ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

treatise on taxes and contributions-µÚ4²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡


merary¡¡100¡¡also£»¡¡how¡¡they¡¡should¡¡come¡¡by¡¡it£¿¡¡whether¡¡by¡¡begging£»¡¡or¡¡by¡¡stealing£»¡¡or¡¡whether¡¡they¡¡shall¡¡suffer¡¡themselves¡¡to¡¡starve£»¡¡finding¡¡no¡¡fruit¡¡of¡¡their¡¡begging£»¡¡or¡¡being¡¡taken¡¡in¡¡their¡¡stealing¡¡to¡¡put¡¡to¡¡death¡¡another¡¡way£¿¡¡Or¡¡whether¡¡they¡¡sahll¡¡be¡¡given¡¡away¡¡to¡¡another¡¡Nation¡¡that¡¡will¡¡take¡¡them£¿¡¡I¡¡think¡¡'tis¡¡plain£»¡¡they¡¡ought¡¡neither¡¡to¡¡be¡¡starved£»¡¡nor¡¡hanged£»¡¡nor¡¡given¡¡away£»¡¡now¡¡if¡¡they¡¡beg£»¡¡they¡¡may¡¡pine¡¡for¡¡hunger¡¡to¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡be¡¡gorged¡¡and¡¡glutted¡¡to¡¡morrow£»¡¡which¡¡will¡¡occasion¡¡Diseases¡¡and¡¡evil¡¡habits£»¡¡the¡¡same¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said¡¡of¡¡stealing£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡perhaps¡¡they¡¡may¡¡get¡¡either¡¡by¡¡begging¡¡or¡¡stealing¡¡more¡¡than¡¡will¡¡suffice¡¡them£»¡¡which¡¡will¡¡for¡¡ever¡¡after¡¡indispose¡¡them¡¡to¡¡labour£»¡¡even¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡occasion¡¡which¡¡may¡¡suddenly¡¡and¡¡unexpectedly¡¡happen¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡39¡£¡¡For¡¡all¡¡these¡¡Reasons£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡be¡¡certainly¡¡the¡¡safer¡¡way¡¡to¡¡afford¡¡them¡¡the¡¡superfluity¡¡which¡¡would¡¡otherwise¡¡be¡¡lost¡¡and¡¡wasted£»¡¡or¡¡wantonly¡¡spent£º¡¡Or¡¡in¡¡case¡¡there¡¡be¡¡no¡¡overplus£»¡¡then¡¡'tis¡¡fit¡¡to¡¡retrench¡¡a¡¡little¡¡from¡¡the¡¡delicacy¡¡of¡¡others¡¡feeding¡¡in¡¡quantity¡¡or¡¡quality£»¡¡few¡¡men¡¡spending¡¡less¡¡than¡¡double¡¡of¡¡what¡¡might¡¡suffice¡¡them¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡bare¡¡necessities¡¡of¡¡nature¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡40¡£¡¡Now¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡work¡¡of¡¡these¡¡supernumeraries£»¡¡let¡¡it¡¡be¡¡without¡¡expence¡¡of¡¡Foreign¡¡Commodities£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡'tis¡¡no¡¡matter¡¡if¡¡it¡¡be¡¡employed¡¡to¡¡build¡¡a¡¡useless¡¡Pyramid¡¡upon¡¡Salisbury¡¡Plain£»¡¡bring¡¡the¡¡Stones¡¡at¡¡Stonehenge¡¡to¡¡Tower¡¡Hill£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡like£»¡¡or¡¡at¡¡worst¡¡this¡¡would¡¡keep¡¡their¡¡minds¡¡to¡¡discipline¡¡and¡¡obedience£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡bodies¡¡to¡¡a¡¡patience¡¡of¡¡more¡¡profitable¡¡labours¡¡when¡¡need¡¡shall¡¡require¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡41¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡next¡¡place£»¡¡as¡¡an¡¡instance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡usefulness¡¡of¡¡what¡¡hath¡¡been¡¡propounded£»¡¡I¡¡ask¡¡what¡¡benefit¡¡will¡¡the¡¡mending¡¡of¡¡High¡­wayes£»¡¡the¡¡building¡¡of¡¡Bridges¡¡and¡¡Cawseys£»¡¡with¡¡making¡¡of¡¡Rivers¡¡navigable¡¡produce£»¡¡besides¡¡the¡¡pleasure¡¡and¡¡beauty¡¡of¡¡them£¿¡¡To¡¡which¡¡I¡¡also¡¡answer£»¡¡as¡¡an¡