aristides-第5部分

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people；　as　if　they　were　not　about　to　join　battle；　but　crush　the　Greeks
in　their　flight。　Which　within　a　very　little　came　to　pass。　For
Pausanias；　perceiving　what　was　done；　made　a　halt；　and　commanded
every　one　to　put　themselves　in　order　for　the　battle；　but　either
through　his　anger　with　Amompharetus；　or　the　disturbance　he　was　in　by
reason　of　the　sudden　approach　of　the　enemy；　he　forgot　to　give　the
signal　to　the　Greeks　in　general。　Whence　it　was　that　they　did　not
come　in　immediately　or　in　a　body　to　their　assistance；　but　by　small
companies　and　straggling；　when　the　fight　was　already　begun。　Pausanias；
offering　sacrifice；　could　not　procure　favourable　omens；　and　so
commanded　the　Lacedaemonians；　setting　down　their　shields　at　their
feet；　to　abide　quietly　and　attend　his　directions；　making　no　resistance
to　any　of　their　enemies。　And　he　sacrificing　again　a　second　time；　the
horse　charged；　and　some　of　the　Lacedaemonians　were　wounded。　At　this
time；　also；　Callicrates；　who；　we　are　told；　was　the　most　comely　man
in　the　army；　being　shot　with　an　arrow　and　upon　the　point　of
expiring；　said　that　he　lamented　not　his　death　（for　he　came　from　home
to　lay　down　his　life　in　the　defence　of　Greece）；　but　that　he　died
without　action。　The　case　was　indeed　hard；　and　the　forbearance　of　the
men　wonderful；　for　they　let　the　enemy　charge　without　repelling　them；
and；　expecting　their　proper　opportunity　from　the　gods　and　their
general；　suffered　themselves　to　be　wounded　and　slain　in　their　ranks。
And　some　say；　that　while　Pausanias　was　at　sacrifice　and　prayers；
some　space　out　of　the　battle　array；　certain　Lydians；　falling
suddenly　upon　him；　plundered　and　scattered　the　sacrifice：　and　that
Pausanias　and　his　company；　having　no　arms；　beat　them　with　staves　and
whips；　and　that；　in　imitation　of　this　attack；　the　whipping　the　boys
about　the　altar；　and　after　it　the　Lydian　procession；　are　to　this　day
practised　in　Sparta。
　　Pausanias；　therefore；　being　troubled　at　these　things；　while　the
priests　went　on　offering　one　sacrifice　after　another；　turns　himself
towards　the　temple　with　tears　in　his　eyes；　and　lifting　up　his　hands　to
heaven　besought　Juno　of　Cithaeron；　and　the　other　tutelar　gods　of　the
Plataeans；　if　it　were　not　in　the　fates　for　the　Greeks　to　obtain　the
victory；　that　they　might　not　perish　without　performing　some　remarkable
thing；　and　by　their　actions　demonstrating　to　their　enemies　that　they
waged　war　with　men　of　courage　and　soldiers。　While　Pausanias　was　thus
in　the　act　of　supplication；　the　sacrifices　appeared　propitious；　and
the　soothsayers　foretold　victory。　The　word　being　given；　the
Lacedaemonian　battalion　of　foot　seemed；　on　the　sudden；　like　some　one
fierce　animal；　setting　up　his　bristles；　and　betaking　himself　to　the
combat；　and　the　barbarians　perceived　that　they　encountered　with　men
who　would　fight　it　to　the　death。　Therefore；　holding　their
wicker…shields　before　them；　they　shot　their　arrows　amongst　the
Lacedaemonians。　But　they；　keeping　together　in　the　order　of　a
phalanx；　and　falling　upon　the　enemies；　forced　their　shields　out　of
their　hands；　and；　striking　with　their　pikes　at　the　breasts　and　faces
of　the　Persians；　overthrew　many　of　them；　who；　however；　fell　not　either
unrevenged　or　without　courage。　For　taking　hold　of　the　spears　with
their　bare　hands；　they　broke　many　of　them；　and　betook　themselves　not
without　effect　to　the　sword；　and　making　use　of　their　falchions　and
