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the cavalry general-第4部分

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perforce。







'10' {dielaunosin en Lukeio}。 See A。 Martin; op。 cit。 196; cf。 Arist。



    〃Peace;〃 356。







'11' Or; as we might say; 〃in regimental order;〃 〃with the commanding



    officer in front and their respective squadron…leaders〃; and for



    the Lyceum see 〃Hell。〃 I。 i。 33; II。 iv。 27。







'12' Lit。 〃the apex of the confronting theatre。〃







'13' See 〃Horsemanship;〃 viii。 6; 〃Anab。〃 IV。 viii。 28。







To come to the test manouvres。'14' The order in which the men will



ride with showiest effect on these occasions has been already



noted。'15' As far as the leader is himself concerned; and presuming he



is mounted on a powerful horse; I would suggest that he should each



time ride round on the outer flank; in which case he will himself be



kept perpetually moving at a canter; and those with him; as they



become the wheeling flank; will; by turns; fall into the same pace;



with this result: the spectacle presented to the senate will be that



of an ever rapidly moving stream of cavaliers; and the horses having;



each in turn; the opportunity to recover breath; will not be overdone。







'14' {dokimasiais}; reviews and inspections。 See A。 Martin; op。 cit。



    p。 333。







'15' Where? Some think in a lost passage of the work (see Courier; p。



    111; n。 1); or is the reference to ch。 ii。 above? and is the scene



    of the {dokimasiai} Phaleron? There is no further refernece to {ta



    Phaleroi}。 Cf。 S。 1; above。 See Aristot。 〃Ath。 Pol。〃 49 (now the



    locus classicus on the subject); and Dr。 Sandys ad loc。 The scene



    is represented on a patera from Orvieto; now in the Berlin Museum;



    reproduced and fully described in 〃The Art of Horsemanship by



    Xenophon;〃 translated; with chapters on the Greek Riding…Horse;



    and with notes; by Morris H。 Morgan; p。 76。







On occasions when the display takes place in the hippodrome;'16' the



best arrangement would be; in the first place; that the troops should



fill the entire space with extended front; so forcing out the mob of



people from the centre;'17' and secondly; that in the sham fight'18'



which ensues; the tribal squadrons; swiftly pursuing and retiring;



should gallop right across and through each other; the two hipparchs



at their head; each with five squadrons under him。 Consider the effect



of such a spectacle: the grim advance of rival squadrons front to



front; the charge; the solemn pause as; having swept across the



hippodrome; they stand once more confronting one another; and then the



trumpet sounds; whereat a second and yet swifter hostile advance; how



fine the effect!and once again they are at the halt; and once again



the trumpet sounds; and for the third time; at the swiftest pace of



all; they make a final charge across the field; before dismissal;



after which they come to a halt en masse; in battle order; and; as now



customary;'19' ride up to salute the senate; and disband。 These



evolutions will at once approve themselves; I think; not only for



their novelty; but for their resemblacne to real warfare。 The notion



that the hipparch is to ride at a slower pace than his phylarchs; and



to handle his horse precisely in their style; seems to me below the



dignity of the office。







'16' In the hippodrome near Munychia; I suppose。







'17' Lit。 〃。 。 。 it would be beautiful to form with extended front; so



    as to fill the hippodrome with horses and drive out the people



    from the central space; beautiful to 。 。 。〃 The new feature of the



    review would seem to have been the introduction of a sham fight in



    three parts; down to the customary advance of the whole corps;



    {epi phalaggos}。 Cf。 Virg。 〃Aen。〃 v。 545 foll。 But see Martin; op。



    cit。 197。







'18' Lit。 〃the anthippasia。〃







'19' 〃As is your custom。〃 See 〃Mem。〃 III。 iii。 6。







When the cavalry parade takes place on the hard…trodden'20' ground of



the Academy; I have the following advice to give。 To avoid being



jolted off his horse at any moment; the trooper should; in charging;



