the cavalry general-第6部分

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object。＇4＇　But　if　the　ground　nowhere　admits　of　cover；　your　best　course



is　to　form　your　files＇5＇　into　ranks　one　behind　the　other；　and　wheel



them　round　so　as　to　leave　intervals　between　each　file；　the　troopers



nearest　the　enemy　in　each　file　will　keep　their　lances　erect；　and　the



rest　low　enough　not　to　show　above。







＇3＇　Cf。　Polyaen。　II。　i。　17；　of　Agesilaus　in　Macedonia；　394　B。C。　（our



　　　　author　was　probably　present）；　IV。　iv。　3；　of　Antipater　in　Thessaly；



　　　　323　B。C。







＇4＇　Lit。　〃steal　your　troopers。〃　See　〃Cyrop。〃　V。　iv。　48。







＇5＇　Lit。　〃form　your　decads　（squads　of　ten；　cf。　our　'fours'）　in　ranks



　　　　and　deploy　with　intervals。〃







To　come　to　the　next　topic：　you　may　work　on　the　enemy's　fears　by　the



various　devices　of　mock　ambuscades；　sham　relief　parties；　false



information。　Conversely；　his　confidence　will　reach　an　overweening



pitch；　if　the　idea　gets　abroad　that　his　opponents　have　troubles　of



their　own　and　little　leisure　for　offensive　operations。







But　over　and　beyond　all　that　can　be　written　on　the　subject



inventiveness　is　a　personal　matter；　beyond　all　formulasthe　true



general　must　be　able　to　take　in；　deceive；　decoy；　delude　his　adversary



at　every　turn；　as　the　particular　occasion　demands。　In　fact；　there　is



no　instrument　of　war　more　cunning　than　chicanery；＇6＇　which　is　not



surprising　when　one　reflects　that　even　little　boys；　when　playing；　〃How



many　（marbles）　have　I　got　in　my　hand？〃＇7＇　are　able　to　take　one　another



in　successfully。　Out　goes　a　clenched　fist；　but　with　such　cunning　that



he　who　holds　a　few　is　thought　to　hold　several；　or　he　may　present



several　and　appear　to　be　holding　only　a　few。　Is　it　likely　that　a　grown



man；　giving　his　whole　mind　to　methods　of　chicanery；　will　fail　of



similar　inventiveness？　Indeed；　when　one　comes　to　consider　what　is



meant　by　advantages　snatched　in　war；　one　will　find；　i　think；　that　the



greater　part　of　them；　and　those　the　more　important；　must　be　attributed



in　some　way　or　other　to　displays　of　craft；＇8＇　which　things　being　so；　a



man　had　better　either　not　attempt　to　exercise　command；　or；　as　part　and



parcel　of　his　general　equipment；　let　him　pray　to　Heaven　to　enable　him



to　exercise　this　faculty　and　be　at　pains　himself　to　cultivate　his　own



inventiveness。







＇6＇　Cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　IV。　ii。　26；　VII。　i。　18。







