dion-第3部分

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on　shore；　Dionysius　himself　sacrificed　to　the　gods　in　thankful　acknowledgment　for　the　great　happiness　which　had　befallen　his　government。　The　citizens；　also；　began　to　entertain　marvellous　hopes　of　a　speedy　reformation；　when　they　observed　the　modesty　which　now　ruled　in　the　banquets；　and　the　general　decorum　which　prevailed　in　all　the　court；　their　tyrant　himself　also　behaving　with　gentleness　and　humanity　in　all　their　matters　of　business　that　came　before　him。　There　was　a　general　passion　for　reasoning　and　philosophy；　insomuch　that　the　very　palace；　it　is　reported；　was　filled　with　dust　by　the　concourse　of　the　students　in　mathematics　who　were　working　their　problems　there。　Some　few　days　after；　it　was　the　time　of　one　of　the　Syracusan　sacrifices；　and　when　the　priest；　as　he　was　wont；　prayed　for　the　long　and　safe　continuance　of　the　tyranny；　Dionysius；　it　is　said；　as　he　stood　by；　cried　out；　〃Leave　off　praying　for　evil　upon　us。〃　This　sensibly　vexed　Philistus　and　his　party；　who　conjectured；　that　if　Plato；　upon　such　brief　acquaintance；　had　so　far　transformed　and　altered　the　young　man's　mind；　longer　converse　and　greater　intimacy　would　give　him　such　influence　and　authority　that　it　would　be　impossible　to　withstand　him。　　　Therefore；　no　longer　privately　and　apart；　but　jointly　and　in　public；　all　of　them；　they　began　to　slander　Dion；　noising　it　about　that　he　had　charmed　and　bewitched　Dionysius　by　Plato's　sophistry；　to　the　end　that　when　he　was　persuaded　voluntarily　to　part　with　his　power；　and　lay　down　his　authority；　Dion　might　take　it　up；　and　settle　it　upon　his　sister　Aristomache's　children。　Others　professed　to　be　indignant　that　the　Athenians；　who　formerly　had　come　to　Sicily　with　a　great　fleet　and　a　numerous　land　army；　and　perished　miserably　without　being　able　to　take　the　city　of　Syracuse；　should　now；　by　means　of　one　sophister；　overturn　the　sovereignty　of　Dionysius；　inveighing　him　to　cashier　his　guard　of　ten　thousand　lances；　dismiss　a　navy　of　four　hundred　galleys；　disband　an　army　of　ten　thousand　horse　and　many　times　over　that　number　of　foot；　and　go　seek　in　the　schools　an　unknown　and　imaginary　bliss；　and　learn　by　the　mathematics　how　to　be　happy；　while；　in　the　meantime；　the　substantial　enjoyments　of　absolute　power；　riches；　and　pleasure　would　be　handed　over　to　Dion　and　his　sister's　children。　　　By　these　means；　Dion　began　to　incur　at　first　suspicion；　and　by　degrees　more　apparent　displeasure　and　hostility。　A　letter；　also；　was　intercepted　and　brought　to　the　young　prince　which　Dion　had　written　to　the　Carthaginian　agents；　advising　them　that；　when　they　treated　with　Dionysius　concerning　the　peace；　they　should　not　come　to　their　audience　without　communicating　with　him：　they　would　not　fail　to　obtain　by　this　means　all　that　they　wanted。　When　Dionysius　had　shown　this　to　Philistus；　and　consulted　with　him；　as　Timaeus　relates；　about　it；　he　overreached　Dion　by　a　feigned　reconciliation；　professing；　after　some　fair　and　reasonable　expression　of　his　feelings；　that　he　was　at　friends　with　him；　and　thus；　leading　him　alone　to　the　seaside；　under　the　castle　wall；　he　showed　him　the　letter；　and　taxed　him　with　conspiring　with　the　Carthaginians　against　him。　And　when　Dion　essayed　to　speak　in　his　own　defence；　Dionysius　suffered　him　not；　but　immediately　forced　him　aboard　a　boat；　which　lay　there　for　that　purpose；　and　commanded　the　sailors　to　set　him　ashore　on　the　coast　of　Italy。　　　