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the　body。　But　this　I　have　in　another　place　discussed　more　at　large。
　　Brutus　growing　very　faint；　and　there　being　none　in　the　whole　army
that　had　anything　for　him　to　eat；　his　servants　were　forced　to　have
recourse　to　the　enemy；　and；　going　as　far　as　to　the　gates　of　the
city；　begged　bread　of　the　sentinels　that　were　upon　duty。　As　soon　as
they　heard　of　the　condition　of　Brutus；　they　came　themselves；　and
brought　both　meat　and　drink　along　with　them；　in　return　for　which
Brutus；　when　he　took　the　city；　showed　the　greatest　kindness；　not　to
them　only；　but　to　all　the　inhabitants；　for　their　sakes。　Caius
Antonius；　in　the　meantime；　coming　to　Apollonia；　summoned　all　the
soldiers　that　were　near　that　city　to　join　him　there；　but　finding
that　they　nevertheless　went　all　to　Brutus；　and　suspecting　that　even
those　of　Apollonia　were　inclined　to　the　same　party；　he　quitted　that
city；　and　came　to　Buthrotum；　having　first　lost　three　cohorts　of　his
men；　that　in　their　march　thither　were　cut　to　pieces　by　Brutus。　After
this；　attempting　to　make　himself　master　of　some　strong　places　about
Byllis　which　the　enemy　had　first　seized；　he　was　overcome　in　a　set
battle　by　young　Cicero；　to　whom　Brutus　gave　the　command；　and　whose
conduct　he　made　use　of　often　and　with　much　success。　Caius　himself
was　surprised　in　a　marshy　place；　at　a　distance　from　his　support；　and
Brutus　having　him　in　his　power　would　not　suffer　his　soldiers　to
attack；　but　maneuvering　about　the　enemy　with　his　horse；　gave　command
that　none　of　them　should　be　killed；　for　that　in　a　little　time　they
would　all　be　of　his　side；　which　accordingly　came　to　pass；　for　they
surrendered　both　themselves　and　their　general。　So　that　Brutus　had　by
this　time　a　very　great　and　considerable　army。　He　showed　all　marks　of
honour　and　esteem　to　Caius　for　a　long　time；　and　left　him　the　use　of
the　ensigns　of　his　office；　though；　as　some　report；　he　had　several
letters　from　Rome；　and　particularly　from　Cicero；　advising　him　to　put
him　to　death。　But　at　last；　perceiving　that　he　began　to　corrupt　his
officers；　and　was　trying　to　raise　a　mutiny　amongst　the　soldiers；　he
put　him　aboard　a　ship　and　kept　him　close　prisoner。　In　the　meantime；
the　soldiers　that　had　been　corrupted　by　Caius　retired　to　Apollonia；
and　sent　word　to　Brutus；　desiring　him　to　come　to　them　thither。　He
answered　that　this　was　not　the　custom　of　the　Romans；　but　that　it
became　those　who　had　offended　to　come　themselves　to　their　general
and　beg　forgiveness　of　their　offences；　which　they　did；　and　accordingly
received　their　pardon。
　　As　he　was　preparing　to　pass　into　Asia；　tidings　reached　him　of　the
alteration　that　had　happened　at　Rome；　where　the　young　Caesar；　assisted
by　the　senate；　in　opposition　to　Antony；　and　having　driven　his
competitor　out　of　Italy；　had　begun　himself　to　be　very　formidable；
suing　for　the　consulship　contrary　to　law；　and　maintaining　large　bodies
of　troops　of　which　the　commonwealth　had　no　manner　of　need。　And　then；
perceiving　that　the　senate；　dissatisfied　with　the　proceedings；　began
to　cast　their　eyes　abroad　upon　Brutus；　and　decreed　and　confirmed　the
government　of　several　provinces　to　him；　he　had　taken　the　alarm。
Therefore　despatching　messengers　to　Antony；　he　desired　that　there
might　be　a　reconciliation；　and　a　friendship　between　them。　Then；
drawing　all　his　forces　about　the　city；　he　made　himself　to　be　chosen
consul；　though　he　was　but　a　boy；　being　scarce　twenty　years　old；　as
