the discovery of guiana-第5部分

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of　the　one　by　the　other；　I　thought　good　to　insert　part　of　the　120。
chapter　of　Lopez　in　his　General　History　of　the　Indies；　wherein　he
describeth　the　court　and　magnificence　of　Guayna　Capac；　ancestor　to　the
emperor　of　Guiana；　whose　very　words　are　these：

〃Todo　el　servicio　de　su　casa；　mesa；　y　cocina　era　de　oro　y　de　plata；　y
cuando　menos　de　plata　y　cobre；　por　mas　recio。　Tenia　en　su　recamara
estatuas　huecas　de　oro；　que　parescian　gigantes；　y　las　figuras　al
propio　y　tamano　de　cuantos　animales；　aves；　arboles；　y　yerbas　produce
la　tierra；　y　de　cuantos　peces　cria　la　mar　y　agua　de　sus　reynos。　Tenia
asimesmo　sogas；　costales；　cestas；　y　troxes　de　oro　y　plata；　rimeros　de
palos　de　oro；　que　pareciesen　lena　rajada　para　quemar。　En　fin　no　habia
cosa　en　su　tierra；　que　no　la　tuviese　de　oro　contrahecha；　y　aun　dizen；
que　tenian　los　Ingas　un　verjel　en　una　isla　cerca　de　la　Puna；　donde　se
iban　a　holgar；　cuando　querian　mar；　que　tenia　la　hortaliza；　las　flores；
y　arboles　de　oro　y　plata；　invencion　y　grandeza　hasta　entonces　nunca
vista。　Allende　de　todo　esto；　tenia　infinitisima　cantidad　de　plata　y
oro　por　labrar　en　el　Cuzco；　que　se　perdio　por　la　muerte　de　Guascar；　ca
los　Indios　lo　escondieron；　viendo　que　los　Espanoles　se　lo　tomaban；　y
enviaban　a　Espana。〃

That　is；　〃All　the　vessels　of　his　house；　table；　and　kitchen；　were　of
gold　and　silver；　and　the　meanest　of　silver　and　copper　for　strength　and
hardness　of　metal。　He　had　in　his　wardrobe　hollow　statues　of　gold　which
seemed　giants；　and　the　figures　in　proportion　and　bigness　of　all　the
beasts；　birds；　trees；　and　herbs；　that　the　earth　bringeth　forth；　and　of
all　the　fishes　that　the　sea　or　waters　of　his　kingdom　breedeth。　He　had
also　ropes；　budgets；　chests；　and　troughs　of　gold　and　silver；　heaps　of
billets　of　gold；　that　seemed　wood　marked　out　（split　into　logs）　to
burn。　Finally；　there　was　nothing　in　his　country　whereof　he　had　not　the
counterfeit　in　gold。　Yea；　and　they　say；　the　Ingas　had　a　garden　of
pleasure　in　an　island　near　Puna；　where　they　went　to　recreate
themselves；　when　they　would　take　the　air　of　the　sea；　which　had　all
kinds　of　garden…herbs；　flowers；　and　trees　of　gold　and　silver；　an
invention　and　magnificence　till　then　never　seen。　Besides　all　this；　he
had　an　infinite　quantity　of　silver　and　gold　unwrought　in　Cuzco；　which
was　lost　by　the　death　of　Guascar；　for　the　Indians　hid　it；　seeing　that
the　Spaniards　took　it；　and　sent　it　into　Spain。〃

