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a theologico-political treatise [part ii]-第20部分

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lost the precise meaning of its phraseology。







Endnote 8。 (1) 〃Not in things whereof the understanding can gain a clear and



distinct idea; and which are conceivable through themselves。〃 (2) By things



conceivable I mean not only those which are rigidly proved; but also those



whereof we are morally certain; and are wont to hear without wonder; though



they are incapable of proof。 (3) Everyone can see the truth of Euclid's



propositions before they are proved。 (4) So also the histories of things



both future and past which do not surpass human credence; laws;



institutions; manners; I call conceivable and clear; though they cannot be



proved mathematically。 (5) But hieroglyphics and histories which seem to



pass the bounds of belief I call inconceivable; yet even among these last



there are many which our method enables us to investigate; and to discover



the meaning of their narrator。











CHAPTER VIII。







Endnote 9。 (1) 〃Mount Moriah is called the mount of God。〃 (2) That is by the



historian; not by Abraham; for he says that the place now called 〃In the



mount of the Lord it shall be revealed;〃 was called by Abraham; 〃the Lord



shall provide。〃







Endnote 10。 (1) 〃Before that territory 'Idumoea' was conquered by David。〃



(2) From this time to the reign of Jehoram when they again separated from



the Jewish kingdom (2 Kings viii:20); the Idumaeans had no king; princes



appointed by the Jews supplied the place of kings (1 Kings xxii:48); in fact



the prince of Idumaea is called a king (2 Kings iii:9)。







(3) It may be doubted whether the last of the Idumaean kings had begun to



reign before the accession of Saul; or whether Scripture in this chapter of



Genesis wished to enumerate only such kings as were independent。 (4) It is



evidently mere trifling to wish to enrol among Hebrew kings the name of



Moses; who set up a dominion entirely different from a monarchy。











CHAPTER IX。







Endnote 11。 (1) 〃With few exceptions。〃 (2) One of these exceptions is found



in 2 Kings xviii:20; where we read; 〃Thou sayest (but they are but vain



words); 〃the second person being used。 (3) In Isaiah xxxvi:5; we read 〃I



say (but they are but vain words) I have counsel and strength for war;〃 and



in the twenty…second verse of the chapter in Kings it is written; 〃But if ye



say;〃 the plural number being used; whereas Isaiah gives the singular。 (4)



The text in Isaiah does not contain the words found in 2 Kings xxxii:32。 (5)



Thus there are several cases of various readings where it is impossible to



distinguish the best。







Endnote 12。 (1) 〃The expressions in the two passages are so varied。〃 (2) For



instance we read in 2 Sam。 vii:6; 〃But I have walked in a tent and in a



tabernacle。〃 (3) Whereas in 1 Chron。 xvii:5; 〃but have gone from tent to



tent and from one tabernacle to another。〃 (4) In 2 Sam。 vii:10; we read; 〃to



afflict them;〃whereas in 1 Chron。 vii:9; we find a different expression。 (5)



I could point out other differences still greater; but a single reading of



the chapters in question will suffice to make them manifest to all who are



neither blind nor devoid of sense。







Endnote 13。 (1) 〃This time cannot refer to what immediately precedes。〃 (2)



It is plain from the context that this passage must allude to the time when



Joseph was sold by his brethren。 (3) But this is not all。 (4) We may draw



the same conclusion from the age of Judah; who was than twenty…two years old



at most; taking as basis of calculation his own history just narrated。 (5)



It follows; indeed; from the last verse of Gen。 xxx。; that Judah was born in



the tenth of the years of Jacob's servitude to Laban; and Joseph in the



fourteenth。 (6) Now; as we know that Joseph was seventeen years old when



sold by his brethren; Judah was then not more than twenty…one。 (7) Hence;



those writers who assert that Judah's long absence from his father's



house took place before Joseph was sold; only seek to delude themselves and



to call in question the Scriptural authority which they are anxious to



protect。







Endnote 14。 (1) 〃Dinah was scarcely seven years old when she was violated by



Schechem。〃 (2) The opinion held by some that Jacob wandered about eight or



ten years between Mesopotamia and Bethel; savours of the ridiculous; if



respect for Aben Ezra; allows me to say so。 (3) For it is clear that Jacob



had two reasons for haste: first; the desire to see his old parents;