¡instance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡premises£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡together¡¡with¡¡the¡¡numerous¡¡missions¡¡of¡¡Cattle¡¡and¡¡Sheep¡¡out¡¡of¡¡Ireland£»¡¡shall¡¡produce¡¡a¡¡vaste¡¡superfluity¡¡of¡¡English¡¡Horses£»¡¡the¡¡which¡¡because¡¡they¡¡have¡¡the¡¡many¡¡excellent¡¡qualities¡¡of¡¡beauty£»¡¡strength£»¡¡courage£»¡¡swiftness£»¡¡and¡¡patience¡¡concentrated¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡Horses¡¡of¡¡other¡¡places£»¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡very¡¡vendible¡¡Commodity¡¡all¡¡over¡¡Europe£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡as¡¡depending¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡intrinsick¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡¡Soyle¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡counterfeited£»¡¡nor¡¡taken¡¡away¡¡by¡¡others¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡an¡¡Horse¡¡is¡¡such¡¡a¡¡Commodity¡¡as¡¡will¡¡carry¡¡both¡¡himself¡¡and¡¡his¡¡Merchant¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Market£»¡¡be¡¡the¡¡same¡¡never¡¡so¡¡distant¡£

Chapter¡¡3

How¡¡the¡¡Causes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡unquiet¡¡bearing¡¡of¡¡Taxes¡¡may¡¡be¡¡lessened¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡slightly¡¡gone¡¡through¡¡all¡¡the¡¡six¡¡branches¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Publick¡¡Charge£»¡¡and¡¡have¡¡£¨though¡¡imperfectly¡¡and¡¡in¡¡haste£©¡¡shewn¡¡what¡¡would¡¡encrease£»¡¡and¡¡what¡¡would¡¡abate¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡come¡¡next¡¡to¡¡take¡¡away¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡general¡¡Causes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡unquiet¡¡bearing¡¡of¡¡Taxes£»¡¡and¡¡yielding¡¡to¡¡Contributions£»¡¡viz¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2¡£1¡£¡¡That¡¡the¡¡people¡¡think£»¡¡the¡¡Soverign¡¡askes¡¡more¡¡then¡¡he¡¡needs¡£¡¡To¡¡which¡¡we¡¡answer£»¡¡1¡£¡¡That¡¡if¡¡the¡¡Sovereign¡¡were¡¡sure¡¡to¡¡have¡¡what¡¡he¡¡wanted¡¡in¡¡due¡¡time£»¡¡it¡¡were¡¡his¡¡own¡¡great¡¡dammage¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡away¡¡the¡¡money¡¡out¡¡of¡¡his¡¡Subjects¡¡hands£»¡¡who¡¡by¡¡trade¡¡increase¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡hoard¡¡it¡¡up¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own¡¡Coffers£»¡¡where¡¡'tis¡¡of¡¡no¡¡use¡¡even¡¡to¡¡himself£»¡¡but¡¡lyable¡¡to¡¡be¡¡begged¡¡or¡¡vainly¡¡expended¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡3¡£2¡£¡¡Let¡¡the¡¡Tax¡¡be¡¡never¡¡so¡¡great£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡be¡¡proportionable¡¡unto¡¡all£»¡¡then¡¡no¡¡man¡¡suffers¡¡the¡¡loss¡¡of¡¡any¡¡Riches¡¡by¡¡it¡£¡¡For¡¡men¡¡£¨as¡¡we¡¡said¡¡but¡¡now£©¡¡if¡¡the¡¡Estates¡¡of¡¡them¡¡all¡¡were¡¡either¡¡halfed¡¡or¡¡doubled£»¡¡would¡¡in¡¡both¡¡cases¡¡remain¡¡equally¡¡rich¡£¡¡For¡¡they¡¡would¡¡each¡¡man¡¡have¡¡his¡¡former¡¡state£»¡¡dignity¡¡and¡¡degree£»¡¡and¡¡moreover£»¡¡the¡¡Money¡¡leavied¡¡not¡¡going¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Nation£»¡¡the¡¡same¡¡also¡¡would¡¡remain¡¡as¡¡rich¡¡in¡¡comparison¡¡of¡¡any¡¡other¡¡Nation£»¡¡onley¡¡the¡¡Riches¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Prince¡¡and¡¡People¡¡would¡¡differ¡¡for¡¡a¡¡little¡¡while£»¡¡namely£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡money¡¡leavied¡¡from¡¡some£»¡¡were¡¡again¡¡refunded¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡or¡¡other¡¡persons¡¡that¡¡paid¡¡it£º¡¡In¡¡which¡¡case¡¡every¡¡man¡¡also¡¡should¡¡have¡¡his¡¡change¡¡and¡¡opportunity¡¡to¡¡be¡¡made¡¡the¡¡better¡¡or¡¡worse¡¡by¡¡the¡¡new¡¡distribution£»¡¡or¡¡if¡¡he¡¡lost¡¡by¡¡one£»¡¡yet¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡by¡¡another¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡4¡£3¡£¡¡Now¡¡that¡¡which¡¡angers¡¡men¡¡most£»¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taxed¡¡above¡¡their¡¡Neighbours¡£¡¡To¡¡which¡¡I¡¡answer£»¡¡that¡¡many¡¡times¡¡these¡¡surmizes¡¡are¡¡mistakes£»¡¡many¡¡times¡¡they¡¡are¡¡chances£»¡¡which¡¡in¡¡the¡¡next¡¡Tax¡¡may¡¡run¡¡more¡¡favourable£»¡¡and¡¡if¡¡they¡¡be¡¡by¡¡design£»¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡imagined£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡by¡¡design¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Sovereign£»¡¡but¡¡of¡¡some¡¡temporary¡¡Assessor£»¡¡whose¡¡turn¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡to¡¡receive¡¡the¡¡Talio¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡next¡¡occasion¡¡from¡¡the¡¡very¡¡man¡¡he¡¡has¡¡wronged¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡5¡£4¡£¡¡Men¡¡repine¡¡much£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡think¡¡the¡¡money¡¡leavyed¡¡will¡¡be¡¡expended¡¡on¡¡Entertainments£»¡¡magnificent¡¡Shews£»¡¡triumphal¡¡Arches£»¡¡etc¡£¡¡To¡¡which¡¡I¡¡answer£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡same¡¡is¡¡a¡¡refunding¡¡of¡¡said¡¡moneys¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Tradesmen¡¡who¡¡work¡¡upon¡¡those¡¡things£»¡¡which¡¡Trades¡¡though¡¡they¡¡seem¡¡vain¡¡and¡¡onely¡¡of¡¡orniment£»¡¡yet¡¡they¡¡refund¡¡presently¡¡to¡¡the¡¡most¡¡useful£»¡¡namely¡¡to¡¡Brewers£»¡¡Bakers£»¡¡Taylours£»¡¡Shoemakers£»¡¡etc¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡the¡¡Prince¡¡hath¡¡no¡¡more¡¡pleasure¡¡in¡¡these¡¡Shews¡¡and¡¡Entertainments¡¡than¡¡100000¡¡others¡¡of¡¡his¡¡meanest¡¡Subjects¡¡have£»¡¡whom£»¡¡for¡¡all¡¡their¡¡grumbling£»¡¡we¡¡see¡¡to¡¡travel¡¡many¡¡miles¡¡to¡¡be¡¡spectators¡¡of¡¡these¡¡mistaken¡¡and¡¡distasted¡¡vanities¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡6¡£5¡£¡¡The¡¡people¡¡often¡¡complain£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡King¡¡bestows¡¡the¡¡money¡¡he¡¡raises¡¡from¡¡the¡¡people¡¡upon¡¡his¡¡Favourites£º¡¡To¡¡which¡¡we¡¡answer£»¡¡that¡¡what¡¡is¡¡given¡¡to¡¡Favourites£»¡¡may¡¡at¡¡the¡¡next¡¡step¡¡or¡¡transmigration£»¡¡come¡¡into¡¡our¡¡own¡¡hands£»¡¡or¡¡theirs¡¡unto¡¡whom¡¡we¡¡wish¡¡well£»¡¡and¡¡think¡¡do¡¡deserve¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡7¡£¡¡Secondly£»¡¡as¡¡this¡¡man¡¡is¡¡a¡¡Favourite¡¡to¡¡day£»¡¡so¡¡another£»¡¡or¡¡our¡¡selves£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡hereafter£»¡¡favour¡¡being¡¡of¡¡a¡¡very¡¡slippery¡¡and¡¡moveable¡¡nature£»¡¡and¡¡not¡¡such¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡as¡¡we¡¡need¡¡much¡¡to¡¡envy£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡same¡¡way¡¡that¡¡¡­¡¡leads¡¡up¡¡a¡¡hill£»¡¡leads¡¡also¡¡down¡¡the¡¡same¡£¡¡Besides¡¡there¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Lawes¡¡or¡¡Customes¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡which¡¡excludes¡¡any¡¡the¡¡meanest¡¡mans¡¡Childe£»¡¡from¡¡arriving¡¡to¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡Offices¡¡in¡¡the¡¡this¡¡Kingdom£»¡¡much¡¡less¡¡debars¡¡him¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Personall¡¡kindness¡¡of¡¡his¡¡Prince¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡8¡£¡¡All¡¡these¡¡imaginations¡¡£¨whereunto¡¡the¡¡vulgar¡¡heads¡¡are¡¡subject£©¡¡do¡¡cause¡¡a¡¡backwardness¡¡to¡¡pay£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡necessitates¡¡teh¡¡Prince¡¡to¡¡severity¡£¡¡Now¡¡this¡¡lighting¡¡upon¡¡some¡¡poor£»¡¡though¡¡stubborn£»¡¡stiffnecked¡¡Refuser£»¡¡charged¡¡with¡¡Wife¡¡and¡¡Children£»¡¡gives¡¡the¡¡credulous¡¡great¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡complain¡¡of¡¡Oppression£»¡¡and¡¡breeds¡¡ill¡¡blood¡¡as¡¡to¡¡all¡¡other¡¡matters£»¡¡feeding¡¡the¡¡ill¡¡humours¡¡already¡¡in¡¡being¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡9¡£6¡£¡¡Ignorance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Number£»¡¡Trade£»¡¡and¡¡Wealth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡is¡¡often¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡the¡¡said¡¡people¡¡are¡¡needlesly¡¡troubled£»¡¡viz¡£¡¡with¡¡the¡¡double¡¡charge¡¡and¡¡vexation¡¡of¡¡two£»¡¡or¡¡many¡¡Levies£»¡¡when¡¡one¡¡might¡¡have¡¡served£º¡¡Examples¡¡whereof¡¡have¡¡been¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡late¡¡Poll¡­moneys£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡£¨by¡¡reason¡¡of¡¡not¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡state¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡viz¡£¡¡how¡¡many¡¡there¡¡were¡¡of¡¡each¡¡Taxable¡¡sort£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡want¡¡of¡¡sensible¡¡markes¡¡whereby¡¡to¡¡rate¡¡men£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡confounding¡¡of¡¡Estates¡¡with¡¡Titles¡¡and¡¡Offices£©¡¡great¡¡mistakes¡¡were¡¡committed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡10¡£¡¡Besides£»¡¡for¡¡not¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡Wealth¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡the¡¡Prince¡¡knows¡¡not¡¡what¡¡they¡¡can¡¡bear£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡not¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡Trade£»¡¡he¡¡can¡¡make¡¡no¡¡Judgment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡proper¡¡season¡¡when¡¡to