ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

philosophy of nature-µÚ4²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡


measures£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡already¡¡presupposes¡¡the¡¡real¡¡particularity¡¡of¡¡things£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡only¡¡at¡¡hand¡¡in
concrete¡¡nature¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡203¡£

£¨5£©¡¡Space¡¡and¡¡time¡¡constitute¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡in¡¡and¡¡for¡¡itself£»¡¡with¡¡space¡¡the¡¡real¡¡or¡¡immediately
objective¡¡side¡¡and¡¡time¡¡the¡¡purely¡¡subjective¡¡side¡£¡¡Space¡¡is¡¡in¡¡itself¡¡the¡¡contradiction¡¡of¡¡indifferent
being¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡others¡¡and¡¡undifferentiated¡¡continuity£»¡¡and¡¡thereby¡¡the¡¡pure¡¡negativity¡¡of¡¡itself¡¡and
the¡¡transition¡¡into¡¡time¡£¡¡Space¡¡converts¡¡into¡¡the¡¡individuality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡place¡£¡¡Time¡¡is£»¡¡equally£»¡¡since¡¡its
moments¡¡held¡¡together¡¡in¡¡unity¡¡suspend¡¡themselves¡¡immediately£»¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡convergence¡¡into
indifference£»¡¡into¡¡undifferentiated¡¡being¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡one¡¡another£»¡¡or¡¡into¡¡space£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡its¡¡place¡¡is
precisely¡¡in¡¡that¡¡way¡¡immediate¡¡as¡¡sheer¡¡indifferent¡¡spatiality¡£¡¡This¡¡disappearance¡¡and¡¡regeneration
of¡¡space¡¡in¡¡time¡¡and¡¡of¡¡time¡¡in¡¡space¡¡is¡¡motion£»¡­a¡¡becoming£»¡¡which£»¡¡however£»¡¡is¡¡itself¡¡just¡¡as¡¡much
immediately¡¡the¡¡identically¡¡existing¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡both£»¡¡or¡¡matter¡£¡¡

The¡¡transition¡¡from¡¡ideality¡¡to¡¡reality£»¡¡from¡¡abstraction¡¡to¡¡concrete¡¡existence£»¡¡in¡¡this¡¡case¡¡from
space¡¡and¡¡time¡¡to¡¡reality£»¡¡which¡¡appears¡¡as¡¡matter£»¡¡is¡¡incomprehensible¡¡to¡¡the¡¡understanding£»¡¡and
always¡¡converts¡¡therefore¡¡externally¡¡for¡¡the¡¡understanding£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡a¡¡given¡¡entity¡£¡¡The¡¡usual
conception¡¡is¡¡to¡¡take¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time¡¡as¡¡empty¡¡and¡¡to¡¡be¡¡filled¡¡with¡¡matter¡¡from¡¡the¡¡outside¡£¡¡In¡¡this
way¡¡material¡¡things¡¡are£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡one¡¡hand£»¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡as¡¡indifferent¡¡to¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡the
other¡¡hand¡¡to¡¡be¡¡taken¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡as¡¡essentially¡¡spatial¡¡and¡¡temporal¡£¡¡

What¡¡is¡¡usually¡¡said¡¡of¡¡matter¡¡is£º¡¡£¨a£©¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡composite£»¡¡this¡¡refers¡¡to¡¡its¡¡identity¡¡with¡¡space¡£
Insofar¡¡as¡¡abstractions¡¡are¡¡made¡¡from¡¡time¡¡and¡¡from¡¡all¡¡form¡¡generally£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡asserted¡¡that¡¡matter¡¡is
eternal¡¡and¡¡immutable¡£¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¡this¡¡follows¡¡immediately£»¡¡but¡¡such¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡is¡¡also¡¡only¡¡an¡¡untrue
abstraction¡£¡¡£¨b£©¡¡It¡¡is¡¡said¡¡that¡¡matter¡¡is¡¡impenetrable¡¡and¡¡offers¡¡resistance£»¡¡is¡¡tangible£»¡¡visible£»¡¡and
so¡¡on¡£¡¡These¡¡predicates¡¡mean¡¡nothing¡¡else¡¡than¡¡that¡¡matter¡¡exists£»¡¡partly¡¡for¡¡specific¡¡forms¡¡of
perception£»¡¡in¡¡general¡¡for¡¡an¡¡other£»¡¡but¡¡partly¡¡just¡¡as¡¡much¡¡for¡¡itself¡¡Both¡¡of¡¡these¡¡are
determinations¡¡which¡¡belong¡¡to¡¡matter¡¡precisely¡¡because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡identity¡¡of¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time£»¡¡of
immediate¡¡being¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡itself¡¡or¡¡of¡¡becoming¡£¡¡

