cicero-第7部分

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not　acquit　you　till　they　had　got　your　money。〃



　　Caesar；　though　cited；　did　not　give　his　testimony　against　Clodius；



and　declared　himself　not　convinced　of　his　wife's　adultery；　but　that　he



had　put　her　away　because　it　was　fit　that　Caesar's　house　should　not



be　only　free　of　the　evil　fact；　but　of　the　fame　too。



　　Clodius；　having　escaped　this　danger；　and　having　got　himself　chosen



one　of　the　tribunes；　immediately　attacked　Cicero；　heaping　up　all



matters　and　inciting　all　persons　against　him。　The　common　people　he



gained　over　with　popular　laws；　to　each　of　the　consuls　he　decreed　large



provinces；　to　Piso；　Macedonia；　and　to　Gabinius；　Syria；　he　made　a



strong　party　among　the　indigent　citizens；　to　support　him　in　his



proceedings；　and　had　always　a　body　of　armed　slaves　about　him。　Of　the



three　men　then　in　greatest　power；　Crassus　was　Cicero's　open　enemy；



Pompey　indifferently　made　advances　to　both；　and　Caesar　was　going



with　an　army　into　Gaul。　To　him；　though　not　his　friend　（what　had



occurred　in　the　time　of　the　conspiracy　having　created　suspicions



between　them）；　Cicero　applied；　requesting　an　appointment　as　one　of　his



lieutenants　in　the　province。　Caesar　accepted　him；　and　Clodius；



perceiving　that　Cicero　would　thus　escape　his　tribunician　authority；



professed　to　be　inclinable　to　a　reconciliation；　laid　the　greatest



fault　upon　Terentia；　made　always　a　favourable　mention　of　him；　and



addressed　him　with　kind　expressions；　as　one　who　felt　no　hatred　or



ill…will；　but　who　merely　wished　to　urge　his　complaints　in　a　moderate



and　friendly　way。　By　these　artifices；　he　so　freed　Cicero　of　all　his



fears；　that　he　resigned　his　appointment　to　Caesar；　and　betook



himself　again　to　political　affairs。　At　which　Caesar；　being



exasperated；　joined　the　party　of　Clodius　against　him；　and　wholly



alienated　Pompey　from　him；　he　also　himself　declared　in　a　public



assembly　of　the　people；　that　he　did　not　think　Lentulus　and　Cethegus；



with　their　accomplices；　were　fairly　and　legally　put　to　death　without



being　brought　to　trial。　And　this；　indeed；　was　the　crime　charged　upon



Cicero；　and　this　impeachment　he　was　summoned　to　answer。　And　so；　as



an　accused　man；　and　in　danger　for　the　result；　he　changed　his　dress；



and　went　round　with　his　hair　untrimmed；　in　the　attire　of　a



suppliant；　to　beg　the　people's　grace。　But　Clodius　met　him　in　every



corner；　having　a　band　of　abusive　and　daring　fellows　about　him；　who



derided　Cicero　for　his　change　of　dress　and　his　humiliation；　and　often；



by　throwing　dirt　and　stones　at　him；　interrupted　his　supplication　to



the　people。



　　However；　first　of　all；　almost　the　whole　equestrian　order　changed



their　dress　with　him；　and　no　less　than　twenty　thousand　young　gentlemen



followed　him　with　their　hair　untrimmed；　and　supplicating　with　him　to



the　people。　And　then　the　senate　met；　to　pass　a　decree　that　the



people　should　change　their　dress　as　in　time　of　public　sorrow。　But



the　consuls　opposing　it；　and　Clodius　with　armed　men　besetting　the



senate…house；　many　of　the　senators　ran　out；　crying　out　and　tearing



their　clothes。　But　this　sight　moved　neither　shame　nor　pity；　Cicero



must　either　fly　or　determine　it　by　the　sword　with　Clodius。　He



entreated　Pompey　to　aid　him；　who　was　on　purpose　gone　out　of　the　way；



