autobiography-第21部分

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On　the　25th。　48。　of　the　Nobles　joined　the　tiers；　&　among　them　the　D。　of　Orleans。　　There　were　then　with　them　164　members　of　the　Clergy；　altho'　the　minority　of　that　body　still　sat　apart　&　called　themselves　the　chamber　of　the　clergy。　　On　the　26th。　the　Archbp。　of　Paris　joined　the　tiers；　as　did　some　others　of　the　clergy　and　of　the　Noblesse。

　　　　　　　　These　proceedings　had　thrown　the　people　into　violent　ferment。　It　gained　the　souldiery；　first　of　the　French　guards；　extended　to　those　of　every　other　denomination；　except　the　Swiss；　and　even　to　the　body　guards　of　the　King。　　They　began　to　quit　their　barracks；　to　assemble　in　squads；　to　declare　they　would　defend　the　life　of　the　King；　but　would　not　be　the　murderers　of　their　fellow…citizens。　　They　called　themselves　the　souldiers　_of　the　nation_；　and　left　now　no　doubt　on　which　side　they　would　be；　in　case　of　rupture。　　Similar　accounts　came　in　from　the　troops　in　other　parts　of　the　kingdom；　giving　good　reason　to　believe　they　would　side　with　their　fathers　and　brothers　rather　than　with　their　officers。　　The　operation　of　this　medicine　at　Versailles　was　as　sudden　as　it　was　powerful。　　The　alarm　there　was　so　compleat　that　in　the　afternoon　of　the　27th。　the　King　wrote　with　his　own　hand　letters　to　the　Presidents　of　the　clergy　and　Nobles；　engaging　them　immediately　to　join　the　Tiers。　　These　two　bodies　were　debating　&　hesitating　when　notes　from　the　Ct。　d'Artois　decided　their　compliance。　　They　went　in　a　body　and　took　their　seats　with　the　tiers；　and　thus　rendered　the　union　of　the　orders　in　one　chamber　compleat。

　　　　　　　　The　Assembly　now　entered　on　the　business　of　their　mission；　and　first　proceeded　to　arrange　the　order　in　which　they　would　take　up　the　heads　of　their　constitution；　as　follows：

　　　　　　　　First；　and　as　Preliminary　to　the　whole　a　general　Declaration　of　the　Rights　of　Man。　　Then　specifically　the　Principles　of　the　Monarchy；　rights　of　the　Nation；　rights　of　the　King；　rights　of　the　citizens；　organization　&　rights　of　the　National　assembly；　forms　necessary　for　the　enactment　of　laws；　organization　&　functions　of　the　provincial　&　municipal　assemblies；　duties　and　limits　of　the　Judiciary　power；　functions　&　duties　of　the　military　power。

　　　　　　　　A　declaration　of　the　rights　of　man；　as　the　preliminary　of　their　work；　was　accordingly　prepared　and　proposed　by　the　Marquis　de　la　Fayette。

　　　　　　　　But　the　quiet　of　their　march　was　soon　disturbed　by　information　that　troops；　and　particularly　the　foreign　troops；　were　advancing　on　Paris　from　various　quarters。　　The　King　had　been　probably　advised　to　this　on　the　pretext　of　preserving　peace　in　Paris。　　But　his　advisers　were　believed　to　have　other　things　in　contemplation。　　The　Marshal　de　Broglio　was　appointed　to　their　command；　a　high　flying　aristocrat；　cool　and　capable　of　everything。　　Some　of　the　French　guards　were　soon　arrested；　under　other　pretexts；　but　really　on　account　of　their　dispositions　in　favor　of　the　National　cause。　　The　people　of　Paris　forced　their　prison；　liberated　them；　and　sent　a　deputation　to　the　Assembly　to　solicit　a　pardon。　　The　Assembly　recommended　peace　and　order　to　the　people　of　Paris；　the　prisoners　to　the　king；　and　asked　from　him　the　removal　of　the　troops。　　His　answer　was　negative　and　dry；　saying　they　might　remove　themselves；　if　they　pleased；　to　Noyons　or　Soissons。　　In　the　meantime　these　troops；　to　the　number　of　twenty　or　thirty　thousand；　had　arrived　and　were　posted　in；　and　between　Paris　and　Versailles。　　The　bridges　and　passes　were　guarded。　　At　three　o'clock　in　the　afternoon　of　the　11th　July　the　Count　de　la　Luzerne　was　sent　to　notify　Mr。　Neckar　of　his　dismission；　and　to　enjoin　him　to　retire　instantly　without　saying　a　word　of　it　to　anybody。　　He　went　home；　dined；　and　proposed　to　his　wife　a　visit　to　a　friend；　but　went　in　fact　to　his　country　house　at　St。　Ouen；　and　at　midnight　set　out　for　Brussels。　　This　was　not　known　until　the　next　day；　12th　when　the　whole　ministry　was　changed；　except　Villedeuil；　of　the　Domestic　department；　and　Barenton；　Garde　des　sceaux。　　The　changes　were　as　follows。