＇7＇　｛posinda｝；　lit。　〃How　many？〃　（i。e。　dice；　nuts；　marbles；　etc。）；　cf。



　　　　the　old　game；　〃Buck！　buck！　how　many　horns　do　I　hold　up？〃　Schneid。



　　　　cf。　Aristot。　〃Rhet。〃iii。　5。　4。







＇8＇　〃Have　been　won　in　connection　with　craft。〃　See　〃Cyrop。〃　I。　vi。　32；



　　　　〃Mem。〃　III。　i。　6；　IV。　ii。　15。







A　general；　who　has　access　to　the　sea；　may　exercise　the　faculty　as



follows：　he　may　either；　whilst　apparently　engaged　in　fitting　out　his



vessels；　strike　a　blow　on　land；＇9＇　or　with　a　make…believe　of　some



aggressive　design　by　land；　hazard　an　adventure　by　sea。＇10＇







＇9＇　A　ruse　adopted　by　Jason；　371　B。C。　Cf。　〃Hell。〃　VI。　iv。　21。







＇10＇　Cf。　the　tactics　of　the　Athenians　at　Catana；　415　B。C。　Thuc。　vi。



　　　　64。







I　consider　it　to　be　the　duty　of　the　cavalry　commander　to　point　out



clearly　to　the　state　authority　the　essential　weakness　of　a　force　of



cavalry　unaided　by　light　infantry；　as　opposed　to　cavalry　with　foot…



soldiers　attached。＇11＇　It　is　duty　also；　having　got　his　footmen；　to



turn　the　force　to　good　account。　It　is　possible　to　conceal　them



effectively；　not　only　between　the　lines；　but　in　rear　also　of　the



troopersthe　mounted　soldier　towering　high　above　his　follower　on



foot。







＇11＇　Or；　〃divorced　from　infantry。〃　In　reference　to　｛amippoi｝；　cf。



　　　　Thuc。　v。　57；　〃Hell。〃　VII。　v。　23。







With　regard　to　these　devices　and　to　any　others　which　invention　may



suggest　towards　capturing　the　foeman　by　force　or　fraud；　I　have　one



common　word　of　advice　to　add；　which　is；　to　act　with　God；　and　then



while　Heaven　propitious　smiles；　fortune　will　scarcely　dare　to



frown。＇12＇







＇12＇　Or；　〃and　then　by　the　grace　of　Heaven　you　may　win　the　smiles　of



　　　　fortune；〃　reading　with　Courier；　etc。；　｛ina　kai　e　tukhe　sunepaine｝。



　　　　Cf。　〃Cyrop。〃　III。　iii。　20。







At　times　there　is　no　more　effective　fraud　than　a　make…believe＇13＇　of



over…caution　alien　to　the　spirit　of　adventure。　This　itself　will　put



the　enemy　off　his　guard　and　ten　to　one　will　lure　him　into　some



egregious　blunder；　or　conversely；　once　get　a　reputation　for



foolhardiness　established；　and　then　with　folded　hands　sit　feigning



future　action；　and　see　what　a　world　of　trouble　you　will　thereby　cause



your　adversary。







＇13＇　S。　15　should　perhaps　stand　before　S。　13。















VI







But；　after　all；　no　man；　however　great　his　plastic　skill；　can　hope　to



mould　and　shape　a　work　of　art　to　suit　his　fancy；　unless　the　stuff　on



which　he　works　be　first　prepared　and　made　ready　to　obey　the



craftsman's　will。　Nor　certainly　where　the　raw　material　consists　of



men；　will　you　succeed；　unless；　under　God's　blessing；　these　same　men



have　been　prepared　and　made　ready　to　meet　their　officer　in　a　friendly



spirit。　They　must　come　to　look　upon　him　as　of　greater　sagacity　than



themselves　in　all　that　concerns　encounter　with　the　enemy。　This



friendly　disposition　on　the　part　of　his　subordinates；　one　must



suppose；　will　best　be　fostered　by　a　corresponding　sympathy　on　the　part



of　their　commander　towards　the　men　themselves；　and　that　not　by　simple



kindness　but　by　the　obvious　pains　he　takes　on　their　behalf；　at　one



time　to　provide　them　with　food；　and　at　another　to　secure　safety　of



retreat；　or　again　by　help　of　outposts　and　the　like；　to　ensure



protection　during　rest　and　sleep。







When　on　active　service＇1＇　the　commander　must　prove　himself



conspicuously　careful　in　the　matter　of　forage；　quarters；　water…supply；



outposts；＇2＇　and　all　other　requisites；　forecasting　the　future　and



keeping　ever　a　wakeful　eye　in　the　interest　of　those　under　him；　and　in