scimitars；　and　wresting　the　Lacedaemonians'　shields　from　them；　and
grappling　with　them；　it　was　a　long　time　that　they　made　resistance。
　　Meanwhile；　for　some　time；　the　Athenians　stood　still；　waiting　for　the
Lacedaemonians　to　come　up。　But　when　they　heard　much　noise　as　of　men
engaged　in　fight；　and　a　messenger；　they　say；　came　from　Pausanias；　to
advertise　them　of　what　was　going　on；　they　soon　hasted　to　their
assistance。　And　as　they　passed　through　the　plain　to　the　place　where
the　noise　was；　the　Greeks；　who　took　part　with　the　enemy；　came　upon
them。　Aristides；　as　soon　as　he　saw　them；　going　a　considerable　space
before　the　rest；　cried　out　to　them；　conjuring　them　by　the　guardian
gods　of　Greece　to　forbear　the　fight；　and　be　no　impediment　or　stop　to
those　who　were　going　to　succour　the　defenders　of　Greece。　But　when　he
perceived　they　gave　no　attention　to　him；　and　had　prepared　themselves
for　the　battle；　then　turning　from　the　present　relief　of　the
Lacedaemonians；　he　engaged　them；　being　five　thousand　in　number。　But
the　greatest　part　soon　gave　way　and　retreated；　as　the　barbarians
also　were　put　to　flight。　The　sharpest　conflict　is　said　to　have　been
against　the　Thebans；　the　chiefest　and　most　powerful　persons　among　them
at　that　time　siding　zealously　with　the　Medes；　and　leading　the
multitude　not　according　to　their　own　inclination；　but　as　being
subjects　of　an　oligarchy。
　　The　battle　being　thus　divided；　the　Lacedaemonians　first　beat　off　the
Persians；　and　a　Spartan；　named　Arimnestus；　slew　Mardonius　by　a　blow　on
the　head　with　a　stone；　as　the　oracle　in　the　temple　of　Amphiaraus　had
foretold　to　him。　For　Mardonius　sent　a　Lydian　thither；　and　another
person；　a　Carian；　to　the　cave　of　Trophonius。　This　latter　the　priest　of
the　oracle　answered　in　his　own　language。　But　the　Lydian　sleeping　in
the　temple　of　Amphiaraus；　it　seemed　to　him　that　a　minister　of　the
divinity　stood　before　him　and　commanded　him　to　be　gone；　and　on　his
refusing　to　do　it；　flung　a　great　stone　at　his　head；　so　that　he　thought
himself　slain　with　the　blow。　Such　is　the　story。　…They　drove　the　fliers
within　their　walls　of　wood；　and；　a　little　time　after；　the　Athenians
put　the　Thebans　to　flight；　killing　three　hundred　of　the　chiefest　and
of　greatest　note　among　them　in　the　actual　fight　itself。　For　when
they　began　to　fly；　news　came　that　the　army　of　the　barbarians　was
besieged　within　their　palisade；　and　so　giving　the　Greeks　opportunity
to　save　themselves；　they　marched　to　assist　at　the　fortifications；
and　coming　in　to　the　Lacedaemonians；　who　were　altogether　unhandy　and
unexperienced　in　storming；　they　took　the　camp　with　great　slaughter
of　the　enemy。　For　of　three　hundred　thousand；　forty　thousand　only　are
said　to　have　escaped　with　Artabazus；　while　on　the　Greeks'　side　there
perished　in　all　thirteen　hundred　and　sixty；　of　which　fifty…two　were
Athenians；　all　of　the　tribe　Aeantis；　that　fought；　says　Clidemus；
with　the　greatest　courage　of　any；　and　for　this　reason　the　men　of
this　tribe　used　to　offer　sacrifice　for　the　victory；　as　enjoined　by　the
oracle；　to　the　nymphs　Sphragitides　at　the　expense　of　the　public；
ninety…one　were　Lacedaemonians；　and　sixteen　Tegeatans。　It　is
strange；　therefore；　upon　what　grounds　Herodotus　can　say；　that　they
only；　and　none　other；　encountered　the　enemy；　for　the　number　of　the
slain　and　their　monuments　testify　that　the　victory　was　obtained　by　all
in　general；　and　if　the　rest　had　been　standing　still；　while　the
