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the cavalry general-第4部分
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perforce。
'10' {dielaunosin en Lukeio}。 See A。 Martin; op。 cit。 196; cf。 Arist。
〃Peace;〃 356。
'11' Or; as we might say; 〃in regimental order;〃 〃with the commanding
officer in front and their respective squadron…leaders〃; and for
the Lyceum see 〃Hell。〃 I。 i。 33; II。 iv。 27。
'12' Lit。 〃the apex of the confronting theatre。〃
'13' See 〃Horsemanship;〃 viii。 6; 〃Anab。〃 IV。 viii。 28。
To come to the test manouvres。'14' The order in which the men will
ride with showiest effect on these occasions has been already
noted。'15' As far as the leader is himself concerned; and presuming he
is mounted on a powerful horse; I would suggest that he should each
time ride round on the outer flank; in which case he will himself be
kept perpetually moving at a canter; and those with him; as they
become the wheeling flank; will; by turns; fall into the same pace;
with this result: the spectacle presented to the senate will be that
of an ever rapidly moving stream of cavaliers; and the horses having;
each in turn; the opportunity to recover breath; will not be overdone。
'14' {dokimasiais}; reviews and inspections。 See A。 Martin; op。 cit。
p。 333。
'15' Where? Some think in a lost passage of the work (see Courier; p。
111; n。 1); or is the reference to ch。 ii。 above? and is the scene
of the {dokimasiai} Phaleron? There is no further refernece to {ta
Phaleroi}。 Cf。 S。 1; above。 See Aristot。 〃Ath。 Pol。〃 49 (now the
locus classicus on the subject); and Dr。 Sandys ad loc。 The scene
is represented on a patera from Orvieto; now in the Berlin Museum;
reproduced and fully described in 〃The Art of Horsemanship by
Xenophon;〃 translated; with chapters on the Greek Riding…Horse;
and with notes; by Morris H。 Morgan; p。 76。
On occasions when the display takes place in the hippodrome;'16' the
best arrangement would be; in the first place; that the troops should
fill the entire space with extended front; so forcing out the mob of
people from the centre;'17' and secondly; that in the sham fight'18'
which ensues; the tribal squadrons; swiftly pursuing and retiring;
should gallop right across and through each other; the two hipparchs
at their head; each with five squadrons under him。 Consider the effect
of such a spectacle: the grim advance of rival squadrons front to
front; the charge; the solemn pause as; having swept across the
hippodrome; they stand once more confronting one another; and then the
trumpet sounds; whereat a second and yet swifter hostile advance; how
fine the effect!and once again they are at the halt; and once again
the trumpet sounds; and for the third time; at the swiftest pace of
all; they make a final charge across the field; before dismissal;
after which they come to a halt en masse; in battle order; and; as now
customary;'19' ride up to salute the senate; and disband。 These
evolutions will at once approve themselves; I think; not only for
their novelty; but for their resemblacne to real warfare。 The notion
that the hipparch is to ride at a slower pace than his phylarchs; and
to handle his horse precisely in their style; seems to me below the
dignity of the office。
'16' In the hippodrome near Munychia; I suppose。
'17' Lit。 〃。 。 。 it would be beautiful to form with extended front; so
as to fill the hippodrome with horses and drive out the people
from the central space; beautiful to 。 。 。〃 The new feature of the
review would seem to have been the introduction of a sham fight in
three parts; down to the customary advance of the whole corps;
{epi phalaggos}。 Cf。 Virg。 〃Aen。〃 v。 545 foll。 But see Martin; op。
cit。 197。
'18' Lit。 〃the anthippasia。〃
'19' 〃As is your custom。〃 See 〃Mem。〃 III。 iii。 6。
When the cavalry parade takes place on the hard…trodden'20' ground of
the Academy; I have the following advice to give。 To avoid being
jolted off his horse at any moment; the trooper should; in charging;
lean well back;'21' and to prevent his charger stumbling; he should
while wheeling hold his head well up; but along a straight stretch he
should force the pace。 Thus the spectacle presented to the senate will
combine the elements of beauty and of safety。
'20' Cf。 Thuc。 vii。 27。
'21' See 〃Horsemanship;〃 vii。 17。
IV
To pass to a different topic: on the march; the general will need to
exercise a constant forethought to relieve the horses' backs and the
troopers' legs; by a judicious interchange of riding and of marching。
Wherein consists the golden mean; will not be hard to find; since