When　this　was　publicly　known；　and　was　thought　very　hard　usage；　there　was　much　lamentation　in　the　tyrant's　own　household　on　account　of　the　women；　but　the　citizens　of　Syracuse　encouraged　themselves；　expecting　that　for　his　sake　some　disturbance　would　ensue；　which；　together　with　the　mistrust　others　would　now　feel；　might　occasion　a　general　change　and　revolution　in　the　state。　Dionysius　seeing　this；　took　alarm；　and　endeavoured　to　pacify　the　women　and　others　of　Dion's　kindred　and　friends；　assuring　them　that　he　had　not　banished；　but　only　sent　him　out　of　the　way　for　a　time；　for　fear　of　his　own　passion；　which　might　be　provoked　some　day　by　Dion's　self…will　into　some　act　which　he　should　be　sorry　for。　He　gave　also　two　ships　to　his　relations；　with　liberty　to　send　into　Peloponnesus　for　him　whatever　of　his　property　or　servants　they　thought　fit。　　　Dion　was　very　rich；　and　had　his　house　furnished　with　little　less　than　royal　splendour　and　magnificence。　These　valuables　his　friends　packed　up　and　conveyed　to　him；　besides　many　rich　presents　which　were　sent　him　by　the　women　and　his　adherents。　So　that；　so　far　as　wealth　and　riches　went；　he　made　a　noble　appearance　among　the　Greeks；　and　they　might　judge；　by　the　affluence　of　the　exile；　what　was　the　power　of　the　tyrant。　　　Dionysius　immediately　removed　Plato　into　the　castle；　designing；　under　colour　of　an　honourable　and　kind　reception；　to　set　a　guard　upon　him；　lest　he　should　follow　Dion；　and　declare　to　the　world；　in　his　behalf；　how　injuriously　he　had　been　dealt　with。　And；　moreover；　time　and　conversation　（as　wild　beasts　by　use　grow　tame　and　tractable）　had　brought　Dionysius　to　endure　Plato's　company　and　discourse；　so　that　he　began　to　love　the　philosopher；　but　with　such　an　affection　as　had　something　of　the　tyrant　in　it；　requiring　of　Plato　that　he　should；　in　return　of　his　kindness；　love　him　only；　and　attend　to　him　above　all　other　men；　being　ready　to　permit　to　his　care　the　chief　management　of　affairs；　and　even　the　government；　too；　upon　condition　that　he　would　not　prefer　Dion's　friendship　before　his。　This　extravagant　affection　was　a　great　trouble　to　Plato；　for　it　was　accompanied　with　petulant　and　jealous　humours；　like　the　fond　passions　of　those　that　are　desperately　in　love；　frequently　he　was　angry　and　fell　out　with　him；　and　presently　begged　and　entreated　to　be　friends　again。　He　was　beyond　measure　desirous　to　be　Plato's　scholar；　and　to　proceed　in　the　study　of　philosophy；　and　yet　he　was　ashamed　of　it　with　those　who　spoke　against　it　and　professed　to　think　it　would　ruin　him。　　　But　a　war　about　this　time　breaking　out；　he　sent　Plato　away；　promising　him　in　the　summer　to　recall　Dion；　though　in　this　he　broke　his　word　at　once；　nevertheless；　he　remitted　to　him　his　revenues；　desiring　Plato　to　excuse　him　as　to　the　time　appointed；　because　of　the　war；　but；　as　soon　as　he　had　settled　a　peace；　he　would　immediately　send　for　Dion；　requiring　him　in　the　interim　to　be　quiet；　and　not　raise　any　disturbance；　nor　speak　ill　of　him　among　the　Grecians。　This　Plato　endeavoured　to　effect；　by　keeping　Dion　with　him　in　the　academy；　and　busying　him　in　philosophical　studies。　　　Dion　sojourned　in　the　Upper　Town　of　Athens；　with　Callippus；　one　of　his　acquaintance；　but　for　his　pleasure　he　bought　a　seat　in　the　country；　which　afterwards；　when　he　went　into　Sicily；　he　gave　to　Speusippus；　who　had　been　his　most　frequent　companion　while　he　was　at　Athens；　Plato　so　arranging　it；　with　the　hope　that　Dion's　austere　temper　might　be　softened　by　agreeable　company；　with　an　occasional　mixture　of　seasonable　mirth。　