pompey-第3部分

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chastise　his　crimes。　For　if　there　had　been　a　necessity；　as　perhaps
there　was；　that　he　should　be　taken　off；　that　might　have　been　done　at
first；　as　soon　as　he　was　taken　prisoner；　for　then　it　would　have　been
the　act　of　him　that　commanded　it。　But　here　Pompey　commanded　a　man　that
had　been　thrice　consul　of　Rome　to　be　brought　in　fetters　to　stand　at
the　bar；　he　himself　sitting　upon　the　bench　in　judgment；　examining
the　cause　with　the　formalities　of　law；　to　the　offence　and
indignation　of　all　that　were　present；　and　afterwards　ordered　him　to　be
taken　away　and　put　to　death。　It　is　related；　by　the　way；　of　Carbo；　that
as　soon　as　he　was　brought　to　the　place；　and　saw　the　sword　drawn　for
execution；　he　was　suddenly　seized　with　a　looseness　or　pain　in　his
bowels；　and　desired　a　little　respite　of　the　executioner；　and　a
convenient　place　to　relieve　himself。　And　yet　further；　Caius　Oppius；
the　friend　of　Caesar；　tells　us；　that　Pompey　dealt　cruelly　with　Quintus
Valerius；　a　man　of　singular　learning　and　science。　For　when　he　was
brought　to　him；　he　walked　aside；　and　drew　him　into　conversation；　and
after　putting　a　variety　of　questions　to　him；　and　receiving　answers
from　him；　he　ordered　his　officers　to　take　him　away　and　put　him　to
death。　But　we　must　not　be　too　credulous　in　the　case　of　narratives　told
by　Oppius；　especially　when　he　undertakes　to　relate　anything　touching
the　friends　or　foes　of　Caesar。　This　is　certain；　that　there　lay　a
necessity　upon　Pompey　to　be　severe　upon　many　of　Sylla's　enemies；　those
at　least　that　were　eminent　persons　in　themselves；　and　notoriously
known　to　be　taken；　but　for　the　rest；　he　acted　with　all　the　clemency
possible　for　him；　conniving　at　the　concealment　of　some；　and　himself
being　the　instrument　in　the　escape　of　others。　So　in　the　case　of　the
Himeraeans；　for　when　Pompey　had　determined　on　severely　punishing　their
city；　as　they　had　been　abettors　of　the　enemy；　Sthenis；　the　leader　of
the　people　there；　craving　liberty　of　speech；　told　him　that　what　he　was
about　to　do　was　not　at　all　consistent　with　justice；　for　that　he
would　pass　by　the　guilty　and　destroy　the　innocent；　and　on　Pompey
demanding　who　that　guilty　person　was　that　would　assume　the　offences　of
them　all；　Sthenis　replied　it　was　himself；　who　had　engaged　his
friends　by　persuasion　to　what　they　had　done；　and　his　enemies　by　force；
whereupon　Pompey；　being　much　taken　with　the　frank　speech　and　noble
spirit　of　the　man；　first　forgave　his　crime；　and　then　pardoned　all
the　rest　of　the　Himeraeans。　Hearing；　likewise；　that　his　soldiers
were　very　disorderly　in　their　march；　doing　violence　upon　the　roads；　he
ordered　their　swords　to　be　sealed　up　in　their　scabbards；　and　whosoever
kept　them　not　so　were　severely　punished。
　　Whilst　Pompey　was　thus　busy　in　the　affairs　and　government　of　Sicily；
he　received　a　decree　of　the　senate；　and　a　commission　from　Sylla；
commanding　him　forthwith　to　sail　into　Africa；　and　make　war　upon
Domitius　with　all　his　forces：　for　Domitius　had　rallied　up　a　far
greater　army　than　Marius　had　had　not　long　since；　when　he　sailed　out　of
Africa　into　Italy；　and　caused　a　revolution　in　Rome；　and　himself；　of
a　fugitive　outlaw；　became　a　tyrant。　Pompey；　therefore；　having　prepared
everything　with　the　utmost　speed；　left　Memmius；　his　sister's
husband；　governor　of　Sicily；　and　set　sail　with　one　hundred　and
twenty　galleys；　and　eight　hundred　other　vessels　laden　with　provisions；