　　　　　　　　The　Baron　de　Breteuil；　president　of　the　council　of　finance；　de　la　Galaisiere；　Comptroller　general　in　the　room　of　Mr。　Neckar；　the　Marshal　de　Broglio；　minister　of　War；　&　Foulon　under　him　in　the　room　of　Puy…Segur；　the　Duke　de　la　Vauguyon；　minister　of　foreign　affairs　instead　of　the　Ct。　de　Montmorin；　de　La　Porte；　minister　of　Marine；　in　place　of　the　Ct。　de　la　Luzerne；　St。　Priest　was　also　removed　from　the　council。　　Luzerne　and　Puy…Segur　had　been　strongly　of　the　Aristocratic　party　in　the　Council；　but　they　were　not　considered　as　equal　to　the　work　now　to　be　done。　　The　King　was　now　compleatly　in　the　hands　of　men；　the　principal　among　whom　had　been　noted　thro'　their　lives　for　the　Turkish　despotism　of　their　characters；　and　who　were　associated　around　the　King　as　proper　instruments　for　what　was　to　be　executed。　The　news　of　this　change　began　to　be　known　at　Paris　about　1。　　or　2。　o'clock。　　In　the　afternoon　a　body　of　about　100　German　cavalry　were　advanced　and　drawn　up　in　the　Place　Louis　XV。　and　about　200。　　Swiss　posted　at　a　little　distance　in　their　rear。　　This　drew　people　to　the　spot；　who　thus　accidentally　found　themselves　in　front　of　the　troops；　merely　at　first　as　spectators；　but　as　their　numbers　increased；　their　indignation　rose。　　They　retired　a　few　steps；　and　posted　themselves　on　and　behind　large　piles　of　stones；　large　and　small；　collected　in　that　Place　for　a　bridge　which　was　to　be　built　adjacent　to　it。　　In　this　position；　happening　to　be　in　my　carriage　on　a　visit；　I　passed　thro'　the　lane　they　had　formed；　without　interruption。　　But　the　moment　after　I　had　passed；　the　people　attacked　the　cavalry　with　stones。　　They　charged；　but　the　advantageous　position　of　the　people；　and　the　showers　of　stones　obliged　the　horse　to　retire；　and　quit　the　field　altogether；　leaving　one　of　their　number　on　the　ground；　&　the　Swiss　in　their　rear　not　moving　to　their　aid。　　This　was　the　signal　for　universal　insurrection；　and　this　body　of　cavalry；　to　avoid　being　massacred；　retired　towards　Versailles。　　The　people　now　armed　themselves　with　such　weapons　as　they　could　find　in　armorer's　shops　and　private　houses；　and　with　bludgeons；　and　were　roaming　all　night　thro'　all　parts　of　the　city；　without　any　decided　object。　　The　next　day　（13th。）　the　assembly　pressed　on　the　king　to　send　away　the　troops；　to　permit　the　Bourgeoisie　of　Paris　to　arm　for　the　preservation　of　order　in　the　city；　and　offer　to　send　a　deputation　from　their　body　to　tranquillize　them；　but　their　propositions　were　refused。　　A　committee　of　magistrates　and　electors　of　the　city　are　appointed　by　those　bodies　to　take　upon　them　it's　government。　　The　people；　now　openly　joined　by　the　French　guards；　force　the　prison　of　St。　Lazare；　release　all　the　prisoners；　and　take　a　great　store　of　corn；　which　they　carry　to　the　Corn…market。　　Here　they　get　some　arms；　and　the　French　guards　begin　to　form　&　train　them。　　The　City…committee　determined　to　raise　48。000。　Bourgeoise；　or　rather　to　restrain　their　numbers　to　48。000。　　On　the　14th。　they　send　one　of　their　members　（Mons。　de　Corny）　to　the　Hotel　des　Invalides；　to　ask　arms　for　their　Garde…Bourgeoise。　　He　was　followed　by；　and　he　found　there　a　great　collection　of　people。　　