For　Speusippus　was　of　the　character　to　afford　him　this；　we　find　him　spoken　of　in　Timon's　Silli；　as　〃good　at　a　jest。〃　And　Plato　himself；　as　it　happened；　being　called　upon　to　furnish　a　chorus　of　boys；　Dion　took　upon　him　the　ordering　and　management　of　it；　and　defrayed　the　whole　expense；　Plato　giving　him　this　opportunity　to　oblige　the　Athenians；　which　was　likely　to　procure　his　friend　more　kindness　than　himself　credit。　Dion　went　also　to　see　several　other　cities；　visiting　the　noblest　and　most　statesmanlike　persons　in　Greece；　and　joining　in　their　recreations　and　entertainments　in　their　times　of　festival。　In　all　which；　no　sort　of　vulgar　ignorance；　or　tyrannic　assumption；　or　luxuriousness　was　remarked　in　him；　but；　on　the　contrary；　a　great　deal　of　temperance；　generosity；　and　courage；　and　a　well…becoming　taste　for　reasoning　and　philosophic　discourses。　By　which　means　he　gained　the　love　and　admiration　of　all　men；　and　in　many　cities　had　public　honours　decreed　him；　the　Lacedaemonians　making　him　a　citizen　of　Sparta；　without　regard　to　the　displeasure　of　Dionysius；　though　at　that　time　he　was　aiding　them　in　their　wars　against　the　Thebans。　　　It　is　related　that　once；　upon　invitation；　he　went　to　pay　a　visit　to　Ptoeodorus；　the　Megarian；　a　man；　it　would　seem；　of　wealth　and　importance；　and　when；　on　account　of　the　concourse　of　people　about　his　door；　and　the　press　of　business；　it　was　very　troublesome　and　difficult　to　get　access　to　him；　turning　about　to　his　friends；　who　seemed　concerned　and　angry　at　it；　〃What　reason；〃　said　he；　〃have　we　to　blame　Ptoeodorus；　when　we　ourselves　used　to　do　no　better　when　we　were　at　Syracuse？〃　　　After　some　little　time；　Dionysius；　envying　Dion；　and　jealous　of　the　favour　and　interest　he　had　among　the　Grecians；　put　a　stop　upon　his　incomes；　and　no　longer　sent　him　his　revenues；　making　his　own　commissioners　trustees　of　the　estate。　But；　endeavouring　to　obviate　the　ill…will　and　discredit　which；　upon　Plato's　account；　might　accrue　to　him　among　the　philosophers；　he　collected　in　his　court　many　reputed　learned　men；　and　ambitiously　desiring　to　surpass　them　in　their　debates；　he　was　forced　to　make　use；　often　incorrectly；　of　arguments　he　had　picked　up　from　Plato。　And　now　he　wished　for　his　company　again；　repenting　he　had　not　made　better　use　of　it　when　he　had　it；　and　had　given　no　greater　heed　to　his　admirable　lessons。　Like　a　tyrant；　therefore；　inconsiderate　in　his　desires；　headstrong　and　violent　in　whatever　he　took　a　will　to；　on　a　sudden　he　was　eagerly　set　on　the　design　of　recalling　him；　and　left　no　stone　unturned；　but　addressed　himself　to　Archytas；　the　Pythagorean　（his　acquaintance　and　friendly　relations　with　whom　owed　their　origin　to　Plato）；　and　persuaded　him　to　stand　as　surety　for　his　engagements；　and　to　request　Plato　to　revisit　Sicily。　　　Archytas；　therefore；　sent　Archedemus　and　Dionysius；　some　galleys；　with　divers　friends；　to　entreat　his　return；　moreover；　he　wrote　to　himself　expressly　and　in　plain　terms；　that　Dion　must　never　look　for　any　favour　or　kindness　if　Plato　would　not　be　prevailed　with　to　come　into　Sicily；　but　if　Plato　as　often　declined；　Aristippus；　the　Cyrenaean；　then　present；　said　that　received　letters　full　of　solicitations　from　his　sister　and　his　wife；　urging　him　to　beg　Plato　to　gratify　Dionysius　in　this　request；　and　not　give　him　an　excuse　for　further　ill…doing。　So　that；　as　Plato　says　to　himself；　the　third　time　he　set　sail　for　the　Strait　of　Scylla…

　　　　　　　　〃Venturing　again