¡¡demand¡¡his¡¡Exhibitions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡11¡£7¡£¡¡Obscurities¡¡and¡¡doubts£»¡¡about¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡imposing£»¡¡hath¡¡been¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡great¡¡an¡¡dugly¡¡Reluctancies¡¡in¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡Involuntary¡¡Severities¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Prince£»¡¡an¡¡eminent¡¡Example¡¡whereof¡¡was¡¡the¡¡Ship¡­money£»¡¡no¡¡small¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡twenty¡¡years¡¡calamity¡¡to¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡Kingdom¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡12¡£¡¡8¡£¡¡Fewness¡¡of¡¡people£»¡¡is¡¡real¡¡poverty£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡Nation¡¡wherein¡¡are¡¡Eight¡¡Millions¡¡of¡¡people£»¡¡are¡¡more¡¡than¡¡twice¡¡as¡¡rich¡¡as¡¡the¡¡same¡¡scope¡¡of¡¡Land¡¡wherein¡¡are¡¡but¡¡Four£»¡¡For¡¡the¡¡same¡¡Governours¡¡which¡¡are¡¡the¡¡great¡¡charge£»¡¡may¡¡serve¡¡near¡¡as¡¡well£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡greater£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡lesser¡¡number¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡13¡£¡¡Secondly£»¡¡If¡¡the¡¡people¡¡be¡¡so¡¡few£»¡¡as¡¡that¡¡they¡¡can¡¡live£»¡¡Ex¡¡sponte¡¡Creatis£»¡¡or¡¡with¡¡little¡¡labour£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡is¡¡Grazing£»¡¡etc¡£¡¡they¡¡become¡¡wholly¡¡without¡¡Art¡£¡¡No¡¡man¡¡that¡¡will¡¡not¡¡exercise¡¡his¡¡hands£»¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡endure¡¡the¡¡tortures¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mind£»¡¡which¡¡much¡¡thoughtfullness¡¡doth¡¡occasion¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡14¡£9¡£¡¡Scarcity¡¡of¡¡money£»¡¡is¡¡another¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡the¡¡bad¡¡payment¡¡of¡¡Taxes£»¡¡for¡¡if¡¡we¡¡consider£»¡¡that¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡wealth¡¡of¡¡this¡¡Nation£»¡¡viz¡£¡¡Lands£»¡¡Housing£»¡¡Shipping£»¡¡Commodities£»¡¡Furniture£»¡¡Plate£»¡¡and¡¡Money£»¡¡that¡¡scarce¡¡one¡¡part¡¡of¡¡an¡¡hundred¡¡is¡¡Coin£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡perhaps¡¡there¡¡is¡¡scarce¡¡six¡¡millions¡¡of¡¡Pounds¡¡now¡¡in¡¡England£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡but¡¡twenty¡¡shillings¡¡a¡¡head¡¡for¡¡every¡¡head¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Nation¡£¡¡We¡¡may¡¡easily¡¡judge£»¡¡how¡¡difficult¡¡it¡¡is¡¡for¡¡men¡¡of¡¡competent¡¡estates£»¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡a¡¡Summe¡¡of¡¡money¡¡on¡¡¡¡a¡¡sudden£»¡¡which¡¡if¡¡they¡¡cannot¡¡compass£»¡¡Severities£»¡¡and¡¡Charges¡¡ensue£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡with¡¡reason£»¡¡though¡¡unluckie¡¡enough£»¡¡it¡¡being¡¡more¡¡tolerable¡¡to¡¡undoe¡¡one¡¡particular¡¡Member£»¡¡then¡¡to¡¡endanger¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡nothwithstanding¡¡indeed¡¡it¡¡be¡¡more¡¡tolerable¡¡for¡¡one¡¡particular¡¡Member¡¡to¡¡be¡