american literary centers-第2部分

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but　I　do　not　think　of　any　one　who　has　adequately　dealt　with　our　Gentile
society。　　Mr。　James　has　treated　it　historically　in　Washington　Square；　and
more　modernly　in　some　passages　of　The　Bostonians；　as　well　as　in　some　of
his　shorter　stories；　Mr。　Edgar　Fawcett　has　dealt　with　it　intelligently
and　authoritatively　in　a　novel　or　two；　and　Mr。　Brander　Matthews　has
sketched　it；　in　this　aspect；　and　that　with　his　Gallic　cleverness；
neatness；　and　point。　　In　the　novel；　'His　Father's　Son'；　he　in　fact　faces
it　squarely　and　renders　certain　forms　of　it　with　masterly　skill。　　He　has
done　something　more　distinctive　still　in　'The　Action　and　the　Word'；　one
of　the　best　American　stories　I　know。　　But　except　for　these　writers；　our
literature　has　hardly　taken　to　New　York　society。




IV。

It　is　an　even　thing：　New　York　society　has　not　taken　to　our　literature。
New　York　publishes　it；　criticises　it；　and　circulates　it；　but　I　doubt　if
New　York　society　much　reads　it　or　cares　for　it；　and　New　York　is　therefore
by　no　means　the　literary　centre　that　Boston　once　was；　though　a　large
number　of　our　literary　men　live　in　or　about　New　York。　　Boston；　in　my　time
at　least；　had　distinctly　a　literary　atmosphere；　which　more　or　less
pervaded　society；　but　New　York　has　distinctly　nothing　of　the　kind；　in　any
pervasive　sense。　　It　is　a　vast　mart；　and　literature　is　one　of　the　things
marketed　here；　but　our　good　society　cares　no　more　for　it　than　for　some
other　products　bought　and　sold　here；　it　does　not　care　nearly　so　much　for
books　as　for　horses　or　for　stocks；　and　I　suppose　it　is　not　unlike　the
good　society　of　any　other　metropolis　in　this。　　To　the　general；　here；
journalism　is　a　far　more　appreciable　thing　than　literature；　and　has
greater　recognition；　for　some　very　good　reasons；　but　in　Boston　literature
had　vastly　more　honor；　and　even　more　popular　recognition；　than
journalism。　　There　journalism　desired　to　be　literary；　and　here　literature
has　to　try　hard　not　to　be　journalistic。　　If　New　York　is　a　literary　centre
on　the　business　side；　as　London　is；　Boston　was　a　literary　centre；　as
Weimar　was；　and　as　Edinburgh　was。　　It　felt　literature；　as　those　capitals
felt　it；　and　if　it　did　not　love　it　quite　so　much　as　might　seem；　it　always
respected　it。

To　be　quite　clear　in　what　I　wish　to　say　of　the　present　relation　of　Boston
to　our　other　literary　centres；　I　must　repeat　that　we　have　now　no　such
literary　centre　as　Boston　was。　　Boston　itself　has　perhaps　outgrown　the
literary　consciousness　which　formerly　distinguished　it　from　all　our　other
large　towns。　　In　a　place　of　nearly　a　million　people　（I　count　in　the
outlying　places）　newspapers　must　be　more　than　books；　and　that　alone　says
everything。

Mr。　Aldrich　once　noticed　that　whenever　an　author　died　in　Boston；　the　New…
Yorkers　thought　they　had　a　literary　centre；　and　it　is　by　some　such　means
that　the　primacy　has　passed　from　Boston；　even　if　it　has　not　passed　to　New
York。　　But　still　there　is　enough　literature　left　in　the　body　at　Boston　to
keep　her　first　among　equals　in　some　things；　if　not　easily　first　in　all。

Mr。　Aldrich　himself　lives　in　Boston；　and　he　is；　with　Mr。　Stedman；　the
foremost　of　our　poets。　　At　Cambridge　live　Colonel　T。　W。　Higginson；　an
essayist　in　a　certain　sort　without　rival　among　us；　and　Mr。　William　James；
the　most　interesting　and　the　most　literary　of　psychologists；　whose　repute
is　European　as　well　as　American。　　Mr。　Charles　Eliot　Norton　alone　survives
of　the　earlier　Cambridge　groupLongfellow；　Lowell；　Richard　Henry　Dana；
Louis　Agassiz；　Francis　J。　Child；　and　Henry　James；　the　father　of　the
novelist　and　the　psychologist。