And　in　the　117。　chapter；　Francisco　Pizarro　caused　the　gold　and　silver
of　Atabalipa　to　be　weighed　after　he　had　taken　it；　which　Lopez　setteth
down　in　these　words　following：〃Hallaron　cincuenta　y　dos　mil　marcos
de　buena　plata；　y　un　millon　y　trecientos　y　veinte　y　seis　mil　y
quinientos　pesos　de　oro。〃　Which　is；　〃They　found　52；000　marks　of　good
silver；　and　1；326；500　pesos　of　gold。〃　Now；　although　these　reports　may
seem　strange；　yet　if　we　consider　the　many　millions　which　are　daily
brought　out　of　Peru　into　Spain；　we　may　easily　believe　the　same。　For　we
find　that　by　the　abundant　treasure　of　that　country　the　Spanish　king
vexes　all　the　princes　of　Europe；　and　is　become；　in　a　few　years；　from　a
poor　king　of　Castile；　the　greatest　monarch　of　this　part　of　the　world；
and　likely　every　day　to　increase　if　other　princes　forslow　the　good
occasions　offered；　and　suffer　him　to　add　this　empire　to　the　rest；
which　by　far　exceedeth　all　the　rest。　If　his　gold　now　endanger　us；　he
will　then　be　unresistible。　Such　of　the　Spaniards　as　afterwards
endeavoured　the　conquest　thereof；　whereof　there　have　been　many；　as
shall　be　declared　hereafter；　thought　that　this　Inga；　of　whom　this
emperor　now　living　is　descended；　took　his　way　by　the　river　of　Amazons；
by　that　branch　which　is　called　Papamene　（The　Papamene　is　a　tributary
not　of　the　Amazon　river　but　of　the　Meta；　one　of　the　principal
tributaries　of　the　Orinoco）。　For　by　that　way　followed　Orellana；　by　the
commandment　of　Gonzalo　Pizarro；　in　the　year　1542；　whose　name　the　river
also　beareth　this　day。　Which　is　also　by　others　called　Maranon；
although　Andrew　Thevet　doth　affirm　that　between　Maranon　and　Amazons
there　are　120　leagues；　but　sure　it　is　that　those　rivers　have　one　head
and　beginning；　and　the　Maranon；　which　Thevet　describeth；　is　but　a
branch　of　Amazons　or　Orellana；　of　which　I　will　speak　more　in　another
place。　It　was　attempted　by　Ordas；　but　it　is　now　little　less　than　70
years　since　that　Diego　Ordas；　a　Knight　of　the　Order　of　Santiago；
attempted　the　same；　and　it　was　in　the　year　1542　that　Orellana
discovered　the　river　of　Amazons；　but　the　first　that　ever　saw　Manoa　was
Juan　Martinez；　master　of　the　munition　to　Ordas。　At　a　port　called
Morequito　（probably　San　Miguel）；　in　Guiana；　there　lieth　at　this　day　a
great　anchor　of　Ordas　his　ship。　And　this　port　is　some　300　miles　within
the　land；　upon　the　great　river　of　Orenoque。　I　rested　at　this　port　four
days；　twenty　days　after　I　left　the　ships　at　Curiapan。