The¡¡transition¡¡of¡¡ideality¡¡into¡¡reality¡¡is¡¡demonstrated¡¡therefore¡¡in¡¡the¡¡familiar¡¡mechanical
phenomena£»¡¡namely£»¡¡that¡¡ideality¡¡can¡¡take¡¡the¡¡place¡¡of¡¡reality¡¡and¡¡vice¡¡versa£»¡¡and¡¡only¡¡the¡¡usual
thoughtlessness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡representation¡¡and¡¡of¡¡the¡¡understanding¡¡are¡¡to¡¡blame¡¡that£»¡¡for¡¡them£»¡¡their
identity¡¡does¡¡not¡¡derive¡¡from¡¡the¡¡interchangeability¡¡of¡¡both¡£¡¡In¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡the¡¡lever£»¡¡for
example£»¡¡distance¡¡can¡¡be¡¡posited¡¡in¡¡the¡¡place¡¡of¡¡mass¡¡and¡¡vice¡¡versa£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡quantum¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ideal
moment¡¡produces¡¡the¡¡same¡¡effect¡¡as¡¡the¡¡corresponding¡¡real¡¡moment¡£¡¡

Similarly£»¡¡velocity£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡magnitude¡¡of¡¡motion£»¡¡the¡¡quantitative¡¡relationship¡¡of¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time£»
represents¡¡mass£»¡¡and¡¡conversely£»¡¡the¡¡same¡¡real¡¡effect¡¡emerges¡¡if¡¡the¡¡mass¡¡is¡¡increased¡¡and¡¡the
velocity¡¡proportionately¡¡decreased¡£¡¡By¡¡itself¡¡a¡¡brick¡¡does¡¡not¡¡kill¡¡a¡¡person£»¡¡but¡¡produces¡¡this
effect¡¡only¡¡though¡¡the¡¡velocity¡¡it¡¡achieves£»¡¡in¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡the¡¡person¡¡is¡¡killed¡¡through¡¡space¡¡and
time¡£¡¡

It¡¡is¡¡force£»¡¡a¡¡category¡¡of¡¡reflection¡¡fixed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡understanding£»¡¡which¡¡presents¡¡itself¡¡here¡¡as¡¡the
ultimate£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡prevents¡¡understanding¡¡and¡¡lets¡¡it¡¡seem¡¡superfluous¡¡to¡¡inquire¡¡further¡¡after
the¡¡concept¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡at¡¡least¡¡appears¡¡without¡¡thought£»¡¡namely£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡force¡¡is¡¡something
real¡¡and¡¡appealing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡senses£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡force¡¡there¡¡is¡¡realised¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡in¡¡its¡¡expression£»
indeed£»¡¡it¡¡appears¡¡that¡¡force¡¡achieves¡¡precisely¡¡this¡¡force¡¡of¡¡its¡¡expression¡¡through¡¡the¡¡relationship
of¡¡its¡¡ideal¡¡moments£»¡¡of¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time¡£¡¡