〃every man a standard to himself;〃'1' applies; and your sensations are
an index to prevent your fellows being overdone through inadvertence。
'1' The phrase is proverbial。 Cf。 Plat。 〃Theaet。〃 183 B。
But now supposing you are on the march in some direction; and it is
uncertain whether you will stumble on the enemy; your duty is to rest
your squadrons in turn; since it will go hard with you; if the enemy
come to close quarters when the whole force is dismounted。'2' Or;
again; suppose the roads are narrow; or you have to cross a defile;
you will pass; by word of mouth; the command to diminish the front;'3'
or given; again; you are debouching on broad roads; again the word of
command will pass by word of mouth; to every squadron; 〃to increase
their front〃; or lastly; supposing you have reached flat country; 〃to
form squadron in order of battle。〃 If only for the sake of practice;
it is well to go through evolutions of the sort;'4' besides which it
adds pleasure to the march thus to diversify the line of route with
cavalry mavouvres。
'2' See 〃Hell。〃 V。 iv。 40 for a case in point。
'3' Or; 〃advance by column of route。〃 See 〃Hell。〃 VII。 iv。 23。
'4' Or; 〃it is a pleasant method of beguiling the road。〃 Cf。 Plat。
〃Laws;〃 i。 625 B。
Supposing; however; you are off roads altogether and moving fast over
difficult ground; no matter whether you are in hostile or in friendly
territory; it will be useful if the scouts attached to squadrons'5'
rode on in advance; their duty being; in case of encountering pathless
clefts or gullies; to work round on to practicable ground; and to
discover at what point the troopers may effect a passage; so that
whole ranks may not go blindly roaming。'6'
'5' {ton upereton} = 〃ground scouts;〃 al。 〃orderlies。〃 Ordonnances;
trabans (Courier)。 See Rustow and Kochly; p。 140。 〃Cyrop。〃 II。 i。
21; II。 iv。 4; V。 iii。 52; VII。 v。 18; and VI。 ii。 13; 〃Anab。〃 I。
ix。 27; II。 i。 9; where 〃adjutants;〃 〃orderlies〃 would seem to be
implied。
'6' Al。 〃to prevent whole divisions losing their way。〃 Cf。 〃Anab。〃
VIII。 iii。 18。
Again; if there is prospect of danger on the march; a prudent general
can hardly show his wisdom better than by sending out advanced patrols
in front of the ordinary exploring parties to reconnoitre every inch
of ground minutely。 So to be apprised of the enemy's position in
advance; and at as great a distance off as possible; cannot fail to be
useful; whether for purposes of attack or defence; just as it is
useful also to enforce a halt at the passage of a river or some other
defile; so that the men in rear may not knock their horses all to bits
in endeavouring to overtake their leader。 These are precepts known; I
admit; to nearly all the world; but it is by no means every one who
will take pains to apply them carefully。'7'
'7' See 〃Econ。〃 xx。 6。 foll。
It is the business of the hipparch to take infinite precautions while
it is still peace; to make himself acquainted with the details; not
only of his own; but of the hostile territory;'8' or if; as may well
betide; he personally should lack the knowledge; he should invite the
aid of others'9'those best versed in the topography of any district。
Since there is all the difference in the world between a leader
acquainted with his roads and one who is not; and when it comes to
actual designs upon the enemy; the difference between knowing and not
knowing the locality can hardly be exaggerated。
'8' Or; 〃with hostile and friendly territories alike。〃
'9' Lit。 〃he should associate with himself those of the rest〃; i。e。
his colleagues or other members of the force。
So; too; with regard to spies and intelligencers。 Before war commences
your business is to provide yourself with a supply of people friendly
to both states; or maybe merchants (since states are ready to receive
the importer of goods with open arms); sham deserters may be found
occasionally useful。'10' Not; of course; that the confidence you feel
in your spies must ever cause you to neglect outpost duty; indeed your
state of preparation should at any moment be precisely what it ought
to be; supposing the approach or the imminent arrival of the enemy
were to be announced。 Let a spy be ever so faithful; there is always
the risk he may fail to report his intelligence at the critical
moment; since the obstacles which present themselves in war are not to
be counted on the fingers。
'10' Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 VI。 i。 39; where one of the Persians; Araspas;
undertakes to play this role to good effect。
But to proceed to another topi
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