the economist-第11部分

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s　to　her　whole　household；　examining　whenever　it　seemed　good　to　her；　and　passing　in　review　the　several　chattels；　just　as　the　officer　in　command　of　a　garrison＇16＇　musters　and　reviews　his　men。　She　must　apply　her　scrutiny　and　see　that　everything　was　well；　even　as　the　Senate＇17＇　tests　the　condition　of　the　Knights　and　of　their　horses。＇18＇　Like　a　queen；　she　must　bestow；　according　to　the　power　vested　in　her；　praise　and　honour　on　the　well…　deserving；　but　blame　and　chastisement　on　him　who　stood　in　need　thereof。

＇15＇　See　Plat。　〃Laws；〃　vi。　755　A；　770　C；　Aristot。　〃Pol。〃　iii。　15；　1287　　　　　A；　iv。　14；　1298　B；　vi。　8；　1323　A；　〃Ath。　Pol。〃　viii。　4；　and　Cic。　　　　　ap。　Col。　xii。　3。　10　f。　Holden　cf。　Cic。　〃de　Legg。〃　iii。　20；　S。　46；　　　　　〃C。　I。　G。〃　3794。

＇16＇　Lit。　Phrourarch；　〃the　commandant。〃

＇17＇　Or；　〃Council〃　at　Athens。

＇18＇　Cf。　〃Hipparch。〃　i。　8；　13。

Nor　did　my　lessons　end　here　（added　he）；　I　taught　her　that　she　must　not　be　annoyed　should　I　seem　to　be　enjoining　upon　her　more　trouble　than　upon　any　of　our　domestics　with　regard　to　our　possessions；　pointing　out　to　her　that　these　domestics　have　only　so　far　a　share　in　their　master's　chattels　that　they　must　fetch　and　carry；　tend　and　guard　them；　nor　have　they　the　right　to　use　a　single　one　of　them　except　the　master　grant　it。　But　to　the　master　himself　all　things　pertain　to　use　as　he　thinks　best。　And　so　I　pointed　the　conclusion：　he　to　whom　the　greater　gain　attaches　in　the　preservation　of　the　property　or　loss　in　its　destruction；　is　surely　he　to　whom　by　right　belongs　the　larger　measure　of　attention。＇19＇

＇19＇　Or；　〃he　it　is　on　whom　devolves　as　his　concern　the　duty　of　　　　　surveillance。〃

When；　then　（I　asked）；　Ischomachus；　how　fared　it？　was　your　wife　disposed　at　all　to　lend　a　willing　ear　to　what　you　told　her？＇20＇

＇20＇　Lit。　〃when　she　heard　did　she　give　ear　at　all？〃

Bless　you；＇21＇　Socrates　（he　answered）；　what　did　she　do　but　forthwith　answer　me；　I　formed　a　wrong　opinion　if　I　fancied　that；　in　teaching　her　the　need　of　minding　our　property；　I　was　imposing　a　painful　task　upon　her。　A　painful　task　it　might　have　been＇22＇　（she　added）；　had　I　bade　her　neglect　her　personal　concerns！　But　to　be　obliged　to　fulfil　the　duty　of　attending　to　her　own　domestic　happiness；＇23＇　that　was　easy。　After　all　it　would　seem　to　be　but　natural　（added　he）；　just　as　any　honest＇24＇　woman　finds　it　easier　to　care　for　her　own　offspring　than　to　neglect　them；　so；　too；　he　could　well　believe；　an　honest　woman　might　find　it　pleasanter　to　care　for　than　to　neglect　possessions；　the　very　charm　of　which　is　that　they　are　one's　very　own。

＇21＇　Lit。　〃By　Hera！〃　Cf。　the　old　formula　〃Marry！〃　or　〃By'r　lakin！〃

＇22＇　Lit。　〃more　painful　had　it　been；　had　I　enjoined　her　to　neglect　her　　　　　own　interests　than　to　be　obliged　。　。　。〃

＇23＇　｛ton　oikeion　agathon｝；　cp。　〃charity　begins　at　home。〃　See　Joel；　　　　　op。　cit。　p。　448。

＇24＇　Or；　〃true　and　honest〃；　〃any　woman　worthy　of　the　name。〃　｛sophroni｝　　　　　=　with　the　｛sophrosune｝　of　womanhood；　possibly　transl。　〃discreet　　　　　and　sober…minded。〃



X

So　（continued　Socrates）；　when　I　heard　his　wife　had　made　this　answer；　I　exclaimed：　By　Hera；　Ischomachus；　a　brave　and　masculine　intelligence　the　lady　has；　as　you　describe　her。

（To　which　Ischomachus）　Yes；　Socrates；　and　I　would　fain　narrate　some　other　instances　of　like　large…mindedness　on　her　part：　shown　in　the　readiness　with　which　she　listened　to　my　words　and　carried　out　my　wishes。

What　sort　of　thing？　（I　answered）。　Do；　pray；　tell　me；　since　I　would　far　more　gladly　learn　about　a　living　woman's　virtues　than　that　Zeuxis＇1＇　should　show　me　the　portrait　of　the　loveliest　woman　he　has　painted。

＇1＇　See　〃Mem。〃　I。　iv。　3。

Whereupon　Ischomachus　proceeded　to　narrate　as　follows：　I　must　tell　you；　Socrates；　I　one　day　noticed　she　was　much　enamelled　with　white　lead；＇2＇　no　doubt　to　enhance　the　natural　whitenes　of　her　skin；　she　had　rouged　herself　with　alkanet＇3＇　profusely；　doubtless　to　give　more　colour　to　her　cheeks　than　truth　would　warrant；　she　was　wearing　high…　heeled　shoes；　in　order　to　seem　taller　than　she　was　by　nature。＇4＇

