cimon-第4部分

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but　Callisthenes　is　positive　that　Ariomandes；　the　son　of　Gobryas；
had　the　supreme　command　of　all　the　forces。　He　lay　waiting　with　the
whole　fleet　at　the　mouth　of　the　river　Eurymedon；　with　no　design　to
fight；　but　expecting　a　reinforcement　of　eighty　Phoenician　ships　on
their　way　from　Cyprus。　Cimon；　aware　of　this；　put　out　to　sea；　resolved；
if　they　would　not　fight　a　battle　willingly；　to　force　them　to　it。　The
barbarians；　seeing　this；　retired　within　the　mouth　of　the　river　to
avoid　being　attacked；　but　when　they　saw　the　Athenians　come　upon
them；　notwithstanding　their　retreat；　they　met　them　with　six　hundred
ships；　as　Phanodemus　relates；　but；　according　to　Ephorus；　only　with
three　hundred　and　fifty。　However；　they　did　nothing　worthy　such
mighty　forces；　but　immediately　turned　the　prows　of　their　galleys
toward　the　shore；　where　those　that　came　first　threw　themselves　upon
the　land；　and　fled　to　their　army　drawn　up　thereabout；　while　the　rest
perished　with　their　vessel　or　were　taken。　By　this；　one　may　guess　at
their　number；　for　though　a　great　many　escaped　out　of　the　fight；　and
a　great　many　others　were　sunk；　yet　two　hundred　galleys　were　taken　by
the　Athenians。
　　When　their　land　army　drew　toward　the　seaside；　Cimon　was　in
suspense　whether　he　should　venture　to　try　and　force　his　way　on
shore；　as　he　should　thus　expose　his　Greeks；　wearied　with　slaughter
in　the　first　engagement；　to　the　swords　of　the　barbarians；　who　were　all
fresh　men；　and　many　times　their　number。　But　seeing　his　men　resolute；
and　flushed　with　victory；　he　bade　them　land；　though　they　were　not
yet　cool　from　their　first　battle。　As　soon　as　they　touched　ground；　they
set　up　a　shout　and　ran　upon　the　enemy；　who　stood　firm　and　sustained
the　first　shock　with　great　courage；　so　that　the　fight　was　a　hard
one；　and　some　principal　men　of　the　Athenians　in　rank　and　courage
were　slain。　At　length；　though　with　much　ado；　they　routed　the
barbarians；　and　killing　some；　took　others　prisoners；　and　plundered　all
their　tents　and　pavilions；　which　were　full　of　rich　spoil。　Cimon；
like　a　skilled　athlete　at　the　games；　having　in　one　day　carried　off　two
victories　wherein　he　surpassed　that　of　Salamis　by　sea　and　that　of
Plataea　by　land；　was　encouraged　to　try　for　yet　another　success。　News
being　brought　that　the　Phoenician　succours；　in　number　eighty　sail；　had
come　in　sight　at　Hydrum；　he　set　off　with　all　speed　to　find　them；　while
they　as　yet　had　not　received　any　certain　account　of　the　larger
fleet；　and　were　in　doubt　what　to　think；　so　that；　thus　surprised；
they　lost　all　their　vessels　and　most　of　their　men　with　them。　This
success　of　Cimon　so　daunted　the　King　of　Persia　that　he　presently
made　that　celebrated　peace；　by　which　he　engaged　that　his　armies　should
come　no　nearer　the　Grecian　sea　than　the　length　of　a　horse's　course；
and　that　none　of　his　galleys　or　vessels　of　war　should　appear　between
the　Cyanean　and　Chelidonian　isles。　Callisthenes；　however；　says　that　he
did　not　agree　to　any　such　articles；　but　that；　upon　the　fear　this
victory　gave　him；　he　did　in　reality　thus　act；　and　kept　off　so　far　from
Greece；　that　when　Pericles　with　fifty　and　Ephialtes　with　thirty
galleys　cruised　beyond　the　Chelidonian　isles；　they　did　not　discover
one　Persian　vessel。　But　in　the　collection　which　Craterus　made　of　the
public　acts　of　the　people；　there　is　a　draft　of　this　treaty　given。
And　it　is　told；　also；　that　at　Athens　they　erected　the　altar　of　Peace