To　Boston　Mr。　James　Ford　Rhodes；　the　latest　of　our　abler　historians；　has
gone　from　Ohio；　and　there　Mr。　Henry　Cabot　Lodge；　the　Massachusetts
Senator；　whose　work　in　literature　is　making　itself　more　and　more　known；
was　born　and　belongs；　politically；　socially；　and　intellectually。　　Mrs。
Julia　Ward　Howe；　a　poet　of　wide　fame　in　an　elder　generation；　lives　there；
Mr。　T。　B。　Aldrich　lives　there；　and　thereabouts　live　Mrs。　Elizabeth　Stuart
Phelps　Ward　and　Mrs。　Harriet　Prescott　Spofford；　the　first　of　a　fame
beyond　the　last；　who　was　known　to　us　so　long　before　her。　　Then　at　Boston；
or　near　Boston；　live　those　artists　supreme　in　the　kind　of　short　story
which　we　have　carried　so　far：　Miss　Jewett；　Miss　Wilkins；　Miss　Alice
Brown；　Mrs。　Chase…Wyman；　and　Miss　Gertrude　Smith；　who　comes　from　Kansas；
and　writes　of　the　prairie　farm…life；　though　she　leaves　Mr。　E。　W。　Howe
（of　'The　Story　of　a　Country　Town'　and　presently　of　the　Atchison　Daily
Globe）　to　constitute；　with　the　humorous　poet　Ironquill；　a　frontier
literary　centre　at　Topeka。　　Of　Boston；　too；　though　she　is　of　western
Pennsylvania　origin；　is　Mrs。　Margaret　Deland；　one　of　our　most　successful
novelists。　　Miss　Wilkins　has　married　out　of　Massachusetts　into　New
Jersey；　and　is　the　neighbor　of　Mr。　H。　M。　Alden　at　Metuchen。

All　these　are　more　or　less　embodied　and　represented　in　the　Atlantic
Monthly；　still　the　most　literary；　and　in　many　things　still　the　first　of
our　magazines。　　Finally；　after　the　chief　publishing　house　in　New　York；
the　greatest　American　publishing　house　is　in　Boston；　with　by　far　the
largest　list　of　the　best　American　books。　　Recently　several　firms　of
younger　vigor　and　valor　have　recruited　the　wasted　ranks　of　the　Boston
publishers；　and　are　especially　to　be　noted　for　the　number　of　rather　nice
new　poets　they　give　to　the　light。




V。

Dealing　with　the　question　geographically；　in　the　right　American　way；　we
descend　to　Hartford　obliquely　by　way　of　Springfield；　Massachusetts；
where；　in　a　little　city　of　fifty　thousand；　a　newspaper　of　metropolitan
influence　and　of　distinctly　literary　tone　is　published。　　At　Hartford
while　Charles　Dudley　Warner　lived；　there　was　an　indisputable　literary
centre；　Mark　Twain　lives　there　no　longer；　and　now　we　can　scarcely　count
Hartford　among　our　literary　centres；　though　it　is　a　publishing　centre　of
much　activity　in　subscription　books。

At　New　Haven；　Yale　University　has　latterly　attracted　Mr。　William　H。
Bishop；　whose　novels　I　always　liked　for　the　best　reasons；　and　has　long
held　Professor　J。　T。　Lounsbury；　who　is；　since　Professor　Child's　death　at
Cambridge；　our　best　Chaucer　scholar。　　Mr。　Donald　G。　　Mitchell；　once
endeared　to　the　whole　fickle　American　public　by　his　Reveries　of　a
Bachelor　and　his　Dream　Life；　dwells　on　the　borders　of　the　pleasant　town；
which　is　also　the　home　of　Mr。　J。　W。　De　Forest；　the　earliest　real　American
novelist；　and　for　certain　gifts　in　seeing　and　telling　our　life　also　one
of　the　greatest。