¡undone¡¡with¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡then¡¡alone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡15¡£10¡£¡¡It¡¡seems¡¡somewhat¡¡hard£»¡¡that¡¡all¡¡Taxes¡¡should¡¡be¡¡paid¡¡in¡¡money£»¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡£¨when¡¡the¡¡King¡¡hath¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡Victual¡¡his¡¡Ships¡¡at¡¡Portsmouth£©¡¡that¡¡Fat¡¡Oxen£»¡¡and¡¡Corn¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be¡¡received¡¡in¡¡kind£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡Farmers¡¡must¡¡first¡¡carry¡¡their¡¡corn¡¡perhaps¡¡ten¡¡Miles¡¡to¡¡sell£»¡¡and¡¡turn¡¡into¡¡money£»¡¡which¡¡being¡¡paid¡¡to¡¡the¡¡King£»¡¡is¡¡again¡¡reconverted¡¡into¡¡Corn£»¡¡fetcht¡¡many¡¡miles¡¡further¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡16¡£¡¡Moreover£»¡¡the¡¡Farmer¡¡for¡¡haste¡¡is¡¡force¡¡to¡¡undersell¡¡his¡¡Corn£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡King¡¡for¡¡haste¡¡likewise£»¡¡is¡¡forced¡¡to¡¡over¡­buy¡¡his¡¡provisions¡£¡¡Whereas¡¡the¡¡paying¡¡in¡¡kinde£»¡¡Pro¡¡Hic¡¡&¡¡Nunc£»¡¡would¡¡lessen¡¡a¡¡considerable¡¡grievance¡¡to¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡people¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡17¡£¡¡The¡¡next¡¡consideration¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡of¡¡the¡¡consequences£»¡¡and¡¡effects¡¡of¡¡too¡¡great¡¡a¡¡Tax£»¡¡not¡¡in¡¡respect¡¡of¡¡particular¡¡men£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡we¡¡have¡¡spoken¡¡before£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡people¡¡in¡¡general£º¡¡To¡¡which¡¡I¡¡say£»¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡measure£»¡¡and¡¡proportion¡¡of¡¡money¡¡requisite¡¡to¡¡drive¡¡the¡¡trade¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Nation£»¡¡more¡¡or¡¡less¡¡then¡¡which¡¡would¡¡prejudice¡¡the¡¡same¡£¡¡Just¡¡as¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡proportion¡¡of¡¡Farthings¡¡necessary¡¡in¡¡a¡¡small¡¡retail¡¡Trade£»¡¡to¡¡change¡¡silver¡¡money£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡even¡¡such¡¡reckonings£»¡¡as¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡adjusted¡¡with¡¡the¡¡smallest¡¡silver¡¡pieces¡£¡¡For¡¡money£»¡¡£¨made¡¡of¡¡Gold¡¡and¡¡silver£©¡¡is¡¡to¡¡the¡¡**¡¡*****¡¡£¨that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡our¡¡Food¡¡and¡¡Covering£©¡¡but¡¡as¡¡Farthings£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡local¡¡extrinsick¡¡money£»¡¡is¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Gold¡¡and¡¡Silver¡¡species¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡18¡£¡¡Now¡¡as¡¡the¡¡proportion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡Farthings¡¡requisite¡¡in¡¡comerse¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡from¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡people£»¡¡the¡¡frequency¡¡of¡¡their¡¡exchanges£»¡¡as¡¡also£»¡¡and¡¡principally¡¡from¡¡the¡¡value¡¡of¡¡the¡¡smalles¡¡silver¡¡
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