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the cavalry general-第3部分

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strength; most eager to achieve some deed of honour and to be known to



fame。 These are to form your front…rank men;'5' and after these; a



corresponding number should be chosen from the oldest and the most



sagacious members of the squadron; to form the rear…rank of the files



or decads; since; to use an illustration; iron best severs iron when



the forefront of the blade'6' is strong and tempered; and the momentum



at the back is sufficient。







'3' See 〃Revenues;〃 iv。 30。







'4' Decadarchs; lit。 commanders of ten; a 〃file〃 consisting normally



    (or ideally) of ten men。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。 II。 ii。 30; VIII。 i。 14。 It



    will be borne in mind that a body of cavalry would; as a rule; be



    drawn up in battle line at least four deep (see 〃Hell。〃 III。 iv。



    13); and frequently much deeper。 (The Persian cavalry in the



    engagement just referred to were twelve deep。)







'5' See 〃Cyrop。〃 III。 iii。 41; 57; VI。 iii。 24; 27; VII。 i。 15; 〃Pol。



    Lac。〃 xi。 5。 These front…rank men would seem to correspond to our



    〃troop guides;〃 and the rear…rank men to our serre…files to some



    extent。







'6' Cf。 Aelian Tact。 26; ap。 Courier。







The interval between the front and rear…rank men will best be filled



supposing that the decadarchs are free to choose their own supports;



and those chosen theirs; and so on following suit; since on this



principle we may expect each man to have his trustiest comrade at his



back。







As to your lieutenant;'7' it is every way important to appoint a good



man to this post; whose bravery will tell; and in case of need at any



time to charge the enemy; the cheering accents of his voice will



infuse strength into those in front; or when the critical moment of



retreat arrives; his sage conduct in retiring will go far; we may well



conclude; towards saving his division。'8'







'7' {ton aphegoumenon}; lit。 〃him who leads back〃 (a function which



    would devolve upon the {ouragos} under many circumstances)。 Cf。



    〃Cyrop。〃 II。 iii。 21; 〃Hell。〃 IV。 viii。 37; Plat。 〃Laws;〃 760 D。 =



    our 〃officer serre…file;〃 to some extent。 So Courier: 〃Celui qui



    commande en serre…file。 C'est chez nous le capitaine en second。〃







'8' Or; 〃the rest of the squadron。〃 Lit。 〃his own tribesmen。〃







An even number of file…leaders will admit of a greater number of equal



subdivisions than an odd。







The above formation pleases me for two good reasons: in the first



place; all the front…rank men are forced to act as officers;'9' and



the same man; mark you; when in command is somehow apt to feel that



deeds of valour are incumbent on him which; as a private; he ignores;



and in the next place; at a crisis when something calls for action on



the instant; the word of command passed not to privates but to



officers takes speedier effect。







'9' i。e。 all find themselves in a position of command; and there is



    nothing like command to inspire that feeling of noblesse oblige



    which is often lacking in the private soldier。 See Thuc。 v。 66;



    〃Pol。 Lac。〃 xi。 5。







Supposing; then; a regiment of cavalry drawn up in this formation:



just as the squadron…leaders have their several positions for the



march (or the attack'10') assigned them by the commander; so the file…



leaders will depend upon the captain for the order passed along the



line in what formation they are severally to march; and all being



prearranged by word of mouth; the whole will work more smoothly than



if left to chancelike people crowding out of a theatre to their



mutual annoyance。 And when it comes to actual encounter greater



promptitude will be displayed: supposing the attack is made in front;



by the file…leaders who know that this is their appointed post; or in



case of danger suddenly appearing in rear; then by the rear…rank men;



whose main idea is that to desert one's post is base。 A want of



orderly arrangement; on the contrary; leads to confusion worse



confounded at every narrow road; at every passage of a river; and when



it comes to fighting; no one of his own free will assigns himself his



proper post in face of an enemey。







'10' Lit。 〃where to ride;〃 i。e。 in what formation whether on the line



    of march or in action。







The above are fundamental matters not to be performed without the



active help of every trooper who would wish to be a zealous and



unhesitating fellow…worker with his officer。'11'