upon　this　occasion；　and　decreed　particular　honours　to　Callias；　who　was
employed　as　ambassador　to　procure　the　treaty。
　　The　people　of　Athens　raised　so　much　money　from　the　spoils　of　this
war；　which　were　publicly　sold；　that　besides　other　expenses；　and
raising　the　south　wall　of　the　citadel；　they　laid　the　foundation　of　the
long　walls；　not；　indeed；　finished　till　at　a　later　time；　which　were
called　the　Legs。　And　the　place　where　they　built　them　being　soft　and
marshy　ground；　they　were　forced　to　sink　great　weights　of　stone　and
rubble　to　secure　the　foundation；　and　did　all　this　out　of　the　money
Cimon　supplied　them　with。　It　was　he；　likewise；　who　first　embellished
the　upper　city　with　those　fine　and　ornamental　places　of　exercise　and
resort；　which　they　afterwards　so　much　frequented　and　delighted　in。
He　set　the　market…place　with　plane…trees；　and　the　Academy；　which　was
before　a　bare；　dry；　and　dirty　spot；　he　converted　into　a　well…watered
grove；　with　shady　alleys　to　walk　in；　and　open　courses　for　races。
　　When　the　Persians　who　had　made　themselves　masters　of　the　Chersonese；
so　far　from　quitting　it；　called　in　the　people　of　the　interior　of
Thrace　to　help　them　against　Cimon；　whom　they　despised　for　the
smallness　of　his　forces；　he　set　upon　them　with　only　four　galleys；
and　took　thirteen　of　theirs；　and　having　driven　out　the　Persians；　and
subdued　the　Thracians；　he　made　the　whole　Chersonese　the　property　of
Athens。　Next　he　attacked　the　people　of　Thasos；　who　had　revolted　from
the　Athenians；　and；　having　defeated　them　in　a　fight　at　sea；　where　he
took　thirty…three　of　their　vessels；　he　took　their　town　by　siege；　and
acquired　for　the　Athenians　all　the　mines　of　gold　on　the　opposite
coast；　and　the　territory　dependent　on　Thasos。　This　opened　him　a　fair
passage　into　Macedon；　so　that　he　might；　it　was　thought；　have
acquired　a　good　portion　of　that　country；　and　because　he　neglected
the　opportunity；　he　was　suspected　of　corruption；　and　of　having　been
bribed　off　by　King　Alexander。　So；　by　the　combination　of　his
adversaries；　he　was　accused　of　being　false　to　his　country。　In　his
defence　he　told　the　judges　that　he　had　always　shown　himself　in　his
public　life　the　friend；　not；　like　other　men；　of　rich　Ionians　and
Thessalians；　to　be　courted；　and　to　receive　presents；　but　of　the
Lacedaemonians；　for　as　he　admired；　so　he　wished　to　imitate；　the
plainness　of　their　habits；　their　temperance；　and　simplicity　of　living；
which　he　preferred　to　any　sort　of　riches：　but　that　he　always　had　been；
and　still　was；　proud　to　enrich　his　country　with　the　spoils　of　her
enemies。　Stesimbrotus；　making　mention　of　this　trial；　states　that
Elpinice；　in　behalf　of　her　brother；　addressed　herself　to　Pericles；　the
most　vehement　of　his　accusers；　to　whom　Pericles　answered；　with　a
smile；　〃You　are　old；　Elpinice；　to　meddle　with　affairs　of　this　nature。〃
However；　he　proved　the　mildest　of　his　prosecutors；　and　rose　up　but
once　all　the　while；　almost　as　a　matter　of　form；　to　plead　against
him。　Cimon　was　acquitted。
　　In　his　public　life　after　this　he　continued；　whilst　at　home；　to
control　and　restrain　the　common　people；　who　would　have　trampled　upon
the　nobility。　and　drawn　all　the　power　and　sovereignty　to　themselves。
But　when　he　afterwards　was　sent　out　to　war；　the　multitude　broke　loose；
as　it　were；　and　overthrew　all　the　ancient　laws　and　customs　they　had
hitherto　observed；　and；　chiefly　at　the　instigation　of　Ephialtes；
