ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

sophist-µÚ3²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡


another¡¡aspect¡¡of¡¡sophistry¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡is¡¡it£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡acquisitive¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡subdivision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡combative

or¡¡fighting¡¡art¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Perhaps¡¡we¡¡had¡¡better¡¡divide¡¡it¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡the¡¡divisions£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡There¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡one¡¡division¡¡of¡¡the¡¡competitive£»¡¡and¡¡another

of¡¡the¡¡pugnacious¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Very¡¡good¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡That¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡pugnacious¡¡which¡¡is¡¡contest¡¡of¡¡

bodily¡¡strength

may¡¡be¡¡properly¡¡called¡¡by¡¡some¡¡such¡¡name¡¡as¡¡violent¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡True¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡when¡¡the¡¡war¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡words£»¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡termed¡¡

controversy£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡controversy¡¡may¡¡be¡¡of¡¡two¡¡kinds¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡are¡¡they£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡When¡¡long¡¡speeches¡¡are¡¡answered¡¡by¡¡long¡¡speeches£»¡¡and¡¡there

is¡¡public¡¡discussion¡¡about¡¡the¡¡just¡¡and¡¡unjust£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡forensic

controversy¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡private¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡controversy£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡cut¡¡up

into¡¡questions¡¡and¡¡answers£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡is¡¡commonly¡¡called¡¡disputation£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡name¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡of¡¡disputation£»¡¡that¡¡sort¡¡which¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a¡¡discussion

about¡¡contracts£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡carried¡¡on¡¡at¡¡random£»¡¡and¡¡without¡¡rules¡­art£»

is¡¡recognized¡¡by¡¡the¡¡reasoning¡¡faculty¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡distinct¡¡

class£»¡¡but¡¡has

hitherto¡¡had¡¡no¡¡distinctive¡¡name£»¡¡and¡¡does¡¡not¡¡deserve¡¡to¡¡receive

one¡¡from¡¡us¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡No£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡different¡¡sorts¡¡of¡¡it¡¡are¡¡too¡¡minute¡¡and

heterogeneous¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡But¡¡that¡¡which¡¡proceeds¡¡by¡¡rules¡¡of¡¡art¡¡to¡¡dispute¡¡about

justice¡¡and¡¡injustice¡¡in¡¡their¡¡own¡¡nature£»¡¡and¡¡about¡¡things¡¡in

general£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡been¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡call¡¡argumentation¡¡£¨Eristic£©£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Certainly¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡of¡¡argumentation£»¡¡one¡¡sort¡¡wastes¡¡money£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡other

makes¡¡money¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Suppose¡¡we¡¡try¡¡and¡¡give¡¡to¡¡each¡¡of¡¡these¡¡two¡¡classes¡¡a¡¡name¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Let¡¡us¡¡do¡¡so¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡I¡¡should¡¡say¡¡that¡¡the¡¡habit¡¡which¡¡leads¡¡a¡¡man¡¡to¡¡neglect¡¡his

own¡¡affairs¡¡for¡¡the¡¡pleasure¡¡of¡¡conversation£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡style¡¡is

far¡¡from¡¡being¡¡agreeable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡his¡¡hearers£»¡¡may¡¡

be¡¡fairly

termed¡¡loquacity£º¡¡such¡¡is¡¡my¡¡opinion¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡the¡¡common¡¡name¡¡for¡¡it¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡But¡¡now¡¡who¡¡the¡¡other¡¡is£»¡¡who¡¡makes¡¡money¡¡out¡¡of¡¡private

disputation£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡your¡¡turn¡¡to¡¡say¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡only¡¡one¡¡true¡¡answer£º¡¡he¡¡is¡¡the¡¡wonderful

Sophist£»¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡we¡¡are¡¡in¡¡pursuit£»¡¡and¡¡who¡¡reappears¡¡again¡¡for¡¡the

fourth¡¡time¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡a¡¡fresh¡¡pedigree£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡is¡¡the¡¡money¡­making

species¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Eristic£»¡¡disputatious£»¡¡controversial¡£¡¡pugnacious£»

combative£»¡¡acquisitive¡¡family£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡argument¡¡has¡¡already¡¡proven¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Certainly¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡How¡¡true¡¡was¡¡the¡¡observation¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡a¡¡many¡­sided¡¡animal£»

and¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡caught¡¡with¡¡one¡¡hand£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡say£¡