he　himself　writes　in　his　memoirs。　At　the　first　entry　upon　the
consulship　he　immediately　ordered　a　judicial　process　to　be　issued
out　against　Brutus　and　his　accomplices　for　having　murdered　a　principal
man　of　the　city；　holding　the　highest　magistracies　of　Rome；　without
being　heard　or　condemned；　and　appointed　Lucius　Cornificus　to　accuse
Brutus；　and　Marcus　Agrippa　to　accuse　Cassius。　None　appearing　to　the
accusation；　the　judges　were　forced　to　pass　sentence　and　condemn　them
both。　It　is　reported　that　when　the　crier　from　the　tribunal；　as　the
custom　was；　with　a　loud　voice　cried　Brutus　to　appear；　the　people
groaned　audibly；　and　the　noble　citizens　hung　down　their　heads　for
grief。　Publicus　Silicius　was　seen　to　burst　out　into　tears；　which　was
the　cause　that　not　long　after　he　was　put　down　in　the　list　of　those
that　were　proscribed。　After　this；　the　three　men；　Caesar；　Antony；　and
Lepidus；　being　perfectly　reconciled；　shared　the　provinces　among
themselves；　and　made　up　the　catalogue　of　proscription；　wherein　were
set　those　that　were　designed　for　slaughter；　amounting　to　two　hundred
men；　in　which　number　Cicero　was　slain。
　　The　news　being　brought　to　Brutus　in　Macedonia；　he　was　under　a
compulsion；　and　sent　orders　to　Hortensius　that　he　should　kill　Caius
Antonius　in　revenge　of　the　death　of　Cicero　his　friend；　and　Brutus
his　kinsman；　who　also　was　proscribed　and　slain。　Upon　this　account　it
was　that　Antony；　having　afterwards　taken　Hortensius　in　the　battle　of
Philippi；　slew　him　upon　his　brother's　tomb。　But　Brutus　expresses
himself　as　more　ashamed　for　the　cause　of　Cicero's　death　than　grieved
for　the　misfortune　of　it；　and　says　he　cannot　help　accusing　his　friends
at　Rome；　that　they　were　slaves　more　through　their　own　doing　than
that　of　those　who　now　were　their　tyrants；　they　could　be　present　and
see　and　yet　suffer　those　things　which　even　to　hear　related　ought　to
them　to　have　been　insufferable。
　　Having　made　his　army；　that　was　already　very　considerable；　pass
into　Asia；　he　ordered　a　fleet　to　be　prepared　in　Bithynia　and　about
Cyzicus。　But　going　himself　through　the　country　by　land；　he　made　it　his
business　to　settle　and　confirm　all　the　cities；　and　gave　audience　to
the　princes　of　the　parts　through　which　he　passed。　And　he　sent　orders
into　Syria　to　Cassius　to　come　to　him；　and　leave　his　intended　journey
into　Egypt；　letting　him　understand　that　it　was　not　to　gain　an　empire
for　themselves；　but　to　free　their　country；　that　they　went　thus
wandering　about　and　had　got　an　army　together　whose　business　it　was
to　destroy　the　tyrants；　that　therefore；　if　they　remembered　and
resolved　to　persevere　in　their　first　purpose；　they　ought　not　to　be　too
far　from　Italy；　but　make　what　haste　they　could　thither；　and
endeavour　to　relieve　their　fellow…citizens　from　oppression。
　　Cassius　obeyed　his　summons；　and　returned；　and　Brutus　went　to　meet
him；　and　at　Smyrna　they　met；　which　was　the　first　time　they　had　seen
one　another　since　they　parted　at　the　Piraeus　in　Athens；　one　for　Syria；
and　the　other　for　Macedonia。　They　were　both　extremely　joyful　and　had
great　confidence　of　their　success　at　the　sight　of　the　forces　that　each
of　them　had　got　together；　since　they　who　had　fled　from　Italy；　like　the
most　despicable　exiles；　without　money；　without　arms；　without　a　ship　or
a　soldier　or　a　city　to　rely　on；　in　a　little　time　after　had　met
together　so　well　furnished　with　shipping　and　money；　and　an　army　both
