友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!
合租小说网 返回本书目录 加入书签 我的书架 我的书签 TXT全本下载 『收藏到我的浏览器』

philebus-第14部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完,想下次继续接着阅读,可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能!




necessary ingredient in every mixture。



  Pro。 What is that?



  Soc。 Unless truth enter into the composition; nothing can truly be



created or subsist。



  Pro。 Impossible。



  Soc。 Quite impossible; and now you and Philebus must tell me whether



anything is still wanting in the mixture; for to my way of thinking



the argument is now completed; and may be compared to an incorporeal



law; which is going to hold fair rule over a living body。



  Pro。 I agree with you; Socrates。



  Soc。 And may we not say with reason that we are now at the vestibule



of the habitation of the good?



  Pro。 I think that we are。



  Soc。 What; then; is there in the mixture which is most precious; and



which is the principal cause why such a state is universally beloved



by all? When we have discovered it; we will proceed to ask whether



this omnipresent nature is more akin to pleasure or to mind。



  Pro。 Quite right; in that way we shall be better able to judge。



  Soc。 And there is no difficulty in seeing the cause which renders



any mixture either of the highest value or of none at all。



  Pro。 What do you mean?



  Soc。 Every man knows it。



  Pro。 What?



  Soc。 He knows that any want of measure and symmetry in any mixture



whatever must always of necessity be fatal; both to the elements and



to the mixture; which is then not a mixture; but only a confused



medley which brings confusion on the possessor of it。



  Pro。 Most true。



  Soc。 And now the power of the good has retired into the region of



the beautiful; for measure and symmetry are beauty and virtue all



the world over。



  Pro。 True。



  Soc。 Also we said that truth was to form an element in the mixture。



  Pro。 Certainly。



  Soc。 Then; if we are not able to hunt the good with one idea only;



with three we may catch our prey; Beauty; Symmetry; Truth are the



three; and these taken together we may regard as the single cause of



the mixture; and the mixture as being good by reason of the infusion



of them。



  Pro。 Quite right。



  Soc。 And now; Protarchus; any man could decide well enough whether



pleasure or wisdom is more akin to the highest good; and more



honourable among gods and men。



  Pro。 Clearly; and yet perhaps the argument had better be pursued



to the end。



  Soc。 We must take each of them separately in their relation to



pleasure and mind; and pronounce upon them; for we ought to see to



which of the two they are severally most akin。



  Pro。 You are speaking of beauty; truth; and measure?



  Soc。 Yes; Protarchus; take truth first; and; after passing in review



mind; truth; pleasure; pause awhile and make answer to yourself…as



to whether pleasure or mind is more akin to truth。



  Pro。 There is no need to pause; for the difference between them is



palpable; pleasure is the veriest impostor in the world; and it is



said that in the pleasures of love; which appear to be the greatest;



perjury is excused by the gods; for pleasures; like children; have not



the least particle of reason in them; whereas mind is either the



same as truth; or the most like truth; and the truest。



  Soc。 Shall we next consider measure; in like manner; and ask whether



pleasure has more of this than wisdom; or wisdom than pleasure?



  Pro。 Here is another question which may be easily answered; for I



imagine that nothing can ever be more immoderate than the transports



of pleasure; or more in conformity with measure than mind and



knowledge。



  Soc。 Very good; but there still remains the third test: Has mind a



greater share of beauty than pleasure; and is mind or pleasure the



fairer of the two?



  Pro。 No one; Socrates; either awake or dreaming; ever saw or



imagined mind or wisdom to be in aught unseemly; at any time; past;



present; or future。



  Soc。 Right。



  Pro。 But when we see some one indulging in pleasures; perhaps in the



greatest of pleasures; the ridiculous or disgraceful nature of the



action makes us ashamed; and so we put them out of sight; and



consign them to darkness; under the idea that they ought not to meet



the eye of day。



  Soc。 Then; Protarchus; you will proclaim everywhere; by word of



mouth to this company; and by messengers bearing the tidings far and



wide; that pleasure is not the first of possessions; nor yet the



second; but that in measure; and the mean; and the suitable; and the



like; the eternal nature has been found。



  Pro。 Yes; that seems to be the result of what has been now said。



  Soc。 In the second class is contained the symmetrical and



beautiful and perfect or sufficient; and all which are of that family。



  Pro。 True。



  Soc。 And if you reckon in the third dass mind and wisdom; you will



not be far wrong; if I divine aright。



  Pro。 I dare say。



  Soc。 And would you not put in the fourth class the goods which we



were affirming to appertain specially to the soul…sciences and arts



and true opinions as we called them? These come after the third class;



and form the fourth; as they are certainly more akin to good than



pleasure is。



  Pro。 Surely。



  Soc。 The fifth class are the pleasures which were defined by us as



painless; being the pure pleasures of the soul herself; as we termed



them; which accompany; some the sciences; and some the senses。



  Pro。 Perhaps。



  Soc。 And now; as Orpheus says;







      With the sixth generation cease the glory of my song。







Here; at the sixth award; let us make an end; all that remains is to



set the crown on our discourse。



  Pro。 True。



  Soc。 Then let us sum up and reassert what has been said; thus



offering the third libation to the saviour Zeus。



  Pro。 How?



  Soc。 Philebus affirmed that pleasure was always and absolutely the



good。



  Pro。 I understand; this third libation; Socrates; of which you



spoke; meant a recapitulation。



  Soc。 Yes; but listen to the sequel; convinced of what I have just



been saying; and feeling indignant at the doctrine; which is



maintained; not by Philebus only; but by thousands of others; I



affirmed that mind was far better and far more excellent; as an



element of human life; than pleasure。



  Pro。 True。



  Soc。 But; suspecting that there were other things which were also



better; I went on to say that if there was anything better than



either; then I would claim the second place for mind over pleasure;



and pleasure would lose the second place as well as the first。



  Pro。 You did。



  Soc。 Nothing could be more satisfactorily shown than the



unsatisfactory nature of both of them。



  Pro。 Very true。



  Soc。 The claims both of pleasure and mind to be the absolute good



have been entirely disproven in this argument; because they are both



wanting in self…sufficiency and also in adequacy and perfection。



  Pro。 Most true。



  Soc。 But; though they must both resign in favour of another; mind is



ten thousand times nearer and more akin to the nature of the conqueror



than pleasure。



  Pro。 Certainly。



  Soc。 And; according to the judgment which has now been given;



pleasure will rank fifth。



  Pro。 True。



  Soc。 But not first; no; not even if all the oxen and horses and



animals in the world by their pursuit of enjoyment proclaim her to



be so;…although the many trusting in them; as diviners trust in birds;



determine that pleasures make up the good of life; and deem the



lusts of animals to be better witnesses than the inspirations of



divine philosophy。



  Pro。 And now; Socrates; we tell you that the truth of what you



have been saying is approved by the judgment of all of us。



  Soc。 And will you let me go?



  Pro。 There is a little which yet remains; and I will remind you of



it; for I am sure that you will not be the first to go away from an



argument。







                          …THE END…





返回目录 上一页 回到顶部 0 0
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!