and　was　staying　at　his　country…house　in　the　Alban　hills；　and　first



he　sent　his　son…in…law　Piso　to　intercede　with　him；　and　afterwards



set　out　to　go　himself。　Of　which　Pompey　being　informed；　would　not



stay　to　see　him；　being　ashamed　at　the　remembrance　of　the　many



conflicts　in　the　commonwealth　which　Cicero　had　undergone　in　his



behalf；　and　how　much　of　his　policy　he　had　directed　for　his



advantage。　But　being　now　Caesar's　son…in…law；　at　his　instance　he　had



set　aside　all　former　kindness；　and；　slipping　out　at　another　door；



avoided　the　interview。　Thus　being　forsaken　by　Pompey；　and　left　alone



to　himself；　he　fled　to　the　consuls。　Gabinius　was　rough　with　him；　as



usual；　but　Piso　spoke　more　courteously；　desiring　him　to　yield　and　give



place　for　a　while　to　the　fury　of　Clodius；　and　to　await　a　change　of



times；　and　to　be　now；　as　before；　his　country's　saviour　from　the



peril　of　these　troubles　and　commotions　which　Clodius　was　exciting。



　　Cicero；　receiving　this　answer；　consulted　with　his　friends。



Lucullus　advised　him　to　stay；　as　being　sure　to　prevail　at　last；　others



to　fly；　because　the　people　would　soon　desire　him　again；　when　they



should　have　enough　of　the　rage　and　madness　of　Clodius。　This　last



Cicero　approved。　But　first　he　took　a　statue　of　Minerva；　which　had　been



long　set　up　and　greatly　honoured　in　his　house；　and　carrying　it　to



the　capitol；　there　dedicated　it；　with　the　inscription；　〃To　Minerva；



Patroness　of　Rome。〃　And　receiving　an　escort　from　his　friends；　about



the　middle　of　the　night　he　left　the　city　and　went　by　land　through



Lucania；　intending　to　reach　Sicily。



　　But　as　soon　as　it　was　publicly　known　that　he　was　fled；　Clodius



proposed　to　the　people　a　decree　of　exile；　and　by　his　own　order



interdicted　him　fire　and　water；　prohibiting　any　within　five　hundred



miles　in　Italy　to　receive　him　into　their　houses。　Most　people；　out　of



respect　for　Cicero；　paid　no　regard　to　this　edict；　offering　him　every



attention；　and　escorting　him　on　his　way。　But　at　Hipponium；　a　city　of



Lucania　now　called　Vibo；　one　Vibius；　a　Sicilian　by　birth；　who；　amongst



many　other　instances　of　Cicero's　friendship；　had　been　made　head　of　the



state　engineers　when　he　was　consul；　would　not　receive　him　into　his



house；　sending　him　word　he　would　appoint　a　place　in　the　country　for



his　reception。　Caius　Vergilius；　the　praetor　of　Sicily；　who　had　been　on



the　most　intimate　terms　with　him；　wrote　to　him　to　forbear　coming



into　Sicily。　At　these　things　Cicero；　being　disheartened；　went　to



Brundusium；　whence　putting　forth　with　a　prosperous　wind；　a　contrary



gale　blowing　from　the　sea　carried　him　back　to　Italy　the　next　day。　He



put　again　to　sea；　and　having　reached　Dyrrachium；　on　his　coming　to



shore　there；　it　is　reported　that　an　earthquake　and　a　convulsion　in　the



sea　happened　at　the　same　time；　signs　which　the　diviners　said　intimated



that　his　exile　would　not　be　long；　for　these　were　prognostics　of



change。　Although　many　visited　him　with　respect；　and　the　cities　of



Greece　contended　which　should　honour　him　most；　he　yet　continued



disheartened　and　disconsolate；　like　an　unfortunate　lover；　often



casting　his　looks　back　upon　Italy；　and；　indeed；　he　was　become　so



poor…spirited；　so　humiliated　and　dejected　by　his　misfortunes；　as