Further£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡also¡¡in¡¡keeping¡¡with¡¡this¡¡nonconceptual¡¡reflection¡¡that¡¡¡¨forces'¡¡are¡¡seen¡¡as¡¡implanted¡¡in
matter£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡originally¡¡external¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡this¡¡very¡¡identity¡¡of¡¡time¡­and¡¡space£»¡¡which¡¡vaguely
appears¡¡in¡¡the¡¡reflective¡¡category¡¡of¡¡force£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡in¡¡truth¡¡constitutes¡¡the¡¡essence¡¡of¡¡matter£»¡¡is
posited¡¡as¡¡something¡¡alien¡¡to¡¡it¡¡and¡¡contingent£»¡¡something¡¡introduced¡¡into¡¡it¡¡from¡¡outside¡£¡¡




II
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Inorganic¡¡Physics

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡£¡¡Mechanics¡¡¡­¡¡B¡£¡¡Elementary¡¡Physics¡¡¡­¡¡C¡£¡¡The¡¡Physics¡¡of¡¡Individuality

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡204¡£

Matter¡¡in¡¡itself¡¡holds¡¡itself¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡itself¡¡through¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡of¡¡its¡¡negativity£»¡¡diversity£»¡¡or
abstract¡¡separation¡¡into¡¡parts£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡repulsion¡£¡¡Its¡¡being¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡itself¡¡is¡¡just¡¡as¡¡essential£»
however£»¡¡because¡¡these¡¡differences¡¡are¡¡one¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same£º¡¡the¡¡negative¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡this¡¡existence¡¡apart
from¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡being¡¡for¡¡itself£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡continuous¡£¡¡Matter¡¡therefore¡¡has¡¡attraction¡£¡¡The¡¡unity¡¡of
these¡¡moments¡¡is¡¡gravity¡£¡¡

Kant¡¡has£»¡¡among¡¡other¡¡things£»¡¡through¡¡the¡¡attempt¡¡at¡¡a¡¡¡°construction¡±¡¡of¡¡matter¡¡in¡¡his
metaphysical¡¡elements¡¡of¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡sciences£»¡¡the¡¡merit¡¡of¡¡having¡¡started¡¡towards¡¡a¡¡concept¡¡of
matter£»¡¡after¡¡it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡attributed¡¡merely¡¡to¡¡the¡¡deadness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡understanding¡¡and¡¡its
determinations¡¡had¡¡been¡¡conceived¡¡as¡¡the¡¡relations¡¡of¡¡attributes¡£¡¡With¡¡this¡¡attempt¡¡Kant¡¡revived
the¡¡concept¡¡of¡¡the¡¡philosophy¡¡of¡¡nature£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡nothing¡¡other¡¡than¡¡the¡¡comprehension¡¡of¡¡nature
or£»¡¡what¡¡is¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡in¡¡nature¡£¡¡But¡¡in¡¡so¡¡doing¡¡he¡¡assumed¡¡that¡¡the
reflective¡¡categories¡¡of¡¡attraction¡¡and¡¡repulsion¡¡were¡¡readymade£»¡¡and¡¡further£»¡¡he¡¡presupposed¡¡that
the¡¡category¡¡of¡¡the¡¡reflection¡¡itself¡¡out¡¡of¡¡which¡¡matter¡¡should¡¡emerge£»¡¡is¡¡readymade¡£¡¡This
confusion¡¡is¡¡a¡¡necessary¡¡consequence¡¡of¡¡Kant's¡¡procedure£»¡¡because¡¡the¡¡former¡¡abstract¡¡moments
can¡¡not¡¡be¡¡conceptualised¡¡without¡¡their¡¡identity£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡because¡¡the¡¡observation¡¡of¡¡these
opposing¡¡determinations¡¡suspends¡¡itself¡¡immediately¡¡in¡¡their¡¡identity£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡the¡¡danger¡¡that¡¡they
will¡¡appear£»¡¡like¡¡attraction£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡continuity¡£¡¡I¡¡have¡¡demonstrated¡¡in¡¡detail¡¡the¡¡confusion¡¡which
dominates¡¡Kant's¡¡exposition¡¡in¡¡my¡¡system¡¡of¡¡Logic£»¡¡vol¡£¡¡1£»¡¡part¡¡1£»¡¡pp¡£¡¡119ff¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡205¡£