secondly; and chiefly to perform; the vow made when he fled from his brother



(Gen。 xxviii:10 and xxxi:13; and xxxv:1)。 (4) We read (Gen。 xxxi:3); that



God had commanded him to fulfill his vow; and promised him help for



returning to his country。 (5) If these considerations seem conjectures



rather than reasons; I will waive the point and admit that Jacob; more



unfortunate than Ulysses; spent eight or ten years or even longer; in this



short journey。 (6) At any rate it cannot be denied that Benjamin was born in



the last year of this wandering; that is by the reckoning of the objectors;



when Joseph was sixteen or seventeen years old; for Jacob left Laban seven



years after Joseph's birth。 (7) Now from the seventeenth year of Joseph's



age till the patriarch went into Egypt; not more than twenty…two years



elapsed; as we have shown in this chapter。 (8) Consequently Benjamin; at the



time of the journey to Egypt; was twenty…three or twenty… four at the most。



(9) He would therefore have been a grandfather in the flower of his age



(Gen。 xlvi:21; cf。 Numb。 xxvi:38; 40; and 1 Chron。 viii;1); for it is



certain that Bela; Benjamin's eldest son; had at that time; two sons; Addai



nd Naa…man。 (10) This is just as absurd as the statement that Dinah was



violated at the age of seven; not to mention other impossibilities



which would result from the truth of the narrative。 (11) Thus we see that



unskillful endeavours to solve difficulties; only raise fresh ones; and make



confusion worse confounded。







Endnote 15。 (1) 〃Othniel; son of Kenag; was judge for forty years。〃 (2)



Rabbi Levi Ben Gerson and others believe that these forty years which the



Bible says were passed in freedom; should be counted from the death of



Joshua; and consequently include the eight years during which the people



were subject to Kushan Rishathaim; while the following eighteen years



must be added on to the eighty years of Ehud's and Shamgar's judgeships。 (3)



In this case it would be necessary to reckon the other years of subjection



among those said by the Bible to have been passed in freedom。 (4) But the



Bible expressly notes the number of years of subjection; and the number of



years of freedom; and further declares (Judges ii:18) that the



Hebrew state was prosperous during the whole time of the judges。 (5)



Therefore it is evident that Levi Ben Gerson (certainly a very learned man);



and those who follow him; correct rather than interpret the Scriptures。







(6) The same fault is committed by those who assert; that Scripture; by this



general calculation of years; only intended to mark the period of the



regular administration of the Hebrew state; leaving out the years of anarchy



and subjection as periods of misfortune and interregnum。 (7) Scripture



certainly passes over in silence periods of anarchy; but does not; as they



dream; refuse to reckon them or wipe them out of the country's annals。 (8)



It is clear that Ezra; in 1 Kings vi。; wished to reckon absolutely all the



years since the flight from Egypt。 (9) This is so plain; that no one versed



in the Scriptures can doubt it。 (10) For; without going back to the



precise words of the text; we may see that the genealogy of David given at



the end of the book of Ruth; and I Chron。 ii。; scarcely accounts for so



great a number of years。 (11) For Nahshon; who was prince of the tribe of



Judah (Numb。 vii;11); two years after the Exodus; died in the desert; and



his son Salmon passed the Jordan with Joshua。 (12) Now this Salmon;



according to the genealogy; was David's great…grandfather。 (13) Deducting;



then; from the total of 480 years; four years for Solomon's reign; seventy



for David's life; and forty for the time passed in the desert; we find that



David was born 366 years after the passage of the Jordan。 (14) Hence we



must believe that David's father; grandfather; great…grandfather; and great…



great…grandfather begat children when they were ninety years old。







Endnote 16。 (1) 〃Samson was judge for twenty years。〃 (2) Samson was born



after the Hebrews had fallen under the dominion of the Philistines。







Endnote 17。 (1) Otherwise; they rather correct than explain Scripture。







Endnote 18。 (1) 〃Kirjath…jearim。〃 Kirjath…jearim is also called Baale of



Judah。 (2) Hence Kimchi and others think that the words Baale Judah; which I



have translated 〃the people of Judah;〃 are the name of a town。 (3) But this



is not so; for the word Baale is in the plural。 (4) Moreover; comparing this



text in Samuel with I Chron。 Xiii:5; we find that David did not rise up



and go forth out of Baale; but that he went thither。 (5) If the author of



the book of Samuel had meant to name the place whence David took the ark; he



would; if he spoke Hebrew correctly; have said; 〃David rose up; and set



forth from Baale Judah; and took the ark from thence。〃











CHAPTER X。







Endnote 19。 (1) 〃After the restoration of the Temple by Judas Maccaboeus。〃



(2) This conjecture; if such it be; is founded on the genealogy of King
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