none　could　have　expected　in　a　man　who　had　devoted　so　much　of　his



life　to　study　and　learning。　And　yet　he　often　desired　his　friends　not



to　call　him　orator；　but　philosopher；　because　he　had　made　philosophy



his　business；　and　had　only　used　rhetoric　as　an　instrument　for



attaining　his　objects　in　public　life。　But　the　desire　of　glory　has



great　power　in　washing　the　tinctures　of　philosophy　out　of　the　souls　of



men；　and　in　imprinting　the　passions　of　the　common　people；　by　custom



and　conversation；　in　the　minds　of　those　that　take　a　part　in



governing　them；　unless　the　politician　be　very　careful　so　to　engage



in　public　affairs　as　to　interest　himself　only　in　the　affairs



themselves；　but　not　participate　in　the　passions　that　are　consequent　to



them。



　　Clodius；　having　thus　driven　away　Cicero；　fell　to　burning　his　farms



and　villas；　and　afterwards　his　city　house；　and　built　on　the　site　of　it



a　temple　to　Liberty。　The　rest　of　his　property　he　exposed　to　sale　by



daily　proclamation；　but　nobody　came　to　buy。　By　these　courses　he　became



formidable　to　the　noble　citizens；　and　being　followed　by　the



commonalty；　whom　he　had　filled　with　insolence　and　licentiousness；　he



began　at　last　to　try　his　strength　against　Pompey；　some　of　whose



arrangements　in　the　countries　he　conquered；　he　attacked。　The



disgrace　of　this　made　Pompey　begin　to　reproach　himself　for　his



cowardice　in　deserting　Cicero；　and　changing　his　mind；　he　now　wholly



set　himself　with　his　friends　to　contrive　his　return。　And　when



Clodius　opposed　it；　the　senate　made　a　vote　that　no　public　measure



should　be　ratified　or　passed　by　them　till　Cicero　was　recalled。　But



when　Lentulus　was　consul；　the　commotions　grew　so　high　upon　this



matter；　that　the　tribunes　were　wounded　in　the　Forum；　and　Quintus；



Cicero's　brother；　was　left　as　dead；　lying　unobserved　amongst　the



slain。　The　people　began　to　change　in　their　feelings；　and　Annius



Milo；　one　of　their　tribunes；　was　the　first　who　took　confidence　to



summon　Clodius　to　trial　for　acts　of　violence。　Many　of　the　common



people　out　of　the　neighbouring　cities　formed　a　party　with　Pompey；



and　he　went　with　them；　and　drove　Clodius　out　of　the　Forum；　and



summoned　the　people　to　pass　their　vote。　And；　it　is　said；　the　people



never　passed　any　suffrage　more　unanimously　than　this。　The　senate；



also；　striving　to　outdo　the　people；　sent　letters　of　thanks　to　those



cities　which　had　received　Cicero　with　respect　in　his　exile；　and



decreed　that　his　house　and　his　country…places；　which　Clodius　had



destroyed；　should　be　rebuilt　at　the　public　charge。



　　Thus　Cicero　returned　sixteen　months　after　his　exile；　and　the



cities　were　so　glad；　and　people　so　zealous　to　meet　him；　that　what　he



boasted　of　afterwards；　that　Italy　had　brought　him　on　her　shoulders



home　to　Rome；　was　rather　less　than　the　truth。　And　Crassus　himself；　who



had　been　his　enemy　before　his　exile；　went　then　voluntarily　to　meet



him；　and　was　reconciled；　to　please　his　son　Publius；　as　he　said；　who



was　Cicero's　affectionate　admirer。



　　Cicero　had　not　been　long　at　Rome　when；　taking　the　opportunity　of



Clodius's　absence；　he　went　with　a　great　company　to　the　capitol；　and



there　tore　and　defaced　the　tribunician　tables；　in　which　were



recorded　the　acts　done　in　the　time　of　Clodius。　And　on　Clodius



calling　him　in　question　for　this；　he　answered　that　he；　bein