Matter£»¡¡as¡¡having¡¡gravity£»¡¡is¡¡only£º¡¡£¨1£©¡¡matter¡¡existing¡¡in¡¡itself¡¡or¡¡general¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡concept¡¡must£º¡¡£¨2£©
specify¡¡itself£»¡¡thus¡¡it¡¡is¡¡elementary¡¡matter£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡object¡¡of¡¡elementary¡¡physics¡£¡¡£¨3£©¡¡Particular
matter¡¡taken¡¡together¡¡is¡¡individualised¡¡matter£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡object¡¡of¡¡physics¡¡as¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡world¡¡of¡¡the
body¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mechanics

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡206¡£

Matter£»¡¡as¡¡simply¡¡general£»¡¡has¡¡at¡¡first¡¡only¡¡a¡¡quantitative¡¡difference£»¡¡and¡¡particularises¡¡itself¡¡into
different¡¡quanta£»¡¡¡­¡¡masses£»¡¡which£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡superficial¡¡determination¡¡of¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡or¡¡one£»¡¡are¡¡bodies¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡207¡£

The¡¡body¡¡is£º¡¡£¨1£©¡¡as¡¡heavy¡¡matter¡¡the¡¡solid¡¡identity¡¡of¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time£»¡¡but¡¡£¨2£©¡¡as¡¡the¡¡first¡¡negation¡¡it
has¡¡in¡¡itself¡¡their¡¡ideality£»¡¡which¡¡differentiates¡¡them¡¡from¡¡each¡¡other¡¡and¡¡from¡¡the¡¡body¡£¡¡The¡¡body¡¡is
essentially¡¡in¡¡space¡¡and¡¡time£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡it¡¡constitutes¡¡its¡¡indifferent¡¡content¡¡in¡¡contrast¡¡to¡¡this¡¡form¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡208¡£

£¨3£©¡¡As¡¡space£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡time¡¡is¡¡suspended£»¡¡the¡¡body¡¡is¡¡enduring£»¡¡and¡¡£¨4£©¡¡as¡¡time£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the
indifferent¡¡subsistence¡¡of¡¡space¡¡is¡¡suspended£»¡¡the¡¡body¡¡is¡¡transitory¡£¡¡In¡¡general£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡wholly
contingent¡¡unit¡£¡¡£¨5£©¡¡But¡¡as¡¡the¡¡unity¡¡which¡¡binds¡¡together¡¡the¡¡two¡¡moments¡¡in¡¡their¡¡opposition£»¡¡the
body¡¡essentially¡¡has¡¡motion£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡gravity¡£¡¡

Because¡¡the¡¡forces¡¡have¡¡been¡¡seen¡¡as¡¡only¡¡implanted¡¡onto¡¡matter£»¡¡motion¡¡in¡¡particular¡¡is
considered¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡determination¡¡external¡¡to¡¡the¡¡body£»¡¡even¡¡by¡¡that¡¡physics¡¡which¡¡is¡¡presumably
scientific¡£¡¡It¡¡has¡¡thus¡¡become¡¡a¡¡leading¡¡axiom¡¡of¡¡mechanics¡¡that¡¡the¡¡body¡¡is¡¡set¡¡in¡¡motion¡¡or¡¡placed
into¡¡a¡¡condition¡¡only¡¡by¡¡an¡¡external¡¡cause¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡one¡¡hand¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡understanding¡¡which¡¡holds
motion¡¡and¡¡rest¡¡apart¡¡as¡¡nonconceptual¡¡determinations£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡does¡¡not¡¡grasp¡¡their
transition¡¡into¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡but¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand¡¡only¡¡the¡¡selfless¡¡bodies¡¡of¡¡the¡¡earth£»¡£¡¡which¡¡are¡¡the
object¡¡of¡¡ordinary¡¡mechanics£»¡¡appear¡¡in¡¡this¡¡representation¡£¡¡The¡¡determinations£»¡¡which¡¡occur¡¡in¡¡the
appearance¡¡of¡¡such¡¡bodies¡¡and¡¡are¡¡valid£»¡¡are¡¡set¡¡as¡¡the¡¡foundation£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡the
independent¡¡bodies¡¡is¡¡subsumed¡¡under¡¡this¡¡category¡£¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¡however£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡are¡¡truly¡¡more
general¡¡and¡¡the¡¡former¡¡is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡is¡¡subsumed¡¡absolutely£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡absolute¡¡mechanics¡¡the
concept¡¡presents¡¡itself¡¡in¡¡its¡¡truth¡¡and¡¡singularity¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡209¡£