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Then¡¡you¡¡must¡¡catch¡¡him¡¡with¡¡two¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡we¡¡must£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡can¡£¡¡And¡¡therefore¡¡let¡¡us¡¡try£»¡¡another

track¡¡in¡¡our¡¡pursuit¡¡of¡¡him£º¡¡You¡¡are¡¡aware¡¡that¡¡there¡¡are¡¡certain

menial¡¡occupations¡¡which¡¡have¡¡names¡¡among¡¡servants£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡many¡¡such£»¡¡which¡¡of¡¡them¡¡do¡¡you¡¡mean£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡I¡¡mean¡¡such¡¡as¡¡sifting£»¡¡straining£»¡¡winnowing£»¡¡threshing¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Certainly¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡besides¡¡these¡¡there¡¡are¡¡a¡¡great¡¡many¡¡more£»¡¡such¡¡

as¡¡carding£»

spinning£»¡¡adjusting¡¡the¡¡warp¡¡and¡¡the¡¡woof£»¡¡and¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡similar

expressions¡¡are¡¡used¡¡in¡¡the¡¡arts¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Of¡¡what¡¡are¡¡they¡¡to¡¡be¡¡patterns£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡are¡¡we¡¡

going¡¡to¡¡do

with¡¡them¡¡all£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡I¡¡think¡¡that¡¡in¡¡all¡¡of¡¡these¡¡there¡¡is¡¡implied¡¡a¡¡notion¡¡of

division¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Then¡¡if£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡was¡¡saying£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡one¡¡art¡¡which¡¡includes¡¡all

of¡¡them£»¡¡ought¡¡not¡¡that¡¡art¡¡to¡¡have¡¡one¡¡name£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaes¡£¡¡And¡¡what¡¡is¡¡the¡¡name¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡The¡¡art¡¡of¡¡discerning¡¡or¡¡discriminating¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Very¡¡good¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Think¡¡whether¡¡you¡¡cannot¡¡divide¡¡this¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡I¡¡should¡¡have¡¡to¡¡think¡¡a¡¡long¡¡while¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡In¡¡all¡¡the¡¡previously¡¡named¡¡processes¡¡either¡¡like¡¡has¡¡been

separated¡¡from¡¡like¡¡or¡¡the¡¡better¡¡from¡¡the¡¡worse¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡I¡¡see¡¡now¡¡what¡¡you¡¡mean¡£

¡¡¡¡Str£»¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡name¡¡for¡¡the¡¡first¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡separation£»¡¡of¡¡the

second£»¡¡which¡¡throws¡¡away¡¡the¡¡worse¡¡and¡¡preserves¡¡the¡¡better£»¡¡I¡¡do

know¡¡a¡¡name¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡is¡¡it£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Every¡¡discernment¡¡or¡¡discrimination¡¡of¡¡that¡¡kind£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡have

observed£»¡¡is¡¡called¡¡a¡¡purification¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡expression¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡any¡¡one¡¡may¡¡see¡¡that¡¡purification¡¡is¡¡of¡¡two¡¡kinds¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Perhaps¡¡so£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡allowed¡¡time¡¡to¡¡think£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not

see¡¡at¡¡this¡¡moment¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡many¡¡purifications¡¡of¡¡bodies¡¡which¡¡may¡¡with¡¡

propriety

be¡¡comprehended¡¡under¡¡a¡¡single¡¡name¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡are¡¡they£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡is¡¡their¡¡name£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡the¡¡purification¡¡of¡¡living¡¡bodies¡¡in¡¡their¡¡inward

and¡¡in¡¡their¡¡outward¡¡parts£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡former¡¡is¡¡duly¡¡effected¡¡by

medicine¡¡and¡¡gymnastic£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡by¡¡the¡¡not¡¡very¡¡dignified¡¡art¡¡of

the¡¡bath¡­man£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡is¡¡the¡¡purification¡¡of¡¡inanimate¡¡

substances¡­to

this¡¡the¡¡arts¡¡of¡¡fulling¡¡and¡¡of¡¡furbishing¡¡in¡¡general¡¡attend¡¡in¡¡a

number¡¡of¡¡minute¡¡particulars£»¡¡having¡¡a¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡names¡¡which¡¡are

thought¡¡ridiculous¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡There¡¡can¡¡be¡¡no¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡they¡¡are¡¡thought¡¡ridiculous£»