case　of　any　advantage　won；　the　truest　gain　which　the　head　of　affairs



can　reap　is　to　share　with　his　men　the　profits　of　success。







＇1＇　Al。　〃on　garrison　outpost　duty。〃







＇2＇　Reading　｛phulakon｝；　or　if　with　Courier　｛thulakon｝；　〃haversacks；〃



　　　　i。e。　〃la　farine；　le　contenant　pour　le　contenu。〃







Indeed；　to　put　the　matter　in　a　nutshell；　there　is　small　risk　a　general



will　be　regarded　with　contempt　by　those　he　leads；　if；　whatever　he　may



have　to　preach；　he　shows　himself　best　able　to　perform。







Beginning　with　the　simple　art　of　mounting　on　horseback；　let　him　so



train　himself　in　all　particulars　of　horsemanship　that；　to　look　at　him；



the　men　must　see　their　leader　is　a　horseman　who　can　leap　a　trench



unscathed　or　scale　a　parapet；＇3＇　or　gallop　down　a　bank；　and　hurl　a



javelin　with　the　best。　These　are　accomplishments　which　one　and　all



will　pave　the　way　to　make　contempt　impossible。　If；　further；　the　men



shall　see　in　their　commander　one　who；　with　the　knowledge　how　to　act；



has　force　of　will　and　cunning　to　make　them　get　the　better　of　the



enemy；　and　if；　further；　they　have　got　the　notion　well　into　their　heads



that　this　same　leader　may　be　trusted　not　to　lead　them　recklesssly



against　the　foe；　without　the　help　of　Heaven；　or　despite　the　auspices



I　say；　you　have　a　list　of　virtues　which　will　make　those　under　his



command　the　more　obedient　to　their　ruler。







＇3＇　Or；　〃stone　walls；〃　〃dykes。〃















VII







If　prudence　may　be　spoken　of　as　the　one　quality　distinctive　of　true



generalship；　there　are　two　respects　in　which　a　general　of　cavalry　at



Athens　should　pre…eminently　excel。　Not　only　must　he　show　a　dutiful



submission　to　the　gods；　but　he　must　possess　great　fighting　qualities；



seeing　that　he　has　on　his　borders　a　rival　cavalry　equal　to　his　own　in



number　and　backed　by　a　large　force　of　heavy　infantry。＇1＇　So　that；　if



he　undertake　to　invade　the　enemy's　territory　unsupported　by　the　other



forces　of　the　city＇2＇in　dealing　with　two　descriptions　of　forces



single…handed；　he　and　his　cavalry　must　look　for　a　desperate　adventure；



or　to　take　the　converse　case；　that　the　enemy　invades　the　soil　of



Attica；　to　begin　with；　he　will　not　invade　at　all；　unless　supported　by



other　cavalry　besides　his　own　and　an　infantry　force　sufficient　to



warrant　the　supposition　that　no　force　on　our　side　can　cope　with　him。







＇1＇　The　reference　is　doubtless　to　the　Thebans。　Unfortunately　we　do　not



　　　　know；　on　good　authority；　how　many　troops　of　either　arm　they　had　in



　　　　the　field　at　Leuctra　or　at　Mantinea。







＇2＇　Lit。　〃without　the　rest　of　the　city；〃　i。e。　the　hoplites；　etc。







Now；　to　deal　with　this　vast　hostile　array；　if　only　the　city　will



determine　to　sally　out　en　masse　to　protect　her　rural　districts；　the



prospect　is　fair。　Under　God；　our　troopers；　if　properly　cared　for；　are



the　finer　men；　our　infantry　of　the　line　are　no　less　numerous；　and　as



regards　physique；　if　it　comes　to　that；　not　one　whit　inferior；　while　in



reference　to　moral　qualities；　they　are　more　susceptible　to　the　spur　of



a　noble　ambition；　if　only　under　God's　will　they　be　correctly　trained。



Or　again；　as　touching　pride　of　ancestry；　what　have　Athenians　to　fear



as　against　Boeotians　on　that　score？＇3＇







＇3＇　See　〃Mem。〃　III。　v。　3；　where　it　is　contended　that　in　pride　of



　　　　ancestry　Athenians　can　hold　their　own　against　Boeotians。







But　suppose　the　city　of　Athens　determine　to　betake　herself　to　her



navy；　as　in　the　old　days　when　the　Lacedaemonians；　leagued　with　the



rest　of　Hellas；　brought　invasion；＇4＇　and　is　content