lean well back;'21' and to prevent his charger stumbling; he should



while wheeling hold his head well up; but along a straight stretch he



should force the pace。 Thus the spectacle presented to the senate will



combine the elements of beauty and of safety。







'20' Cf。 Thuc。 vii。 27。







'21' See 〃Horsemanship;〃 vii。 17。















IV







To pass to a different topic: on the march; the general will need to



exercise a constant forethought to relieve the horses' backs and the



troopers' legs; by a judicious interchange of riding and of marching。



Wherein consists the golden mean; will not be hard to find; since



〃every man a standard to himself;〃'1' applies; and your sensations are



an index to prevent your fellows being overdone through inadvertence。







'1' The phrase is proverbial。 Cf。 Plat。 〃Theaet。〃 183 B。







But now supposing you are on the march in some direction; and it is



uncertain whether you will stumble on the enemy; your duty is to rest



your squadrons in turn; since it will go hard with you; if the enemy



come to close quarters when the whole force is dismounted。'2' Or;



again; suppose the roads are narrow; or you have to cross a defile;



you will pass; by word of mouth; the command to diminish the front;'3'



or given; again; you are debouching on broad roads; again the word of



command will pass by word of mouth; to every squadron; 〃to increase



their front〃; or lastly; supposing you have reached flat country; 〃to



form squadron in order of battle。〃 If only for the sake of practice;



it is well to go through evolutions of the sort;'4' besides which it



adds pleasure to the march thus to diversify the line of route with



cavalry mavouvres。







'2' See 〃Hell。〃 V。 iv。 40 for a case in point。







'3' Or; 〃advance by column of route。〃 See 〃Hell。〃 VII。 iv。 23。







'4' Or; 〃it is a pleasant method of beguiling the road。〃 Cf。 Plat。



    〃Laws;〃 i。 625 B。







Supposing; however; you are off roads altogether and moving fast over



difficult ground; no matter whether you are in hostile or in friendly



territory; it will be useful if the scouts attached to squadrons'5'



rode on in advance; their duty being; in case of encountering pathless



clefts or gullies; to work round on to practicable ground; and to



discover at what point the troopers may effect a passage; so that



whole ranks may not go blindly roaming。'6'







'5' {ton upereton} = 〃ground scouts;〃 al。 〃orderlies。〃 Ordonnances;



    trabans (Courier)。 See Rustow and Kochly; p。 140。 〃Cyrop。〃 II。 i。



    21; II。 iv。 4; V。 iii。 52; VII。 v。 18; and VI。 ii。 13; 〃Anab。〃 I。



    ix。 27; II。 i。 9; where 〃adjutants;〃 〃orderlies〃 would seem to be



    implied。







'6' Al。 〃to prevent whole divisions losing their way。〃 Cf。 〃Anab。〃



    VIII。 iii。 18。







Again; if there is prospect of danger on the march; a prudent general



can hardly show his wisdom better than by sending out advanced patrols



in front of the ordinary exploring parties to reconnoitre every inch



of ground minutely。 So to be apprised of the enemy's position in



advance; and at as great a distance off as possible; cannot fail to be



useful; whether for purposes of attack or defence; just as it is



useful also to enforce a halt at the passage of a river or some other



defile; so that the men in rear may not knock their horses all to bits



in endeavouring to overtake their leader。 These are precepts known; I



admit; to nearly all the world; but it is by no means every one who



will take pains to apply them carefully。'7'







'7' See 〃Econ。〃 xx。 6。 foll。







It is the business of the hipparch to take infinite precautions while



it is still peace; to make himself acquainted with the details; not



only of his own; but of the hostile territory;'8' or if; as may well



betide; he personally should lack the knowledge; he should invite the



aid of others'9'those best versed in the topography of any district。



Since there is all the difference in the world between a leader



acquainted with his roads and one who is not; and when it comes to



actual designs upon the enemy; the difference between knowing and not



knowing the locality can hardly be exaggerated。







'8' Or; 〃with hostile and friendly territories alike。〃







'9' Lit。 〃he should associate with himself those of the rest〃; i。e。



    his colleagues or other members of the force。







So; too; with regard to spies and intelligencers。 Before war commences



your business is to provide yourself with a supply of people friendly



to both states; or maybe merchants (since states are ready to receive



the importer of goods with open arms); sham deserters may be found



occasionally useful。'10' Not; of course; that the confidence you feel



in your spies must ever cause you to neglect outpost duty; indeed your



state of preparation should at any moment be precisely what it ought



to be; supposing the approach or the imminent arrival of the enemy



were to be announced。 Let a spy be ever so faithful; there is always



the risk he may fail to report his intelligence at the critical



moment; since the obstacles which present themselves in war are not to



be counted on the fingers。







'10' Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 VI。 i。 39; where one of the Persians; Araspas;



    undertakes to play this role to good effect。







But to proceed to another topi
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