Theaetetus£»¡¡but¡¡then¡¡the¡¡dialectical¡¡art¡¡never¡¡considers¡¡whether¡¡the

benefit¡¡to¡¡be¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡purge¡¡is¡¡greater¡¡or¡¡less¡¡than¡¡that¡¡to

be¡¡derived¡¡from¡¡the¡¡sponge£»¡¡and¡¡has¡¡not¡¡more¡¡interest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡one

than¡¡in¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡her¡¡endeavour¡¡is¡¡to¡¡know¡¡what¡¡is¡¡and¡¡is¡¡

not¡¡kindred

in¡¡all¡¡arts£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡view¡¡to¡¡the¡¡acquisition¡¡of¡¡intelligence£»¡¡and

having¡¡this¡¡in¡¡view£»¡¡she¡¡honours¡¡them¡¡all¡¡alike£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡she¡¡makes

comparisons£»¡¡she¡¡counts¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡not¡¡a¡¡whit¡¡more¡¡ridiculous¡¡than

another£»¡¡nor¡¡does¡¡she¡¡esteem¡¡him¡¡who¡¡adduces¡¡as¡¡his¡¡example¡¡of

hunting£»¡¡the¡¡general's¡¡art£»¡¡at¡¡all¡¡more¡¡decorous¡¡than¡¡another¡¡who

cites¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡vermin¡­destroyer£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡as¡¡the¡¡greater

pretender¡¡of¡¡the¡¡two¡£¡¡And¡¡as¡¡to¡¡your¡¡question¡¡concerning¡¡the¡¡name

which¡¡was¡¡to¡¡comprehend¡¡all¡¡these¡¡arts¡¡of¡¡purification£»¡¡whether¡¡of

animate¡¡or¡¡inanimate¡¡bodies£»¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡dialectic¡¡is¡¡in¡¡no¡¡wise

particular¡¡about¡¡fine¡¡words£»¡¡if¡¡she¡¡maybe¡¡only¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡a

general¡¡name¡¡for¡¡all¡¡other¡¡purifications£»¡¡binding¡¡them¡¡up¡¡

together¡¡and

separating¡¡them¡¡off¡¡from¡¡the¡¡purification¡¡of¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡or¡¡intellect¡£

For¡¡this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡purification¡¡at¡¡which¡¡she¡¡wants¡¡to¡¡arrive£»¡¡

and¡¡this¡¡we

should¡¡understand¡¡to¡¡be¡¡her¡¡aim¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes£»¡¡I¡¡understand£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡agree¡¡that¡¡there¡¡are¡¡two¡¡sorts¡¡of

purification¡¡and¡¡that¡¡one¡¡of¡¡them¡¡is¡¡concerned¡¡with¡¡the¡¡

soul£»¡¡and¡¡that

there¡¡is¡¡another¡¡which¡¡is¡¡concerned¡¡with¡¡the¡¡body¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Excellent£»¡¡and¡¡now¡¡listen¡¡to¡¡what¡¡I¡¡am¡¡going¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡

and¡¡try¡¡to

divide¡¡further¡¡the¡¡first¡¡of¡¡the¡¡two¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Whatever¡¡line¡¡of¡¡division¡¡you¡¡suggest£»¡¡I¡¡will¡¡endeavour¡¡to

assist¡¡you¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Do¡¡we¡¡admit¡¡that¡¡virtue¡¡is¡¡distinct¡¡from¡¡vice¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Certainly¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡purification¡¡was¡¡to¡¡leave¡¡the¡¡good¡¡and¡¡to¡¡cast¡¡

out¡¡whatever

is¡¡bad£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡True¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Then¡¡any¡¡taking¡¡away¡¡of¡¡evil¡¡from¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡may¡¡be¡¡properly

called¡¡purification£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡there¡¡are¡¡two¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡evil¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡are¡¡they£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡The¡¡one¡¡may¡¡be¡¡compared¡¡to¡¡disease¡¡in¡¡the¡¡body£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡to

deformity¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡understand¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Perhaps¡¡you¡¡have¡¡never¡¡reflected¡¡that¡¡disease¡¡and¡¡discord¡¡are

the¡¡same¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡To¡¡this£»¡¡again£»¡¡I¡¡know¡¡not¡¡what¡¡I¡¡should¡¡reply¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Do¡¡you¡¡not¡¡conceive¡¡discord¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡dissolution¡¡of¡¡kindred

clements£»¡¡originating¡¡in¡¡some¡¡disagreement£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Just¡¡that¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡is¡¡deformity¡¡anything¡¡but¡¡the¡¡want¡¡of¡¡measure£»¡¡which¡¡is

always¡¡unsightly£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Exactly¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡do¡¡we¡¡not¡¡see¡¡that¡¡opinion¡¡is¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡desire£»¡¡pleasure