of　horse　and　foot；　that　they　were　in　a　condition　to　contend　for　the
empire　of　Rome。
　　Cassius　was　desirous　to　show　no　less　respect　and　honour　to　Brutus
than　Brutus　did　to　him；　but　Brutus　was　still　beforehand　with　him；
coming　for　the　most　part　to　him；　both　because　he　was　the　elder　man；
and　of　a　weaker　constitution　than　himself。　Men　generally　reckoned
Cassius　a　very　expert　soldier；　but　of　a　harsh　and　angry　nature；　and
one　that　desired　to　command　rather　by　fear　than　love；　though；　on　the
other　side；　among　his　familiar　acquaintance　he　would　easily　give　way
to　jesting　and　play　the　buffoon。　But　Brutus；　for　his　virtue；　was
esteemed　by　the　people；　beloved　by　his　friends；　admired　by　the　best
men；　and　hated　not　by　his　enemies　themselves。　For　he　was　a　man　of　a
singularly　gentle　nature；　of　a　great　spirit；　insensible　of　the
passions　of　anger　or　pleasure　or　covetousness；　steady　and　inflexible
to　maintain　his　purpose　for　what　he　thought　right　and　honest。　And　that
which　gained　him　the　greatest　affection　and　reputation　was　the
entire　faith　in　his　intentions。　For　it　had　not　ever　been　supposed　that
Pompey　the　Great　himself；　if　he　had　overcome　Caesar；　would　have
submitted　his　power　to　the　laws；　instead　of　taking　the　management　of
the　state　upon　himself；　soothing　the　people　with　the　specious　name
of　consul　or　dictator；　or　some　other　milder　title　than　king。　And
they　were　well　persuaded　that　Cassius；　being　a　man　governed　by　anger
and　passion；　and　carried　often；　for　his　interest's　sake；　beyond　the
bounds　of　justice；　endured　all　these　hardships　of　war　and　travel　and
danger　most　assuredly　to　obtain　dominion　to　himself；　and　not　liberty
to　the　people。　And　as　for　the　former　disturbers　of　the　peace　of
Rome；　whether　a　Cinna；　a　Marius；　or　a　Carbo；　it　is　manifest　that　they；
having　set　their　country　as　a　stake　for　him　that　should　win；　did
almost　own　in　express　terms　that　they　fought　for　empire。　But　even
the　enemies　of　Brutus　did　not；　they　tell　us；　lay　this　accusation　to
his　charge；　nay；　many　heard　Antony　himself　say　that　Brutus　was　the
only　man　that　conspired　against　Caesar　out　of　a　sense　of　the　glory　and
the　apparent　justice　of　the　action；　but　that　all　the　rest　rose　up
against　the　man　himself；　from　private　envy　and　malice　of　their　own。
And　it　is　plain　by　what　he　writes　himself；　that　Brutus　did　not　so　much
rely　upon　his　forces；　as　upon　his　own　virtue。　For　thus　he　speaks　in
a　letter　to　Atticus；　shortly　before　he　was　to　engage　with　the　enemy：
that　his　affairs　were　in　the　best　state　of　fortune　that　he　could　wish；
for　that　either　he　should　overcome；　and　restore　liberty　to　the
people　of　Rome；　or　die；　and　be　himself　out　of　the　reach　of　slavery；
that　other　things　being　certain　and　beyond　all　hazard；　one　thing　was
yet　in　doubt；　whether　they　should　live　or　die　free　men。　He　adds
further；　that　Mark　Antony　had　received　a　just　punishment　for　his
folly；　who；　when　he　might　have　been　numbered　with　Brutus　and　Cassius
and　Cato；　would　join　himself　to　Octavius；　that　though　they　should
not　now　be　both　overcome；　they　soon　would　fight　between　themselves。
And　in　this　he　seems　to　have　been　no　ill…prophet。
　　Now　when　they　were　at　Smyrna；　Brutus　desired　of　Cassius　that　he
might　have　part　of　the　great　treasure　that　he　had　heaped　up；　because
all　his　own　was　expended　in　furnishing　out　such　a　fleet　of　ships　as
was　sufficient　to　keep　the　whole　interior　sea　in　their　power。　But
Cassius's　friends　dissuaded　him　from　this；　〃for；〃　said　they；　〃it　i