tour through the eastern counties of england-第3部分

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At　this　place　may　be　said　to　end　what　we　call　the　Hundreds　of　Essex

…　that　is　to　say；　the　three　Hundreds　or　divisions　which　include　the

marshy　country；　viz。；　Barnstable　Hundred；　Rochford　Hundred；　and

Dengy　Hundred。



I　have　one　remark　more　before　I　leave　this　damp　part　of　the　world；

and　which　I　cannot　omit　on　the　women's　account；　namely；　that　I　took

notice　of　a　strange　decay　of　the　sex　here；　insomuch　that　all　along

this　country　it　was　very　frequent　to　meet　with　men　that　had　had

from　five　or　six　to　fourteen　or　fifteen　wives；　nay；　and　some　more。

And　I　was　informed　that　in　the　marshes　on　the　other　side　of　the

river　over　against　Candy　Island　there　was　a　farmer　who　was　then

living　with　the　five…and…twentieth　wife；　and　that　his　son；　who　was

but　about　thirty…five　years　old；　had　already　had　about　fourteen。

Indeed；　this　part　of　the　story　I　only　had　by　report；　though　from

good　hands　too；　but　the　other　is　well　known　and　easy　to　be　inquired

into　about　Fobbing；　Curringham；　Thundersly；　Benfleet；　Prittlewell；

Wakering；　Great　Stambridge；　Cricksea；　Burnham；　Dengy；　and　other

towns　of　the　like　situation。　　The　reason；　as　a　merry　fellow　told

me；　who　said　he　had　had　about　a　dozen　and　a　half　of　wives　（though　I

found　afterwards　he　fibbed　a　little）　was　this：　That　they　being　bred

in　the　marshes　themselves　and　seasoned　to　the　place；　did　pretty

well　with　it；　but　that　they　always　went　up　into　the　hilly　country；

or；　to　speak　their　own　language；　into　the　uplands　for　a　wife。　　That

when　they　took　the　young　lasses　out　of　the　wholesome　and　fresh　air

they　were　healthy；　fresh；　and　clear；　and　well；　but　when　they　came

out　of　their　native　air　into　the　marshes　among　the　fogs　and　damps；

there　they　presently　changed　their　complexion；　got　an　ague　or　two；

and　seldom　held　it　above　half　a　year；　or　a　year　at　most；　〃And

then；〃　said　he；　〃we　go　to　the　uplands　again　and　fetch　another；〃　so

that　marrying　of　wives　was　reckoned　a　kind　of　good　farm　to　them。

It　is　true　the　fellow　told　this　in　a　kind　of　drollery　and　mirth；

but　the　fact；　for　all　that；　is　certainly　true；　and　that　they　have

abundance　of　wives　by　that　very　means。　　Nor　is　it　less　true　that

the　inhabitants　in　these　places　do　not　hold　it　out；　as　in　other

countries；　and　as　first　you　seldom　meet　with　very　ancient　people

among　the　poor；　as　in　other　places　we　do；　so；　take　it　one　with

another；　not　one…half　of　the　inhabitants　are　natives　of　the　place；

but　such　as　from　other　countries　or　in　other　parts　of　this　country

settle　here　for　the　advantage　of　good　farms；　for　which　I　appeal　to

any　impartial　inquiry；　having　myself　examined　into　it　critically　in

several　places。



From　the　marshes　and　low　grounds　being　not　able　to　travel　without

many　windings　and　indentures　by　reason　of　the　creeks　and　waters；　I

came　up　to　the　town　of　Malden；　a　noted　market　town　situate　at　the

conflux　or　joining　of　two　principal　rivers　in　this　county；　the

Chelm　or　Chelmer；　and　the　Blackwater；　and　where　they　enter　into　the

sea。　　The　channel；　as　I　have　noted；　is　called　by　the　sailors　Malden

Water；　and　is　navigable　up　to　the　town；　where　by　that　means　is　a

great　trade　for　carrying　corn　by　water　to　London；　the　county　of

Essex　being　（especially　on　all　that　side）　a　great　corn　county。