'11' Cf。 〃Hiero;〃 vii。 2; 〃Cyrop。〃 II。 iv。 10。















III







I come at length to certain duties which devolve upon the general of



cavalry himself in person: and first and foremost; it concerns him to



obtain the favour of the gods by sacrifices in behalf of the state



cavalry; and in the next place to make the great procession at the



festivals a spectacle worth seeing; and further; with regard to all



those public shows demanded by the state; wherever held;'1' whether in



the grounds of the Acadamy or the Lyceum; at Phaleron or within the



hippodrome; it is his business as commander of the knights to see that



every pageant of the sort is splendidly exhibited。







'1' Cf。 Theophr。 〃Ch。〃 vii。 (Jebb ad loc。 p。 204; n。 25)。







But these; again; are memoranda。'2' To the question how the several



features of the pageant shall receive their due impress of beauty; I



will now address myself。







'2' Read {tauta men alla upomnemata}; or if with Pantazid。 {apla};



    trans。 〃these are simply memoranda。〃







And first to speak of the Processions。'3' These will; I think; be



rendered most acceptable to Heaven and to earth's spectators were the



riders to ride round the Agora and temples; commencing from the



Hermae; and pay honour to the sacred beings; each in turn; whose



shrines and statues are there congregated。 (Thus in the great



Dionysia'4' the choruses embrace their gracious service to the other



gods and to the Twelve with circling dance。'5') When the circuit is



completed; and the riders are back again in front of the Hermae; it



would add; I think; to the beauty of the scene'6' if at this point



they formed in companies of tribes; and giving their horses rein;



swept forward at the gallop to the Eleusinion。 Nor must I omit to note



the right position of the lance; to lessen as far as possible the risk



of mutual interference。'7' Each trooper should hold his lance straight



between the ears of his charger; which in proportion to the



distinctness given to the weapon will rouse terror; and at the same



time create a vague idea of multitudinousness。'8'







'3' {tas pompas}。 See A。 Martin; op。 cit。 147; 160。







'4' Celebrated in March (Elaphebolion)。







'5' Or; 〃by dancing roundelays in honour of the gods; especially The



    Twelve〃; and as to the Twelve cf。 Aristoph。 〃Knights;〃 235;



    〃Birds;〃 95; Plat。 〃Laws;〃 654; Paus。 i。 3。 3; 40。 3; viii。 25。 3;



    Plut。 〃Nic。〃 13; Lycurg。 198。







'6' Or; 〃it would be a beautiful sequel to the proceedings; in my



    opinion; if at this point they formed in squadron column; and



    giving rein to their chargers; swept forward at full gallop to the



    Eleusinion。〃 See Leake; op。 cit。 i。 296。







'7' Lit。 〃nor will I omit how the lances shall as little as possible



    overlap one another。〃







'8' Lit。 〃Every trooper should be at pains to keep his lance straight



    between the ears of his charger; if these weapons are to be



    distinct and terror…striking; and at the same time to appear



    numerous。〃







As soon as they have ceased from the charge at full gallop; the pace



should at once be changed; and now; with footing slow; let them



retrace their course back to the temples。 In this way every detail



characteristic of knightly pageantry'9' will have been displayed to



the delight of god and man。 That our knights are not accustomed to



these actual evolutions; I am well aware; but I also recognise the



fact that the performances are good and beautiful and will give



pleasure to spectators。 I do not fail to note; moreover; that novel



feats of horsemanship have before now been performed by our knights;



when their commanders have had the ability to get their wishes readily



complied with。







'9' Lit。 〃everything that may be performed on a mounted horse。〃



    Possibly; as Cobet suggests; {kala} has dropped out。 See



    〃Horsemanship;〃 xi。 3; 6。







But now; let us suppose it is the occasion of the march…past;'10' in



the grounds of the Lyceum; before the javelin…throwing。 The scene



would gain in beauty if the tribal squadrons were to ride in line of



columns'11' as if for battle; in two divisions; five squadrons in the



one and five in the other; with the hipparch and the phylarchs at



their head; in such formation as to allow the whole breadth of the



racecourse to be filled。 Then; as soon as they have gained the top'12'



of the incline; which leads down to the theatre opposite; it would; I



think; be obviously useful here to show the skill with which your



troopers can gallop down a steep incline'13' with as broad a front as



the nature of the ground permits。 I am quite clear that your troopers;



if they can trust their own skill in galloping; will take kindly to



such an exhibition; while as certainly; if unpractised; they must look



to it that the enemy does not give them a lesson in the art some day;



perforce。







'10' {dielauno
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