to¡¡anger£»¡¡reason¡¡to¡¡pain£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡all¡¡these¡¡elements¡¡are¡¡opposed¡¡to

one¡¡another¡¡in¡¡the¡¡souls¡¡of¡¡bad¡¡men£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Certainly¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡yet¡¡they¡¡must¡¡all¡¡be¡¡akin£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Of¡¡course¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Then¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡right¡¡in¡¡calling¡¡vice¡¡a¡¡discord¡¡and¡¡

disease¡¡of

the¡¡soul£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Most¡¡true¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡when¡¡things¡¡having¡¡motion£»¡¡an¡¡aiming¡¡at¡¡an¡¡appointed

mark£»¡¡continually¡¡miss¡¡their¡¡aim¡¡and¡¡glance¡¡aside£»¡¡shall¡¡we¡¡say¡¡that

this¡¡is¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡symmetry¡¡among¡¡them£»¡¡or¡¡of¡¡the¡¡want¡¡of¡¡

symmetry£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Clearly¡¡of¡¡the¡¡want¡¡of¡¡symmetry¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡But¡¡surely¡¡we¡¡know¡¡that¡¡no¡¡soul¡¡is¡¡voluntarily¡¡ignorant¡¡of

anything£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Certainly¡¡not¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡what¡¡is¡¡ignorance¡¡but¡¡the¡¡aberration¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mind¡¡which¡¡is

bent¡¡on¡¡truth£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡process¡¡of¡¡understanding¡¡is¡¡

perverted£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡True¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Then¡¡we¡¡are¡¡to¡¡regard¡¡an¡¡unintelligent¡¡soul¡¡as¡¡deformed¡¡and

devoid¡¡of¡¡symmetry£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Very¡¡true¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Then¡¡there¡¡are¡¡these¡¡two¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡evil¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul¡­the¡¡one

which¡¡is¡¡generally¡¡called¡¡vice£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡obviously¡¡a¡¡disease¡¡of¡¡the

soul¡£¡£¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡Yes¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡there¡¡is¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡call¡¡ignorance£»¡¡and¡¡which£»

because¡¡existing¡¡only¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul£»¡¡they¡¡will¡¡not¡¡allow¡¡to¡¡be¡¡vice¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡I¡¡certainly¡¡admit¡¡what¡¡I¡¡at¡¡first¡¡disputed¡­that¡¡there¡¡are

two¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡vice¡¡in¡¡the¡¡soul£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡we¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡consider

cowardice£»¡¡intemperance£»¡¡and¡¡injustice¡¡to¡¡be¡¡alike¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡

disease¡¡in

the¡¡soul£»¡¡and¡¡ignorance£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡there¡¡are¡¡all¡¡sorts¡¡of¡¡

varieties£»¡¡to

be¡¡deformity¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡the¡¡body¡¡are¡¡there¡¡not¡¡two¡¡arts£»¡¡which

have¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡the¡¡two¡¡bodily¡¡states£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡What¡¡are¡¡they£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡gymnastic£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡deformity£»¡¡and

medicine£»¡¡which¡¡has¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡disease¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡True¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡where¡¡there¡¡is¡¡insolence¡¡and¡¡injustice¡¡and¡¡cowardice£»¡¡is

not¡¡chastisement¡¡the¡¡art¡¡which¡¡is¡¡most¡¡required£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡That¡¡certainly¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡mankind¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡Again£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡various¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡ignorance£»¡¡may¡¡not¡¡instruction

be¡¡rightly¡¡said¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡remedy£¿

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡True¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡And¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡instruction£»¡¡shall¡¡we¡¡say¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡one

or¡¡many¡¡kinds£¿¡¡At¡¡any¡¡rate¡¡there¡¡are¡¡two¡¡principal¡¡ones¡£¡¡Think¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡I¡¡will¡£

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡I¡¡can¡¡see¡¡how¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡soonest¡¡arrive¡¡at¡¡the

answer¡¡to¡¡this¡¡question¡£

¡¡¡¡Theaet¡£¡¡How£¿

¡¡¡¡Str¡£¡¡If¡¡we¡¡can¡¡discover¡¡a¡¡line¡¡which¡¡divides¡¡ignorance¡¡into¡¡two

halves¡£¡¡For¡¡a¡¡division¡¡of¡¡ignorance¡¡into¡¡two¡¡parts¡¡will¡¡certainly

imply¡¡that¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡instruction¡¡is¡¡also¡¡twofold£»¡¡answering¡¡to¡¡the

two¡¡divi
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