the cavalry general-第2部分

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the　vice　of　the　animal　which　he　bestrides；　the　trooper　himself　is



rendered　useless。







＇20＇　Or；　〃As　regards　those　who　are　actually　serving　in　the　cavalry。〃



　　　　For　a　plausible　emend。　of　this　passage　（S。　13）　see　Courier　（〃Notes



　　　　sur　le　texte；〃　p。　54）；　L。　Dind。　ad　loc。







＇21＇　Lit。　〃the　senate　might　incite　to　。　。　。〃







＇22＇　Reading　｛ean｝；　or　if　｛kan｝　with　the　MSS。；　trans。　〃even　in　case　of



　　　　an　advance　against　the　enemy。〃







With　a　view　to　strengthening　the　horses'　feet：　if　any　one　has　an



easier　or　more　simple　treatment　to　suggest；　by　all　means　let　it　be



adopted；　but　for　myself；　as　the　result　of　experience；　I　maintain　that



the　proper　course　is　to　lay　down　a　loose　layer　of　cobbles　from　the



road；　a　pound　or　so　in　weight；　on　which　the　horse　should　be　put　to



stand；　when　taken　from　the　manger　to　be　groomed。＇23＇　The　point　is；



that　the　horse　will　keep　perpetually　moving　first　one　foot　and　then



another　on　the　stones；　whilst　being　rubbed　down　or　simply　because　he



is　fidgeted　by　flies。　Let　any　one　try　the　experiment；　and；　I　venture



to　predict；　not　only　will　he　come　to　trust　my　guidance；　but　he　will



see　his　horse's　hoofs　grow　just　as　round　and　solid　as　the　cobbles。







＇23＇　See　below；　〃Horse。〃　iv。　4。　The　Greeks　did　not　〃shoe〃　their



　　　　horses。







Assuming；　then；　your　horses　are　all　that　horses　ought　to　be；　how　is



the　trooper　to　attain　a　like　degree　of　excellence？　To　that　question　I



will　now　address　myself。　The　art　of　leaping　on　to　horseback　is　one



which　we　would　fain　persuade　the　youthful　members　of　the　corps　to



learn　themselves；　though；　if　you　choose　to　give　them　an



instructor；＇24＇　all　the　greater　credit　to　yourself。　And　as　to　the



older　men　you　cannot　do　better　than　accustom　them　to　mount；　or　rather



to　be　hoisted　up　by　aid　of　some　one；　Persian　fashion。＇25＇







＇24＇　Like　Pheidon；　in　the　fragment　of　Mnesimachus's　play　〃The　Breeder



　　　　of　Horses；〃　ap。　Athen。　See　Courier；　ib。　p。　55。







＇25＇　See　〃Anab。〃　IV。　iv。　4；　〃Horsemanship；〃　vi。　12。







With　a　view　to　keeping　a　firm　seat　on　every　sort　of　ground；　it　may　be



perhaps　be　thought　a　little　irksome　to　be　perpetually　marching　out；



when　there　is　no　war；＇26＇　but　all　the　same；　I　would　have　you　call　your



men　together　and　impress　upon　them　the　need　to　train　themselves；　when



they　ride　into　the　country　to　their　farms；　or　elsewhere；　by　leaving



the　high　road　and　galloping　at　a　round　pace　on　ground　of　every



description。＇27＇　This　method　will　be　quite　as　beneficial　to　them　as



the　regular　march　out；　and　at　the　same　time　not　produce　the　same　sense



of　tedium。　You　may　find　it　useful　also　to　remind　them　that　the　state



on　her　side　is　quite　willing　to　expend　a　sum　of　nearly　forty



talents＇28＇　yearly；　so　that　in　the　event　of　war　she　may　not　have　to



look　about　for　cavalry；　but　have　a　thoroughly　efficient　force　to　hand



for　active　service。　Let　these　ideas　be　once　instilled　into　their



minds；　and；　mark　my　words；　your　trooper　will　fall　with　zest　to



practising　horsemanship；　so　that　if　ever　the　flame　of　war　burst　out　he



may　not　be　forced　to　enter　the　lists　a　raw　recruit；　unskilled　to　fight



for　fame　and　fatherland　or　even　life　itself。







＇26＇　In　the　piping　days　of　peace。







＇27＇　See　〃Econ。〃　xi。　17。　Cf。　Theophr。　〃Ch。〃　viii。　〃The　Late　Learner〃：



　　　　｛kai　eis　agron　eph'　ippou　allotriou　katakhoumenos　ama　meletan



　　　　ippazesthai；　kai　peson　ten　kephalon　kateagenai｝；　〃Riding　into　the



　　　　country　on　another's　horse；　he　will　practise　his　horsemanship　by



　　　　the　way；　and　falling；　will　break　his　head〃　（Jebb）。







＇28＇　=　L10；000　circa。　See　Boeckh；　op。　cit。　p。　251。







It　would　be　no　bad　thing　either；　to　forewarn　your　troopers　that　one



day　you　will　take　them　out　yourself　for　a　long　march；　and　lead　them



across　country　over　every　kind　of　ground。　Again；　whilst　practising　the



evolutions　of　the　rival　cavalry　display；＇29＇　it　will　be　well　to　gallop



out　at　one　time　to　one　district　and　again　to　another。　Both　men　and



horses　will　be　benefited。







＇29＇　Lit。　〃the　anthippasia。〃　See　iii。　11；　and　〃Horsemanship；〃　viii。



　　　　10。







Next；　as　to　hurling　the　javelin　from　horseback；　the　best　way　to　secure



as　wide　a　practice　of　the　art　as　possible；　it　strikes　me；　would　be　to



issue　an　order　to　your　phylarchs　that　it　will　be　their　duty　to　put



themselves　at　the　head　of　the　marksmen　of　several　tribes；　and　to　ride



out　to　the　butts　for　practice。　In　this　way　a　spirit　of　emulation　will



be　rousedthe　several　officers　will；　no　doubt；　be　eager　to　turn　out



as　many　marksmen　as　they　can　to　aid　the　state。＇30＇







＇30＇　On　competition　cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　II。　i。　22；　and　our　author　passim。