The　relation　of　this　Martinez；　who　was　the　first　that　discovered
Manoa；　his　success；　and　end；　is　to　be　seen　in　the　Chancery　of　St。　Juan
de　Puerto　Rico；　whereof　Berreo　had　a　copy；　which　appeared　to　be　the
greatest　encouragement　as　well　to　Berreo　as　to　others　that　formerly
attempted　the　discovery　and　conquest。　Orellana；　after　he　failed　of　the
discovery　of　Guiana　by　the　said　river　of　Amazons；　passed　into　Spain；
and　there　obtained　a　patent　of　the　king　for　the　invasion　and　conquest；
but　died　by　sea　about　the　islands；　and　his　fleet　being　severed　by
tempest；　the　action　for　that　time　proceeded　not。　Diego　Ordas　followed
the　enterprise；　and　departed　Spain　with　600　soldiers　and　thirty　horse。
Who；　arriving　on　the　coast　of　Guiana；　was　slain　in　a　mutiny；　with　the
most　part　of　such　as　favoured　him；　as　also　of　the　rebellious　part；
insomuch　as　his　ships　perished　and　few　or　none　returned；　neither　was
it　certainly　known　what　became　of　the　said　Ordas　until　Berreo　found
the　anchor　of　his　ship　in　the　river　of　Orenoque；　but　it　was　supposed；
and　so　it　is　written　by　Lopez；　that　he　perished　on　the　seas；　and　of
other　writers　diversely　conceived　and　reported。　And　hereof　it　came
that　Martinez　entered　so　far　within　the　land；　and　arrived　at　that　city
of　Inga　the　emperor；　for　it　chanced　that　while　Ordas　with　his　army
rested　at　the　port　of　Morequito　（who　was　either　the　first　or　second
that　attempted　Guiana）；　by　some　negligence　the　whole　store　of　powder
provided　for　the　service　was　set　on　fire；　and　Martinez；　having　the
chief　charge；　was　condemned　by　the　General　Ordas　to　be　executed
forthwith。　Martinez；　being　much　favoured　by　the　soldiers；　had　all　the
means　possible　procured　for　his　life；　but　it　could　not　be　obtained　in
other　sort　than　this；　that　he　should　be　set　into　a　canoa　alone；
without　any　victual；　only　with　his　arms；　and　so　turned　loose　into　the
great　river。　But　it　pleased　God　that　the　canoa　was　carried　down　the
stream；　and　certain　of　the　Guianians　met　it　the　same　evening；　and；
having　not　at　any　time　seen　any　Christian　nor　any　man　of　that　colour；
they　carried　Martinez　into　the　land　to　be　wondered　at；　and　so　from
town　to　town；　until　he　came　to　the　great　city　of　Manoa；　the　seat　and
residence　of　Inga　the　emperor。　The　emperor；　after　he　had　beheld　him；
knew　him　to　be　a　Christian；　for　it　was　not　long　before　that　his
brethren　Guascar　and　Atabalipa　were　vanquished　by　the　Spaniards　in
Peru：　and　caused　him　to　be　lodged　in　his　palace；　and　well　entertained。
He　lived　seven　months　in　Manoa；　but　was　not　suffered　to　wander　into
the　country　anywhere。　He　was　also　brought　thither　all　the　way
blindfold；　led　by　the　Indians；　until　he　came　to　the　entrance　of　Manoa
itself；　and　was　fourteen　or　fifteen　days　in　the　passage。　He　avowed　at
his　death　that　he　entered　the　city　at　noon；　and　then　they　uncovered
his　face；　and　that　he　travelled　all　that　day　till　night　through　the
city；　and　the　next　day　from　sun　rising　to　sun　setting；　ere　he　came　to
the　palace　of　Inga。　After　that　Martinez　had　lived　seven　months　in
Manoa；　and　began　to　understand　the　language　of　the　country；　Inga　asked
him　whether　he　desired　to　return　into　his　own　country；　or　would
willingly　abide　with　him。　But　Martinez；　not　desirous　to　stay；　obtained
the　favour　of　Inga　to　depart；　with　whom　he　sent　divers　Guianians　to
conduct　him　to　the　river　of　Orenoque；　all　loaden　with　as　much　gold　as
they　could　carry；　which　he　gave　to　Martinez　at　his　departure。　But　when
he　was　arrived　near　the　river's　side；　the　borderers　which　are　called
Orenoqueponi　（poni　is　a　Carib　postposition　meaning　〃on〃）　robbed　him
and　his　Guianians　of　all　the　treasure　（the　borderers　being　at　that
time　at　wars；　which　Inga　had　not　conquered）　save　only　of　two　great
bottles　of　gourds；　which　were　filled　with　beads　of　gold　curiously
wrought；　which　those　Orenoqueponi　thought　had　been　no　other　thing　than
his　drink　or　meat；　or　grain　for　food；　with　which　Martinez　had　liberty
to　pass。　And　so　in　canoas　he　fell　down　from　the　river　of　Orenoque　to
Trinidad；　and　from　thence　to　Margarita；　and　so　to　St。　Juan　del　Puerto
Rico；　where；　remaining　a　long　time　for　passage　into　Spain；　he　died。　In
the　time　of　his　extreme　sickness；　and　when　he　was　without　hope　of
life；　receiving　the　sacrament　at　the　hands　of　his　confessor；　he
delivered　these　things；　with　the　relation　of　his　travels；　and　also
called　for　his　calabazas　or　gourds　of　the　gold　beads；　which　he　gave　to
the　church　and　friars；　to　be　prayed　for。

This　Martinez　was　he　that　christened　the　city　of　Manoa　by　the　name　of
El　Dorado；　and；　as　Berreo　informed　me；　upon　this　occasion；　those
Guianians；　and　also　the　borderers；　and　all　other　in　that　tract　which　I
have　seen；　are　marvellous　great　drunkards；　in　which　vice　I　think　no
nation　can　compare　with　them；　and　at　the　times　of　their　solemn　feasts；
when　the　emperor　carouseth　with　his　captains；　tributaries；　and
governors；　the　manner　is　thus。　All　those　that　pledge　him　are　first
stripped　naked　and　their　bodies　anointed　all　over　with　a　kind　of　white
balsamum　（by　them　called　curca）；　of　which　there　is　great　plenty；　and
yet　very　dear　amongst　them；　and　it　is　of　all　other　the　most　precious；
whereof　we　have　had　good　experience。　When　they　are　anointed　all　over；
certain　servants　of　the　emperor；　having　prepared　gold　made　into　fine
powder；　blow　it　through　hollow　canes　upon　their　naked　bodies；　until
they　be　all　shining　from　the　foot　to　the　head；　and　in　this　s