As　to　New　York　（where　the　imagination　may　arrive　daily　from　New　Haven；
either　by　a　Sound　boat　or　by　eight　or　ten　of　the　swiftest　express　trains
in　the　world）；　I　confess　I　am　more　and　more　puzzled。　　Here　abide　the
poets；　Mr。　R。　H。　Stoddard；　Mr。　E。　C。　Stedman；　Mr。　R。　W。　Gilder；　and　many
whom　an　envious　etcetera　must　hide　from　view；　the　fictionists；　Mr。　R。　H。
Davis；　Mrs。　Kate　Douglas　Wiggin；　Mr。　Brander　Matthews；　Mr。　Frank
Hopkinson　Smith；　Mr。　Abraham　Cahan；　Mr。　Frank　Norris；　and　Mr。　James　Lane
Allen；　who　has　left　Kentucky　to　join　the　large　Southern　contingent；　which
includes　Mrs。　Burton　Harrison　and　Mrs。　McEnery　Stuart；　the　historians；
Professor　William　M。　Sloane　and　Dr。　Eggleston　（reformed　from　a　novelist）；
the　literary　and　religious　and　economic　essayists；　Mr。　Hamilton　W。
Mabie；　Mr。　H。　M。　Alden；　Mr。　J。　J。　Chapman；　and　Mr。　E。　L。　Godkin；　with
critics；　dramatists；　satirists；　magazinists；　and　journalists　of　literary
stamp　in　number　to　convince　the　wavering　reason　against　itself　that　here
beyond　all　question　is　the　great　literary　centre　of　these　States。　　There
is　an　Authors'　Club；　which　alone　includes　a　hundred　and　fifty　authors；
and；　if　you　come　to　editors；　there　is　simply　no　end。　　Magazines　are
published　here　and　circulated　hence　throughout　the　land　by　millions；　and
books　by　the　ton　are　the　daily　output　of　our　publishers；　who　are　the
largest　in　the　country。

If　these　things　do　not　mean　a　great　literary　centre；　it　would　be　hard　to
say　what　does；　and　I　am　not　going　to　try　for　a　reason　against　such　facts。
It　is　not　quality　that　is　wanting；　but　perhaps　it　is　the　quantity　of　the
quality；　there　is　leaven；　but　not　for　so　large　a　lump。　　It　may　be　that
New　York　is　going　to　be　our　literary　centre；　as　London　is　the　literary
centre　of　England；　by　gathering　into　itself　all　our　writing　talent；　but
it　has　by　no　means　done　this　yet。　　What　we　can　say　is　that　more　authors
come　here　from　the　West　and　South　than　go　elsewhere；　but　they　often　stay
at　home；　and　I　fancy　very　wisely。　　Mr。　Joel　Chandler　Harris　stays　at
Atlanta；　in　Georgia；　Mr。　James　Whitcomb　Riley　stays　at　Indianapolis；　Mr。
Maurice　Thompson　spent　his　whole　literary　life；　and　General　Lew。　Wallace
still　lives　at　Crawfordsville；　Indiana；　Mr。　Madison　Cawein　stays　at
Louisville；　Kentucky；　Miss　Murfree　stays　at　St。　Louis；　Missouri；　Francis
R。　Stockton　spent　the　greater　part　of　the　year　at　his　place　in　West
Virginia；　and　came　only　for　the　winter　months　to　New　York；　Mr。　Edward
Bellamy；　until　his　failing　health　exiled　him　to　the　Far　West；　remained　at
Chicopee；　Massachusetts；　and　I　cannot　think　of　one　of　these　writers　whom
it　would　have　advantaged　in　any　literary　wise　to　dwell　in　New　York。　　He
would　not　have　found　greater　incentive　than　at　home；　and　in　society　he
would　not　have　found　that　literary　tone　which　all　society　had；　or　wished
to　have；　in　Boston　when　Boston　was　a　great　town　and　not　yet　a　big　town。

In　fact；　I　doubt　if　anywhere　in　the　world　there　was　ever　so　much　taste
and　feeling　for　literature　as　there　was　in　that　Boston。　　At　Edinburgh　（as
I　imagine　it）　there　was　a　large　and　distinguished　literary　class；　and　at
Weimar　there　was　a　cultivated　court　circle；　but　in　Boston　there　was　not
only　such　a　group　of　authors　as　we　shall　hardly　see　here　again　for
hundreds　of　years；　but　there　was　such　regard　for　them　and　their　calling；
not　only　in　good　society；　but　among　the　extremely　well…read　people　of　the
whole　intelligent　city；　as　hardly　another　community　has　shown。　　New　York；
I　am　quite　sure；　never　was　such　a　centre；　and　I　see　no　signs　that　it　ever
will　be。　　It　does　not　influence　the　literature　of　the　whole　country　as
Boston　once　did　through　writers　whom　all　the　young　writers　wished　to
resemble；　it　does　not　give　t