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song and legend from the middle ages-第6部分

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And if the theft  Thine ire awake; A hundred fold  I'd give it back; Thou beauteous maid;  Of form so fair! Pearl of the world;  Beloved and dear!

Tr。 by Taylor。


LATER FRENCH LYRICS。

During the latter half of the thirteenth century several new and highly artificial forms of verse were developed。 The chief of these were the Ballade and Chant Royal; the Rondel; Roudeau; Triolet; Virelay。 These are all alike in being short poems; generally treating of love; and making special use of a refrain and the repetition of words and lines。 They differ in the number of verses in a stanza; of stanzas In the poem; and the order and number of rhymes。 Their poetic value is not great because the poet so easily lost sight of his subject in perfecting his verse form。

A TRIOLET。

Take time while yet it is in view;  For fortune is a fickle fair: Days fade; and others spring anew; Then take the moment still in view。 What boots to toil and cares pursue?  Each month a new moon bangs in air。 Take; then; the moment still in view;  For fortune is a fickle fair。

Froissart。 Tr。 Anonymous。


RONDEL。

Now Time throws off his cloak again Of ermined frost; and cold and rain; And clothes him in the embroidery Of glittering son and clear blue sky。 With beast and bird the forest rings; Each in his jargon cries or sings; And Time throws off his cloak again Of ermined frost; and cold and rain。

River; and fount; and tinkling brook  Wear in their dainty livery  Drops of silver jewelry; In new…made suit they merry look; And Time throws off his cloak again Of ermined frost; and cold and rain。

Charles d'Orleans。 Tr。 by Longfellow。


THE BALLADE OF DEAD LADIES。

Tell me now in what hidden way is  Lady Flora the lovely Roman? Where's Hipparchia; and where is Thais;  Neither of them the fairer woman?  Where is Echo; beheld of no man; Only heard on river and mere;  She whose beauty was more than human? 。。。。 But where are the snows of yester…year?

Where's Heloise; the learned nun;  For whose sake Abeillard; I ween; Lost manhood and put priesthood on?  (From love he won such dule and teen!)  And where; I pray you; is the Queen Who willed that Buridan should steer  Sewed in a sack's mouth down the Seine? 。。。。 But where are the snows of yester…year?

White Queen Blanche; like a queen of lilies;  With a voice like any mermaiden; Bertha Broadfoot; Beatrice; Alice;  And Ermengarde the lady of Maine;  And that good Joan whom Englishmen At Rouen doomed and burned her there;  Mother of God; where are they then? 。。。。 But where are the snows of yester…year?

Nay; never ask this week; fair lord;  Where they are gone; nor yet this year; Save with thus much for an overword;  But where are the snows of yester…year?

Villon。 Tr。 by D。 G。 Rossetti。


LYRIC POETRYPROVENCAL。

Modern scholars separate the treatment of Provencal literature from that of French。 It was written in a different dialect; was subject to somewhat different laws of development; and after a short period of activity died almost completely away。

Provencal literature is that produced in ancient Provence or Southern France。 Its period of life extended from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries; its middle and only important period being that of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries。 This literature contains examples of all the varieties of French literature of the Middle Ages; but the only work that is original and important is its lyric poetry。 This was composed by the troubadours (corresponding to the French trouveres) and sung by jongleurs or minstrels。 The names of 460 Provencal poets and 251 anonymous pieces have come down to us。 The one great theme of troubadour…singingone; too; upon which he was original and a masterwas that of passionate love。 With this as subject; these poets united an eagerness for form; and were the first to perfect verse in any modern language。


PIERRE ROGIERS。 Twelfth Century。

Who has not looked upon her brow   Has never dreamed of perfect bliss; But once to see her is to know   What beauty; what perfection; is。

Her charms are of the growth of heaven;   She decks the night with hues of day: Blest are the eyes to which 't is given   On her to gaze the soul away!

Tr。 by Costello。


GUILLEM DE CABESTANH。 Twelfth Century。

No; never since the fatal time When the world fell for woman's crime;   Has Heaven in tender mercy sent All preordaining; all foreseeing   A breath of purity that lent Existence to so fair a being! Whatever earth can boast of rare; Of precious; and of good; Gaze on her form; 't is mingled there; With added grace endued。

Why; why is she so much above   All others whom I might behold; Whom I; unblamed; might dare to love;   To whom my sorrows might be told? O; when I see her; passing fair; I feel how vain is all my care: I feel she all transcends my praise; I feel she must contemn my lays: I feel; alas! no claim have I To gain that bright divinity! Were she less lovely; less divine; Less passion and despair were mine。

Tr。 by Costello。


THE MONK OF MONTAUDON。 Thirteenth Century。

I love the court by wit and worth adorned; A man whose errors are abjured and mourned; My gentle mistress by a streamlet clear; Pleasure; a handsome present; and good cheer。