The　Governor　of　the　Invalids　came　out　and　represented　the　impossibility　of　his　delivering　arms　without　the　orders　of　those　from　whom　he　received　them。　　De　Corny　advised　the　people　then　to　retire；　and　retired　himself；　but　the　people　took　possession　of　the　arms。　　It　was　remarkable　that　not　only　the　Invalids　themselves　made　no　opposition；　but　that　a　body　of　5000。　foreign　troops；　within　400。　yards；　never　stirred。　　M。　de　Corny　and　five　others　were　then　sent　to　ask　arms　of　M。　de　Launay；　governor　of　the　Bastile。　　They　found　a　great　collection　of　people　already　before　the　place；　and　they　immediately　planted　a　flag　of　truce；　which　was　answered　by　a　like　flag　hoisted　on　the　Parapet。　　The　deputation　prevailed　on　the　people　to　fall　back　a　little；　advanced　themselves　to　make　their　demand　of　the　Governor；　and　in　that　instant　a　discharge　from　the　Bastile　killed　four　persons；　of　those　nearest　to　the　deputies。　　The　deputies　retired。　　I　happened　to　be　at　the　house　of　M。　　de　Corny　when　he　returned　to　it；　and　received　from　him　a　narrative　of　these　transactions。　　On　the　retirement　of　the　deputies；　the　people　rushed　forward　&　almost　in　an　instant　were　in　possession　of　a　fortification　defended　by　100。　men；　of　infinite　strength；　which　in　other　times　had　stood　several　regular　sieges；　and　had　never　been　taken。　　How　they　forced　their　entrance　has　never　been　explained。　　They　took　all　the　arms；　discharged　the　prisoners；　and　such　of　the　garrison　as　were　not　killed　in　the　first　moment　of　fury；　carried　the　Governor　and　Lt。　Governor　to　the　Place　de　Greve　（the　place　of　public　execution）　cut　off　their　heads；　and　sent　them　thro'　the　city　in　triumph　to　the　Palais　royal。　　About　the　same　instant　a　treacherous　correspondence　having　been　discovered　in　M。　de　Flesselles；　prevot　des　marchands；　they　seized　him　in　the　Hotel　de　Ville　where　he　was　in　the　execution　of　his　office；　and　cut　off　his　head。　　These　events　carried　imperfectly　to　Versailles　were　the　subject　of　two　successive　deputations　from　the　assembly　to　the　king；　to　both　of　which　he　gave　dry　and　hard　answers　for　nobody　had　as　yet　been　permitted　to　inform　him　truly　and　fully　of　what　had　passed　at　Paris。　　But　at　night　the　Duke　de　Liancourt　forced　his　way　into　the　king's　bed　chamber；　and　obliged　him　to　hear　a　full　and　animated　detail　of　the　disasters　of　the　day　in　Paris。　　He　went　to　bed　fearfully　impressed。　　The　decapitation　of　de　Launai　worked　powerfully　thro'　the　night　on　the　whole　aristocratic　party；　insomuch　that；　in　the　morning；　those　of　the　greatest　influence　on　the　Count　d'Artois　represented　to　him　the　absolute　necessity　that　the　king　should　give　up　everything　to　the　Assembly。　　This　according　with　the　dispositions　of　the　king；　he　went　about　11。　o'clock；　accompanied　only　by　his　brothers；　to　the　Assembly；　&　there　read　to　them　a　speech；　in　which　he　asked　their　interposition　to　re…establish　order。　　Altho'　couched　in　terms　of　some　caution；　yet　the　manner　in　which　it　was　delivered　made　it　evident　that　it　was　meant　as　a　surrender　at　discretion。　　He　returned　to　the　Chateau　afoot；　accompanied　by　the　assembly。　　They　sent　off　a　deputation　to　quiet　Paris；　at　the　head　of　which　was　the　Marq