money；　ammunition；　and　engines　of　battery。　He　arrived　with　his
fleet；　part　at　the　port　of　Utica；　part　at　Carthage；　and　no　sooner
was　he　landed；　but　seven　thousand　of　the　enemy　revolted　and　came
over　to　him；　while　his　own　forces　that　he　brought　with　him　consisted
of　six　entire　legions。　Here　they　tell　us　of　a　pleasant　incident　that
happened　to　him　at　his　first　arrival。
　　Some　of　his　soldiers　having　by　accident　stumbled　upon　a　treasure；　by
which　they　got　a　good　sum　of　money；　the　rest　of　the　army　hearing　this；
began　to　fancy　that　the　field　was　full　of　gold　and　silver；　which　had
been　hid　there　of　old　by　the　Carthaginians　in　the　time　of　their
calamities；　and　thereupon　fell　to　work；　so　that　the　army　was　useless
to　Pompey　for　many　days；　being　totally　engaged　in　digging　for　the
fancied　treasure；　he　himself　all　the　while　walking　up　and　down　only；
and　laughing　to　see　so　many　thousands　together；　digging　and　turning　up
the　earth。　Until　at　last；　growing　weary　and　hopeless；　they　came　to
themselves　and　returned　to　their　general；　begging　him　to　lead　them
where　he　pleased；　for　that　they　had　already　received　the　punishment　of
their　folly。
　　By　this　time　Domitius　had　prepared　himself　and　drawn　out　his　army　in
array　against　Pompey；　but　there　was　a　watercourse　betwixt　them；
craggy；　and　difficult　to　pass　over；　and　this；　together　with　a　great
storm　of　wind　and　rain　pouring　down　even　from　break　of　day；　seemed
to　leave　but　little　possibility　of　their　coming　together；　so　that
Domitius；　not　expecting　any　engagement　that　day；　commanded　his
forces　to　draw　off　and　retire　to　the　camp。　Now　Pompey；　who　was
watchful　upon　every　occasion；　making　use　of　the　opportunity；　ordered　a
march　forthwith；　and　having　passed　over　the　torrent；　fell　in
immediately　upon　their　quarters。　The　enemy　was　in　great　disorder　and
tumult；　and　in　that　confusion　attempted　a　resistance；　but　they　neither
were　all　there；　nor　supported　one　another；　besides；　the　wind　having
veered　about　beat　the　rain　full　in　their　faces。　Neither　indeed　was　the
storm　less　troublesome　to　the　Romans；　for　that　they　could　not
clearly　discern　one　another；　insomuch　that　even　Pompey　himself；
being　unknown；　escaped　narrowly；　for　when　one　of　his　soldiers　demanded
of　him　the　word　of　battle；　it　happened　that　he　was　somewhat　slow　in
his　answer；　which　might　have　cost　him　his　life。
　　The　enemy　being　routed　with　a　great　slaughter　（for　it　is　said　that
of　twenty　thousand　there　escaped　but　three　thousand）；　the　army　saluted
Pompey　by　the　name　of　Imperator；　but　he　declined　if；　telling　them　that
he　could　not　by　any　means　accept　of　that　title　as　long　as　he　saw　the
camp　of　the　enemy　standing；　but　if　they　designed　to　make　him　worthy　of
the　honour；　they　must　first　demolish　that。　The　soldiers　on　hearing
this　went　at　once　and　made　an　assault　upon　the　works　and　trenches；　and
there　Pompey　fought　without　his　helmet；　in　memory　of　his　former
danger；　and　to　avoid　the　like。　The　camp　was　thus　taken　by　storm；　and
among　the　rest　Domitius　was　slain。　After　that　overthrow；　the　cities　of
the　country　thereabouts　were　all　either　secured　by　surrender；　or　taken
by　storm。　King　Iarbas；　likewise；　a　confederate　and　auxiliary　of
Domitius；　was　taken　prisoner；　and　his　kingdom　was　given　to　Hiempsal。
　　Pompey　could　not　rest　here；　but　being　ambitious　to　follow　the　good
fortune　and　use　the　valour　of　his　army；　entered　Numidia；　and
marching　forward　many　days'　journey　up　into　the　country；　he