When　I　have　said　this　I　think　I　have　done　Malden　justice；　and　said

all　of　it　that　there　is　to　be　said；　unless　I　should　run　into　the

old　story　of　its　antiquity；　and　tell　you　it　was　a　Roman　colony　in

the　time　of　Vespasian；　and　that　it　was　called　Camolodunum。　　How　the

Britons；　under　Queen　Boadicea；　in　revenge　for　the　Romans'　ill…usage

of　her　…　for　indeed　they　used　her　majesty　ill　…　they　stripped　her

naked　and　whipped　her　publicly　through　their　streets　for　some

affront　she　had　given　them。　　I　say　how　for　this　she　raised　the

Britons　round　the　country；　overpowered；　and　cut　in　pieces　the　Tenth

Legion；　killed　above　eighty　thousand　Romans；　and　destroyed　the

colony；　but　was　afterwards　overthrown　in　a　great　battle；　and　sixty

thousand　Britons　slain。　　I　say；　unless　I　should　enter　into　this

story；　I　have　nothing　more　to　say　of　Malden；　and；　as　for　that

story；　it　is　so　fully　related　by　Mr。　Camden　in　his　history　of　the

Romans　in　Britain　at　the　beginning　of　his　〃Britannia；〃　that　I　need

only　refer　the　reader　to　it；　and　go　on　with　my　journey。



Being　obliged　to　come　thus　far　into　the　uplands；　as　above；　I　made

it　my　road　to　pass　through　Witham；　a　pleasant；　well…situated　market

town；　in　which；　and　in　its　neighbourhood；　there　are　as　many

gentlemen　of　good　fortunes　and　families　as　I　believe　can　be　met

with　in　so　narrow　a　compass　in　any　of　the　three　counties　of　which　I

make　this　circuit。



In　the　town　of　Witham　dwells　the　Lord　Pasely；　oldest　son　of　the

Earl　of　Abercorn　of　Ireland　（a　branch　of　the　noble　family　of

Hamilton；　in　Scotland）。　　His　lordship　has　a　small；　but　a　neat；

well…built　new　house；　and　is　finishing　his　gardens　in　such　a　manner

as　few　in　that　part　of　England　will　exceed　them。



Nearer　Chelmsford；　hard　by　Boreham；　lives　the　Lord　Viscount

Barrington；　who；　though　not　born　to　the　title；　or　estate；　or　name

which　he　now　possesses；　had　the　honour　to　be　twice　made　heir　to　the

estates　of　gentlemen　not　at　all　related　to　him；　at　least；　one　of

them；　as　is　very　much　to　his　honour；　mentioned　in　his　patent　of

creation。　　His　name　was　Shute；　his　father　a　linendraper　in　London；

and　served　sheriff　of　the　said　city　in　very　troublesome　times。　　He

changed　the　name　of　Shute　for　that　of　Barrington　by　an　Act　of

Parliament　obtained　for　that　purpose；　and　had　the　dignity　of　a

baron　of　the　kingdom　conferred　on　him　by　the　favour　of　King　George。

His　lordship　is　a　Dissenter；　and　seems　to　love　retirement。　　He　was

a　member　of　Parliament　for　the　town　of　Berwick…upon…Tweed。



On　the　other　side　of　Witham；　at　Fauburn；　an　ancient　mansion　house；

built　by　the　Romans；　lives　Mr。　Bullock；　whose　father　married　the

daughter　of　that　eminent　citizen；　Sir　Josiah　Child；　of　Wanstead；　by

whom　she　had　three　sons；　the　eldest　enjoys　the　estate；　which　is

considerable。



It　is　observable；　that　in　this　part　of　the　country　there　are

several　very　considerable　estates；　purchased　and　now　enjoyed　by

citizens　of　London；　merchants；　and　tradesmen；　as　Mr。　Western；　an

iron　merchant；　near　Kelendon；　Mr。　Cresnor；　a　wholesale　grocer；　who

was；　a　little　before　he　died；　named　for　sheriff　at　Earl's　Coln；　Mr。

Olemus；　a　merchant　at　Braintree；　Mr。　Westcomb；　near　Malden；　Sir

Thomas　Webster　at　Copthall；　near　Waltham；　and　several　others。



I　mention　this　to　observe　how　the　present　increase　of　wealth　in　the

City　of　London　spreads　itself　into　the　country；　and　plants　families

