　Chandois。　　Baron　St。　John。

Baron　Delaware：　　his　ancestors　took　the　King　of　France　prisoner。

Baron　Compton；　has　squandered　almost　all　his　substance。

Baron　Norris。

Thomas　Howard；　second　son　of　the　Duke　of　Norfolk；　Baron　Audley　of　Saffronwalden；　in　his　mother's　right。

William；　third　son　of　the　Duke　of　Norfolk；　is　neither　a　baron；　nor　yet　restored　in　blood。

Thus　far　of　noble　families。


We　set　out　from　London　in　a　boat；　and　fell　down　the　river；　leaving　Greenwich；　which　we　have　spoken　of　before；　on　the　right　hand。

Barking；　a　town　in　sight　on　the　left。

Gravesend；　a　small　town；　famous　for　the　convenience　of　its　port；　the　largest　Dutch　ships　usually　call　here。　　As　we　were　to　proceed　farther　from　hence　by　water；　we　took　our　last　leave　here　of　the　noble　Bohemian　David　Strziela；　and　his　tutor　Tobias　Salander；　our　constant　fellow…travellers　through　France　and　England；　they　designing　to　return　home　through　Holland；　we　on　a　second　tour　into　France；　but　it　pleased　Heaven　to　put　a　stop　to　their　design；　for　the　worthy　Strziela　was　seized　with　a　diarrhoea　a　few　days　before　our　departure；　and；　as　we　afterwards　learned　by　letters　from　Salander；　died　in　a　few　days　of　a　violent　fever　in　London。

Queenborough：　　we　left　the　castle　on　our　right；　a　little　farther　we　saw　the　fishing　of　oysters　out　of　the　sea；　which　are　nowhere　in　greater　plenty　or　perfection；　witness　Ortelius　in　his　Epitome；　&c。

Whitstable；　here　we　went　ashore。

Canterbury；　we　came　to　it　on　foot；　this　is　the　seat　of　the　Archbishop；　Primate　of　all　England；　a　very　ancient　town；　and；　without　doubt；　of　note　in　the　time　of　the　Romans。

Here　are　two　monasteries　almost　contiguous；　namely　of　Christ　and　St。　Augustine；　both　of　them　once　filled　with　Benedictine　Monks：　　the　former　was　afterwards　dedicated　to　St。　Thomas　a　Becket；　the　name　of　Christ　being　obliterated；　it　stands　almost　in　the　middle　of　the　town；　and　with　so　much　majesty　lifts　itself；　and　its　two　towers；　to　a　stupendous　height；　that；　as　Erasmus　says；　it　strikes　even　those　who　only　see　it　at　a　distance　with　awe。

In　the　choir；　which　is　shut　up　with　iron　rails；　are　the　following　monuments：…

King　Henry　IV。；　with　his　wife　Joan　of　Navarre；　of　white　marble。

Nicholas　Wootton；　Privy　Counsellor　to　Henry　VIII。；　Edward　VI。；　Mary；　and　Elizabeth；　Kings　and　Queens　of　England。

Of　Prince　Edward；　Duke　of　Aquitaine　and　Cornwall；　and　Earl　of　Chester。

Reginald　Pole；　with　this　inscription：


〃The　remains　of　Reginald　Pole；　Cardinal　and　Archbishop　of　Canterbury。〃


Cardinal　Chatillon。

We　were　then　shown　the　chair　in　which　the　bishops　are　placed　when　they　are　installed。　　In　the　vestibule　of　the　church；　on　the　south　side；　stand　the　statues　of　three　men　armed；　cut　in　stone；　who　slew　Thomas　a　Becket；　Archbishop　of　Canterbury；　made　a　saint　for　this　martyrdom；　their　names　are　adjoined　…

Tusci；　Fusci；　Berri。　｛18｝

Being　tired　with　walking；　we　refreshed　ourselves　here　with　a　mouthful　of　bread　and　some　ale；　and　immediately　mounted　post…horses；　and　arrived　about　two　or　three　o'clock　in　the　morning　at　Dover。　　In　our　way　to　it；　which　was　rough　and　dangerous　enough；　the　following　accident　happened　to　us：　　our　guide；　or　postillion；　a　youth；　was　before　with　two　of　our　company；　about　the　distance　of　a　musketshot；　we；　by　not　following　quick　enough；　had　lost　sight　of　our　friends；　we　came　afterwards　to　where　the　road　divided；　on　the　right　it　was　down…　hill　and　marshy；　on　the　left　was　a　small　hill：　　whilst　we　stopped　here　in　doubt；　and　consulted　which　of　the　roads　we　should　take；　we　saw　all　on　a　sudden　on　our　right　hand　some　horsemen；　their　stature；　dress；　and　horses　exactly　resembling　those　of　our　friends；　glad　of　having　found　them　again；　we　determined　to　set　on　after　them；　but　it　happened；　through　God's　mercy；　that　though　we　called　to　them；　they　did　not　answer　us；　but　kept　on　down　the　marshy　road　at　such　a　rate；　that　their　horses'　feet　struck　fire　at　every　stretch；　which　made　us；　with　reason；　begin　to　suspect　they　were　thieves；　having　had　warning　of　such；　or　rather；　that　they　were　nocturnal　spectres；　who；　as　we　were　afterwards　told；　are　frequently　seen　in　those　places：　　there　were　likewise　a　great　many　Jack…a…lanterns；　so　that　we　were　quite　seized　with　horror　and　amazement！　　But；　fortunately　for　us；　our　guide　soon　after　sounded　his　horn；　and　we；　following　the　noise；　turned　down　the　left…hand　road；　and　arrived　safe　to　our　companions；　who；　when　we　had　asked　them　if　they　had　not　seen　the　horsemen　who　had　gone　by　us；　answered；　not　a　soul。　　Our　opinions；　according　to　custom；　were　various　upon　this　matter；　but　whatever　the　thing　was；　we　were；　without　doubt；　in　imminent　danger；　from　which　that　we　escaped；　the　glory　is　to　be　ascribed　to　God　alone。

Dover；　situated　among　cliffs　（standing　where　the　port　itself　was　originally；　as　may　be　gathered　from　anchors　and　parts　of　vessels　dug　up　there）；　is　more　famous　for　the　convenience　of　its　port；　which　indeed　is　now　much　decayed；　and　its　passage　to　France；　than　for　either　its　elegance　or　populousness：　　this　passage；　the　most　used　and　the　shortest；　is　of　thirty　miles；　which；　with　a　favourable　wind；　may　be　run　over　in　five　or　six　hours'　time；　as　we　ourselves　experienced；　some　reckon　it　only　eighteen　to　Calais；　and　to　Boulogne　sixteen　English　miles；　which；　as　Ortelius　says　in　his　〃Theatrum；〃　are　longer　than　the　Italian。

Here　was　a　church　dedicated　to　St。　Martin　by　Victred；　King　of　Kent；　and　a　house　belonging　to　the　Knights　Templars；　of　either　there　are　now　no　remains。　　It　is　the　seat　of　a　suffragan　to　the　Archbishop　of　Canterbury；　who；　when　the　Archbishop　is　employed　upon　business　of　more　consequence；　manages　the　ordinary　affairs；　but　does　not　interfere　with　the　archiepiscopal　jurisdiction。　　Upon　a　hill；　or　rath