I love fat salmon; richly dressed; at noon; I love a faithful friend both late and soon。

I hate small gifts; a man that's poor and proud; The young who talk incessantly and loud; I hate in low…bred company to be; I hate a knight that has not courtesy。 I hate a lord with arms to war unknown; I hate a priest or monk with beard o'ergrown; A doting husband; or a tradesman's son; Who apes a noble; and would pass for one。 I hate much water and too little wine; A prosperous villain and a false divine; A niggard lout who sets the dice aside; A flirting girl all frippery and pride; A cloth too narrow; and a board too wide; Him who exalts his handmaid to his wife; And her who makes her groom her lord for life; The man who kills his horse with wanton speed; And him who fails his friend in time of need。

Tr。 by Costello。


PIERRE VIDAL。 End Twelfth Century。

Of all sweet birds; I love the most The lark and nightingale: For they the first of all awake; The opening spring with songs to hail。

And I; like them; when silently Each Troubadour sleeps on; Will wake me up; and sing of love And thee; Vierna; fairest one! 。 。 。 。 The rose on thee its bloom bestowed; The lily gave its white; And nature; when it planned thy form A model framed of fair and bright。

For nothing; sure; that could be given; To thee hath been denied; That there each thought of love and joy In bright perfection might reside。

Tr。 by Taylor。


GUIRAUT DE BORNEILH。 End Thirteenth Century。

Companion dear! or sleeping or awaking; Sleep not again! for; lo! the morn is nigh; And in the east that early star is breaking; The day's forerunner; known unto mine eye。 The morn; the morn is near。

Companion dear! with carols sweet I'll call thee; Sleep not again! I hear the birds' blithe song Loud in the woodlands; evil may befall thee; And jealous eyes awaken; tarrying long; Now that the morn is near。

Companion dear! forth from the window looking; Attentive mark the signs of yonder heaven; Judge if aright I read what they betoken: Thine all the loss; if vain the warning given。 The morn; the morn is near。

Companion dear! since thou from hence wert straying; Nor sleep nor rest these eyes have visited; My prayers unceasing to the Virgin paying; That thou in peace thy backward way might tread。 The morn; the morn; is near。

Companion dear! hence to the fields with me! Me thou forbad'st to slumber through the night; And I have watched that livelong night for thee; But thou in song or me hast no delight; And now the morn is near。

ANSWER。

Companion dear! so happily sojourning; So blest am I; I care not forth to speed: Here brightest beauty reigns; her smiles adorning Her dwelling…place;then wherefore should I heed The morn or jealous eyes?

Tr。 by Taylor。


FABLES AND TALES。

FABLES。

A large and popular class of writing of the French Middle Ages was that of FABLIAUX or Fables。 A Fable is 〃a recital; for the most part comic; of a real or possible event occurring in the ordinary affairs of human life。〃'1' We possess some two hundred of these fables; varying in length from twenty to five hundred lines。 They are generally mocking; jocular; freespoken; half satirical stories of familiar people; and incidents in ordinary life。 The follies of the clergy are especially exposed; though the peasants; knights; and even kings furnish frequent subjects。 They are commonly very free and often licentious in language。 The following is an example of the simpler kind of Fables。

'1' Quoted by Saintsbury from M。 de Montaiglon; editor of the latest collection of Fabliaux (Parts l872…'88)。


THE PRIEST WHO ATE MULBERRIES。

Ye lordlings all; come lend an ear; It boots ye naught to chafe or fleer; As overgrown with pride: Ye needs must hear Dan Guerin tell What once a certain priest befell; To market bent to ride。

The morn began to shine so bright; When up this priest did leap full light And called his folk around: He bade them straight bring out his mare; For he would presently repair Unto the market…ground。

So bent he was on timely speed; So pressing seemed his worldly need; He weened 't were little wrong If pater…nosters he delayed; And cast for once they should be said E'en as he rode along。

And now with tower and turret near Behold the city's walls appear; When; as he turned aside; He chanced in evil hour to see All hard at hand a mulberry…tree That spread both far and wide。

Its berries shone so glossy black; The priest his lips began to smack; Full fain to pluck the fruit; But; woe the while! the trunk was tall; And many a brier and thorn did crawl Around that mulberry's root。

The man; howbe; might not forbear; But reckless all he pricked his mare In thickest of the brake; Then climbed his saddle…bow amain; And tiptoe 'gan to stretch and strain Some nether bough to take。 A nether bough he raught at last; He with his right hand held it fast; And with his left him fed: His sturdy mare abode the shock; And bore; as steadfast as a rock; The struggling overhead。

So feasted long the mer
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