and　fortunes；　who　in　another　age　will　equal　the　families　of　the

ancient　gentry；　who　perhaps　were　brought　out。　　I　shall　take　notice

of　this　in　a　general　head；　and　when　I　have　run　through　all　the

counties；　collect　a　list　of　the　families　of　citizens　and　tradesmen

thus　established　in　the　several　counties；　especially　round　London。



The　product　of　all　this　part　of　the　country　is　corn；　as　that　of　the

marshy　feeding　grounds　mentioned　above　is　grass；　where　their　chief

business　is　breeding　of　calves；　which　I　need　not　say　are　the　best

and　fattest；　and　the　largest　veal　in　England；　if　not　in　the　world；

and；　as　an　instance；　I　ate　part　of　a　veal　or　calf；　fed　by　the　late

Sir　Josiah　Child　at　Wanstead；　the　loin　of　which　weighed　above

thirty　pounds；　and　the　flesh　exceeding　white　and　fat。



From　hence　I　went　on　to　Colchester。　　The　story　of　Kill…Dane；　which

is　told　of　the　town　of　Kelvedon；　three　miles　from　Witham；　namely；

that　this　is　the　place　where　the　massacre　of　the　Danes　was　begun　by

the　women；　and　that　therefore　it　was　called　Kill…Dane；　I　say　of　it；

as　we　generally　say　of　improbable　news；　it　wants　confirmation。　　The

true　name　of　the　town　is　Kelvedon；　and　has　been　so　for　many　hundred

years。　　Neither　does　Mr。　Camden；　or　any　other　writer　I　meet　with

worth　naming；　insist　on　this　piece　of　empty　tradition。　　The　town　is

commonly　called　Keldon。



Colchester　is　an　ancient　corporation。　　The　town　is　large；　very

populous；　the　streets　fair　and　beautiful；　and　though　it　may　not

said　to　be　finely　built；　yet　there　are　abundance　of　very　good　and

well…built　houses　in　it。　　It　still　mourns　in　the　ruins　of　a　civil

war；　during　which；　or　rather　after　the　heat　of　the　war　was　over；　it

suffered　a　severe　siege；　which；　the　garrison　making　a　resolute

defence；　was　turned　into　a　blockade；　in　which　the　garrison　and

inhabitants　also　suffered　the　utmost　extremity　of　hunger；　and　were

at　last　obliged　to　surrender　at　discretion；　when　their　two　chief

officers；　Sir　Charles　Lucas　and　Sir　George　Lisle；　were　shot　to

death　under　the　castle　wall。　　The　inhabitants　had　a　tradition　that

no　grass　would　grow　upon　the　spot　where　the　blood　of　those　two

gallant　gentlemen　was　spilt；　and　they　showed　the　place　bare　of

grass　for　many　years；　but　whether　for　this　reason　I　will　not

affirm。　　The　story　is　now　dropped；　and　the　grass；　I　suppose；　grows

there；　as　in　other　places。



However；　the　battered　walls；　the　breaches　in　the　turrets；　and　the

ruined　churches；　still　remain；　except　that　the　church　of　St。　Mary

（where　they　had　the　royal　fort）　is　rebuilt；　but　the　steeple；　which

was　two…thirds　battered　down；　because　the　besieged　had　a　large

culverin　upon　it　that　did　much　execution；　remains　still　in　that

condition。



There　is　another　church　which　bears　the　marks　of　those　times；

namely；　on　the　south　side　of　the　town；　in　the　way　to　the　Hythe；　of

which　more　hereafter。



The　lines　of　contravallation；　with　the　forts　built　by　the

besiegers；　and　which　surrounded　the　whole　town；　remain　very　visible

in　many　places；　but　the　chief　of　them　are　demolished。



The　River　Colne；　which　passes　through　this　town；　compasses　it　on

the　north　and　east　sides；　and　served　in　those　times　for　a　complete

defence　on　those　sides。　　They　have　three　bridges　over　it；　one

called　North　Bridge；　at　the　north　gate；　by　which　the　road　leads

into　Suffolk；　one