And　so　too；　to　ensure　that　splendour　of　accoutrement　which　the　force



requires；＇31＇　the　greatest　help　may　once　again　be　looked　for　from　the



phylarchs；　let　these　officers　but　be　persuaded　that　from　the　public



point　of　view　the　splendid　appearance　of　their　squadrons＇32＇　will



confer　a　title　to　distinction　far　higher　than　that　of　any　personal



equipment。　Nor　is　it　reasonable　to　suppose　that　they　will　be　deaf　to



such　an　argument；　since　the　very　desire　to　hold　the　office　of　phylarch



itself　proclaims　a　soul　alive　to　honour　and　ambition。　And　what　is



more；　they　have　it　in　their　power；　in　accordance　with　the　actual



provisions　of　the　law；　to　equip　their　men　without　the　outlay　of　a



single　penny；　by　enforcing　that　self…equipment　out　of　pay＇33＇　which



the　law　prescribes。







＇31＇　Or；　〃a　beauty　of　equipment；　worthy　of　our　knights。〃　Cf。　Aristoph。



　　　　〃Lysistr。〃　561；　and　a　fragment　of　〃The　Knights；〃　of　Antiphanes；



　　　　ap。　Athen。　503　B；　｛pant'　'Amaltheias　keras｝。　See　〃Hiero；〃　ix。　6；



　　　　〃Horse。〃　xi。　10。







＇32＇　Lit。　〃tribes；〃　｛phulai｝　（each　of　the　ten　tribes　contributing



　　　　about　eighty　men；　or；　as　we　might　say；　a　squadron）。







＇33＇　i。e。　the　｛katastasis｝；　〃allowance；〃　so　technically　called。　Cf。



　　　　Lys。　〃for　Mantitheos〃；　Jebb；　〃Att。　Or。〃　i。　246；　Boeckh；　〃P。　E。　A。〃



　　　　II。　xxi。　p。　263；　K。　F。　Hermann；　152；　19；　Martin；　op。　cit。　p。　341。







But　to　proceed。　In　order　to　create　a　spirit　of　obedience　in　your



subordinates；　you　have　two　formidable　instruments；＇34＇　as　a　matter　of



plain　reason　you　can　show　them　what　a　host　of　blessings　the　word



discipline　implies；　and　as　a　matter　of　hard　fact　you　can；　within　the



limits　of　the　law；　enable　the　well…disciplined　to　reap　advantage；



while　the　undisciplined　are　made　to　feel　the　pinch　at　every　turn。







＇34＇　〃The　one　theoretic；　the　other　practical。〃







But　if　you　would　rouse　the　emulation　of　your　phylarchs；　if　you　would



stir　in　each　a　personal　ambition　to　appear　at　the　head　of　his　own



squadron　in　all　ways　splendidly　appointed；　the　best　incentive　will　be



your　personal　example。　You　must　see　to　it　that　your　own　bodyguard＇35＇



are　decked　with　choice　accoutrement　and　arms；　you　must　enforce　on　them



the　need　to　practise　shooting　pertinaciously；　you　must　expound　to　them



the　theory　of　the　javelin；　yourself　an　adept　in　the　art　through



constant　training。＇36＇