inhabitants　of　three　cities　only　had　been　engaged　in　the　fight；　they
would　not　have　set　on　the　altar　the　inscription…

　　　　　　　　〃The　Greeks；　when；　by　their　courage　and　their　might；
　　　　　　　　　They　had　repelled　the　Persian　in　the　fight；
　　　　　　　　　The　common　altar　of　freed　Greece　to　be；
　　　　　　　　　Reared　this　to　Jupiter　who　guards　the　free。〃

　　They　fought　this　battle　on　the　fourth　day　of　the　month　Boedromion；
according　to　the　Athenians；　but　according　to　the　Boeotians；　on　the
twenty…seventh　of　Panemus；…　on　which　day　there　is　still　a　convention
of　the　Greeks　at　Plataea；　and　the　Plataeans　still　offer　sacrifice
for　the　victory　to　Jupiter　of　freedom。　As　for　the　difference　of
days；　it　is　not　to　be　wondered　at；　since　even　at　the　present　time；
when　there　is　a　far　more　accurate　knowledge　of　astronomy；　some　begin
the　month　at　one　time；　and　some　at　another。
　　After　this；　the　Athenians　not　yielding　the　honour　of　the　day　to
the　Lacedaemonians；　nor　consenting　they　should　erect　a　trophy；
things　were　not　far　from　being　ruined　by　dissension　among　the　armed
Greeks；　had　not　Aristides；　by　much　soothing　and　counselling　the
commanders；　especially　Leocrates　and　Myronides；　pacified　and　persuaded
them　to　leave　the　thing　to　the　decision　of　the　Greeks。　And　on　their
proceeding　to　discuss　the　matter；　Theogiton；　the　Megarian；　declared
the　honour　of　the　victory　was　to　be　given　some　other　city；　if　they
would　prevent　a　civil　war；　after　him　Cleocritus　of　Corinth　rising
up；　made　people　think　he　would　ask　the　palm　for　the　Corinthians　（for
next　to　Sparta　and　Athens；　Corinth　was　in　greatest　estimation）；　but　he
delivered　his　opinion；　to　the　general　admiration；　in　favour　of　the
Plataeans；　and　counselled　to　take　away　all　contention　by　giving　them
the　reward　and　glory　of　the　victory；　whose　being　honoured　could　be
distasteful　to　neither　party。　This　being　said；　first　Aristides　gave
consent　in　the　name　of　the　Athenians；　and　Pausanias；　then；　for　the
Lacedaemonians。　So；　being　reconciled；　they　set　apart　eighty　talents
for　the　Plataeans；　with　which　they　built　the　temple　and　dedicated
the　image　to　Minerva；　and　adorned　the　temple　with　pictures；　which　even
to　this　very　day　retain　their　lustre。　But　the　Lacedaemonians　and
Athenians　each　erected　a　trophy　apart　by　themselves。　On　their
consulting　the　oracle　about　offering　sacrifice；　Apollo　answered　that
they　should　dedicate　an　altar　to　Jupiter　of　freedom；　but　should　not
sacrifice　till　they　had　extinguished　the　fires　throughout　the　country；
as　having　been　defiled　by　the　barbarians；　and　had　kindled　unpolluted
fire　at　the　common　altar　at　Delphi。　The　magistrates　of　Greece；
therefore；　went　forthwith　and　compelled　such　as　had　fire　to　put　it
out；　and　Euchidas；　a　Plataean；　promising　to　fetch　fire；　with　all
possible　speed；　from　the　altar　of　the　god；　went　to　Delphi；　and
having　sprinkled　and　purified　his　body　crowned　himself　with　laurel；
and　taking　the　fire　from　the　altar　ran　back　to　Plataea；　and　got　back
there　before　sunset；　performing　in　one　day　a　journey　of　a　thousand
furlongs；　and　saluting　his　fellow…citizens　and　delivering　them　the
fire；　he　immediately　fell　down；　and　in　a　short　time　after　expired。　But
the　Plataeans；　taking　him　up；　interred　him　in　the　temple　of　Diana
Euclia；　setting　this　inscription　over　him：　〃Euchidas　ran　to　Delphi　and
back　again　in　one　day。〃　Most　people　believe　that　Euclia　is　Diana；
and　call　her　by　that　name。　But　some　say　she　was　the　daughter　of
Hercules；　by　Myrto；