withdrew　the　cognisance　of　almost　all　causes　from　the　Areopagus；　so
that　all　jurisdiction　now　being　transferred　to　them；　the　government
was　reduced　to　a　perfect　democracy；　and　this　by　the　help　of
Pericles；　who　was　already　powerful；　and　had　pronounced　in　favour　of
the　common　people。　Cimon；　when　he　returned；　seeing　the　authority　of
this　great　council　so　upset；　was　exceedingly　troubled；　and　endeavoured
to　remedy　these　disorders　by　bringing　the　courts　of　law　to　their
former　state；　and　restoring　the　old　aristocracy　of　the　time　of
Clisthenes。　This　the　others　declaimed　against　with　all　the　vehemence
possible；　and　began　to　revive　those　stories　concerning　him　and　his
sister；　and　cried　out　against　him　as　the　partisan　of　the
Lacedaemonians。　To　these　calumnies　the　famous　verses　of　Eupolis　the
poet　upon　Cimon　refer：…

　　　　　　　　　〃He　was　as　good　as　others　that　one　sees；
　　　　　　　　　　But　he　was　fond　of　drinking　and　of　ease；
　　　　　　　　　　And　would　at　nights　to　Sparta　often　roam；
　　　　　　　　　　Leaving　his　sister　desolate　at　home。〃

　　But　if；　though　slothful　and　a　drunkard；　he　could　capture　so　many
towns　and　gain　so　many　victories；　certainly　if　he　had　been　sober　and
minded　his　business；　there　had　been　no　Grecian　commander；　either
before　or　after　him；　that　could　have　surpassed　him　for　exploits　of
war。
　　He　was；　indeed；　a　favourer　of　the　Lacedaemonians；　even　from　his
youth；　and　he　gave　the　names　of　Lacedaemonius　and　Eleus　to　two　sons；
twins；　whom　he　had；　as　Stesimbrotus　says；　by　a　woman　of　Clitorium；
whence　Pericles　often　upbraided　them　with　their　mother's　blood。　But
Diodorus　the　geographer　asserts　that　both　these；　and　another　son　of
Cimon's；　whose　name　was　Thessalus；　were　born　of　Isodice；　the
daughter　of　Euryptolemus；　the　son　of　Megacles。
　　However；　this　is　certain；　that　Cimon　was　countenanced　by　the
Lacedaemonians　in　opposition　to　Themistocles；　whom　they　disliked；
and　while　he　was　yet　very　young；　they　endeavoured　to　raise　and
increase　his　credit　in　Athens。　This　the　Athenians　perceived　at　first
with　pleasure；　and　the　favour　the　Lacedaemonians　showed　him　was　in
various　ways　advantageous　to　them　and　their　affairs；　as　at　that　time
they　were　just　rising　to　power；　and　were　occupied　in　winning　the
allies　to　their　side。　So　they　seemed　not　at　all　offended　with　the
honour　and　kindness　shown　to　Cimon；　who　then　had　the　chief
management　of　all　the　affairs　of　Greece；　and　was　acceptable　to　the
Lacedaemonians；　and　courteous　to　the　allies。　But　afterwards　the
Athenians；　grown　more　powerful；　when　they　saw　Cimon　so　entirely
devoted　to　the　Lacedaemonians；　began　to　be　angry；　for　he　would
always　in　his　speeches　prefer　them　to　the　Athenians；　and　upon　every
occasion；　when　he　would　reprimand　them　for　a　fault；　or　incite　them
to　emulation；　he　would　exclaim；　〃The　Lacedaemonians　would　not　do
thus。〃　This　raised　the　discontent；　and　got　him　in　some　degree　the
hatred　of　the　citizens；　but　that　which　ministered　chiefly　to　the
accusation　against　him　fell　out　upon　the　following　occasion。
　　In　the　fourth　year　of　the　reign　of　Archidamus；　the　son　of
Zeuxidamus；　King　of　Sparta；　there　happened　in　the　country　of
Lacedaemon　the　greatest　earthquake　that　was　known　in　the　memory　of
man；　the　earth　opened　into　chasms；　and　the　mountain　Taygetus　was　so
shaken；　that　some　of　the　rocky　points　of　it　fell　down；　and　except　five
houses；　all　the　town　of　Sparta　was　shattered　to　pieces。　They　say
that　a　little　before　any　motion　was　perceived；　as　the　young　men　and
the