conquered　all　where…ever　he　came。　And　having　revived　the　terror　of　the
Roman　power；　which　was　now　almost　obliterated　among　the　barbarous
nations；　he　said　likewise；　that　the　wild　beasts　of　Africa　ought　not　to
be　left　without　some　experience　of　the　courage　and　success　of　the
Romans；　and　therefore　he　bestowed　some　few　days　in　hunting　lions　and
elephants。　And　it　is　said　that　it　was　not　above　the　space　of　forty
days　at　the　utmost　in　which　he　gave　a　total　overthrow　to　the　enemy；
reduced　Africa；　and　established　the　affairs　of　the　kings　and
kingdoms　of　all　that　country；　being　then　in　the　twenty…fourth　year
of　his　age。
　　When　Pompey　returned　back　to　the　city　of　Utica；　there　were　presented
to　him　letters　and　orders　from　Sylla；　commanding　him　to　disband　the
rest　of　his　army；　and　himself　with　one　legion　only　to　wait　there　the
coming　of　another　general；　to　succeed　him　in　the　government。　This；
inwardly；　was　extremely　grievous　to　Pompey；　though　he　made　no　show
of　it。　But　the　army　resented　it　openly；　and　when　Pompey　besought
them　to　depart　and　go　home　before　him；　they　began　to　revile　Sylla；　and
declared　broadly　that　they　were　resolved　not　to　forsake　him；　neither
did　they　think　it　safe　for　him　to　trust　the　tyrant。　Pompey　at　first
endeavoured　to　appease　and　pacify　them　by　fair　speeches；　but　when　he
saw　that　his　persuasions　were　vain；　he　left　the　bench；　and　retired
to　his　tent　with　tears　in　his　eyes。　But　the　soldiers　followed　him；　and
seizing　upon　him；　by　force　brought　him　again；　and　placed　him　in　his
tribunal；　where　great　part　of　that　day　was　spent　in　dispute；　they　on
their　part　persuading　him　to　stay　and　command　them；　he；　on　the　other
side；　pressing　upon　them　obedience　and　the　danger　of　mutiny。　At
last；　when　they　grew　yet　more　importunate　and　clamorous；　he　swore　that
he　would　kill　himself　if　they　attempted　to　force　him；　and　scarcely
even　thus　appeased　them。　Nevertheless；　the　first　tidings　brought　to
Sylla　were　that　Pompey　was　up　in　rebellion；　on　which　he　remarked　to
some　of　his　friends；　〃I　see；　then；　it　is　my　destiny　to　contend　with
children　in　my　old　age；〃　alluding　at　the　same　time　to　Marius；　who；
being　but　a　mere　youth；　had　given　him　great　trouble；　and　brought　him
into　extreme　danger。　But　being　undeceived　afterwards　by　better
intelligence；　and　finding　the　whole　city　prepared　to　meet　Pompey；
and　receive　him　with　every　display　of　kindness　and　honour；　he　resolved
to　exceed　them　all。　And；　therefore；　going　out　foremost　to　meet　him　and
embracing　him　with　great　cordiality；　he　gave　him　his　welcome　aloud
in　the　title　of　Magnus；　or　the　Great；　and　bade　all　that　were　present
call　him　by　that　name。　Others　say　that　he　had　this　title　first　given
him　by　a　general　acclamation　of　all　the　army　in　Africa；　but　that　it
was　fixed　upon　him　by　this　ratification　of　Sylla。　It　is　certain　that
he　himself　was　the　last　that　owned　the　title；　for　it　was　a　long　time
after；　when　he　was　sent　proconsul　into　Spain　against　Sertorius；　that
he　began　to　write　himself　in　his　letters　and　commissions　by　the　name
of　Pompeius　Magnus；　common　and　familiar　use　having　then　worn　off　the
invidiousness　of　the　title。　And　one　cannot　but　accord　respect　and
admiration　to　the　ancient　Romans；　who　did　not　reward　the　successes
of　action　and　conduct　in　war　alone　with　such　honourable　titles；　but
adorned　likewise　the　virtue　and　services　of　eminent　men　in　civil
government　with　the　same　distinctions　and　marks　of　honour。　Two　persons
received