＇35＇　Techn。　｛prodromoi｝；　possibly　=　the　Hippotoxotai；　or　corps　of　200



　　　　mounted　archersScythians；　cf。　〃Mem。〃　III。　iii。　11。　Or；　probably；



　　　　〃mounted　skirmishers；〃　distinct　from　the　｛ippotexotai｝。　Cf。



　　　　Arrian；　〃An。〃　i。　12。　7。　See　Aristot。　〃Ath。　Pol。〃　49。　5。







＇36＇　Reading　as　vulg。　｛eisegoio｝；　or　if　with　L。　D。　｛egoio｝　（cf。　above；



　　　　S。　21）；　trans。　〃you　must　lead　them　out　to　the　butts　yourself。〃







Lastly；　were　it　possible　to　institute　and　offer　prizes　to　the　several



tribal　squadrons　in　reward　for　every　excellence　of　knighthood　known　to



custom　in　the　public　spectacles　of　our　city；　we　have　here；　I　think；　an



incentive　which　will　appeal　to　the　ambition　of　every　true　Athenian。



How　small；　in　the　like　case　of　our　choruses；　the　prizes　offered；　and



yet　how　great　the　labour　and　how　vast　the　sums　expended！＇37＇　But　we



must　discover　umpires　of　such　high　order　that　to　win　their　verdict



will　be　as　precious　to　the　victor　as　victory　itself。







＇37＇　See　〃Hell。〃　III。　iv。　15；　〃Hiero；〃　ix。　3；　〃Cyrop。〃　I。　vi。　18；



　　　　Martin；　op。　cit。　p。　260　f。















II







Given；　then；　that　your　troopers　are　thoroughly　trained　in　all　the



above　particulars；　it　is　necessary；　I　presume；　that　they　should



further　be　instructed　in　a　type　of　evolution　the　effect　of　which　will



show　itself　not　only　in　the　splendour　of　the　great　processions＇1＇　in



honour　of　the　gods；　but　in　the　manouvres　of　the　exercising…ground；　in



the　valorous　onslaught　of　real　battle　when　occasion　calls；　and　in　the



ease　with　which　whole　regiments　will　prosecute　their　march；　or　cross　a



river；　or　thread　a　defile　without　the　slightest　symptom　of　confusion。



What　this　formation　isessential；　at　least　in　my　opinion；　to　the



noblest　execution　of　their　several　dutiesI　will　now；　without　delay；



endeavour　to　explain。＇2＇







＇1＇　e。g。　the　Panathenaic；　as　depicted　on　the　frieze　of　the　Parthenon。







＇2＇　Or；　〃what　this　best　order　is；　the　adoption　of　which　will　give



　　　　these　several　features　fair　accomplishment；　I　will　without　further



　　　　pause　set　forth。〃







We　take　as　our　basis；　then；　the　constitutional　division　of　ten



tribes。＇3＇　Given　these；　the　proper　course；　I　say；　is　to　appoint；　with



the　concurrence　of　the　several　phylarchs；　certain　decadarchs



（file…leaders）＇4＇　to　be　selected　from　the　men　ripest　of　age　and



strength；　most　eager　to　achieve　some　deed　of　honour　and　to　be　known　to



fame。　These　a