In¡¡motion£»¡¡time¡¡posits¡¡itself¡¡spatially¡¡as¡¡place£»¡¡but¡¡this¡¡indifferent¡¡spatiality¡¡becomes¡¡just¡¡as
immediately¡¡temporal£º¡¡the¡¡place¡¡becomes¡¡another¡¡£¨cf¡¡¡ì¡¡202£©¡£¡¡This¡¡difference¡¡of¡¡time¡¡and¡¡space¡¡is£»
as¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡of¡¡their¡¡absolute¡¡unity¡¡and¡¡their¡¡indifferent¡¡content£»¡¡a¡¡difference¡¡of¡¡bodies£»¡¡which
hold¡¡themselves¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡each¡¡other¡¡yet¡¡equally¡¡seek¡¡their¡¡unity¡¡through¡¡gravity£»¡¡¡ª¡¡general
gravitation¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡210¡£

Gravitation¡¡is¡¡the¡¡true¡¡and¡¡determinate¡¡concept¡¡of¡¡material¡¡corporeality£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡thereby¡¡just¡¡as
essentially¡¡divided¡¡into¡¡particular¡¡bodies£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡has¡¡its¡¡manifested¡¡existence£»¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡of
external¡¡individuality£»¡¡in¡¡movement£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡thus¡¡determined¡¡immediately¡¡as¡¡a¡¡relation¡¡of¡¡several
bodies¡£¡¡

General¡¡gravitation¡¡must¡¡be¡¡recognised¡¡for¡¡itself¡¡as¡¡a¡¡profound¡¡thought£»¡¡which¡¡constitutes¡¡an
absolute¡¡basis¡¡for¡¡mechanics¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡conceived¡¡initially¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡reflection£»¡¡though¡¡it¡¡is¡¡so
bound¡¡up¡¡with¡¡it¡¡through¡¡the¡¡quantitative¡¡determinations¡¡that¡¡it¡¡has¡¡attracted¡¡attention¡¡and¡¡credit£»
and¡¡its¡¡verification¡¡has¡¡been¡¡based¡¡solely¡¡on¡¡the¡¡experience¡¡analysed¡¡from¡¡the¡¡solar¡¡system¡¡down
to¡¡the¡¡phenomenon¡¡of¡¡the¡¡capillary¡¡tubes¡£¡¡Certainly¡¡gravitation¡¡directly¡¡contradicts¡¡the¡¡law¡¡of
inertia£»¡¡for£»¡¡by¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡the¡¡former£»¡¡matter¡¡strives¡¡to¡¡get¡¡out¡¡of¡¡itself¡¡to¡¡another¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡of
gravity£»¡¡as¡¡has¡¡been¡¡shown£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡included¡¡the¡¡two¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡being¡¡for¡¡itself¡¡and¡¡of¡¡that
continuity¡¡that¡¡suspends¡¡being¡¡for¡¡itself¡¡These¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡concept¡¡now¡¡experience¡¡the¡¡fate£»¡¡as
particular¡¡forces¡¡corresponding¡¡to¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡attraction¡¡and¡¡repulsion£»¡¡of¡¡being¡¡conceived¡¡more
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