＇2＇　Cf。　Aristoph。　〃Eccl。〃　878；　ib。　929；　｛egkhousa　mallon　kai　to　son　　　　　psimuthion｝：　ib。　1072；　〃Plut。〃　1064。

＇3＇　Lit。　〃enamelled　or　painted　with　anchusa　or　alkanet；〃　a　plant；　the　　　　　wild　bugloss；　whose　root　yields　a　red　dye。　Cf。　Aristoph。　〃Lys。〃　　　　　48；　Theophr。　〃H。　Pl。〃　vii。　8。　3。

＇4＇　See　Becker；　op。　cit。　p。　452；　Breit。　cf。　〃Anab。〃　III。　ii。　25；　　　　　〃Mem。〃　II。　i。　22；　Aristot。　〃Eth。　Nic。〃　iv。　3；　5；　〃True　beauty　　　　　requires　a　great　body。〃

Accordingly　I　put　to　her　this　question：＇5＇　〃Tell　me；　my　wife；　would　you　esteem　me　a　less　lovable　co…partner　in　our　wealth；　were　I　to　show　you　how　our　fortune　stands　exactly；　without　boasting　of　unreal　possessions　or　concealing　what　we　really　have？　Or　would　you　prefer　that　I　should　try　to　cheat　you　with　exaggeration；　exhibiting　false　money　to　you；　or　sham＇6＇　necklaces；　or　flaunting　purples＇7＇　which　will　lose　their　colour；　stating　they　are　genuine　the　while？〃

＇5＇　Lit。　〃So　I　said　to　her；　'Tell　me；　my　wife；　after　which　fashion　　　　　would　you　find　me　the　more　delectable　partner　in　our　joint　estate　　　　　were　I　to　。　。　。？　or　were　I　to　。　。　。？'〃

＇6＇　Lit。　〃only　wood　coated　with　gold。〃

＇7＇　See　Becker；　op。　cit。　p。　434　f；　Holden　cf。　Athen。　ix。　374；　xii。　　　　　525；　Ael。　〃V。　H。〃　xii。　32；　Aristoph。　〃Plut。〃　533。

She　caught　me　up　at　once：　〃Hush；　hush！〃　she　said；　〃talk　not　such　talk。　May　heaven　forfend　that　you　should　ever　be　like　that。　I　could　not　love　you　with　my　whole　heart　were　you　really　of　that　sort。〃

〃And　are　we　two　not　come　together；〃　I　continued；　〃for　a　closer　partnership；　being　each　a　sharer　in　the　other's　body？〃

〃That；　at　any　rate；　is　what　folk　say；〃　she　answered。

〃Then　as　regards　this　bodily　relation；〃　I　proceeded；　〃should　you　regard　me　as　more　lovable　or　less　did　I　present　myself；　my　one　endeavour　and　my　sole　care　being　that　my　body　should　be　hale　and　strong　and　thereby　well　complexioned；　or　would　you　have　me　first　anoint　myself　with　pigments；＇8＇　smear　my　eyes　with　patches＇9＇　of　'true　flesh　colour；'＇10＇　and　so　seek　your　embrace；　like　a　cheating　consort　presenting　to　his　mistress's　sight　and　touch　vermillion　paste　instead　of　his　own　flesh？〃

＇8＇　〃Red　lead。〃

＇9＇　Cf。　Aristoph。　〃Ach。〃　1029。

＇10＇　｛andreikelon｝。　Cf。　Plat。　〃Rep。〃　501　B；　〃the　human　complexion〃；　　　　　〃Crat。〃　424　E。

〃Frankly；〃　she　answered；　〃it　would　not　please　me　better　to　touch　paste　than　your　true　self。　Rather　would　I　see　your　own　'true　flesh　colour'　than　any　pigment　of　that　name；　would　liefer　look　into　your　eyes　and　see　them　radiant　with　health　than　washed　with　any　wash；　or　dyed　with　any　ointment　there　may　be。〃

〃Believe　the　same；　my　wife；　of　me　then；〃　Ischomachus　continued　（so　he　told　me）；　〃believe　that　I　too　am　not　better　pleased　with　white　enamel　or　with　alkanet　than　with　your　own　natural　hue；　but　as　the　gods　have　fashioned　horses　to　delight　in　horses；　cattle　in　cattle；　sheep　in　their　fellow　sheep；　so　to　human　beings　the　human　body　pure　and　undefiled　is　sweetest；＇11＇　and　as　to　these　deceits；　though　they　may　serve　to　cheat　the　outside　world　without　detection；　yet　if　intimates　try　to　deceive　each　other；　they　must　one　day　be　caught；　in　rising　from　their　beds；　before　they　make　their　toilet；　by　a　drop　of　sweat　they　stand　convicted；　tears　are　an　ordeal　they　cannot　pass；　the　bath　reveals　them　as　they　truly　are。〃

＇11＇　See　〃Mem。〃　II。　i。　22。

What　answer　（said　I）　did　she　make；　in　Heaven's　name；　to　what　you　said？

What；　indeed　（replied　the　husband）；　save　only；　that　thenceforward　she　never　once　indulged　in　any　practice　of　the　sort；　but　has　striven　to　display　the　natural　beauty　of　her　person　in　its　purity。　She　did；　however；　put　to　me　a　question：　Could　I　advise　her　how　she　might　become　not　in　false　show　but　really　fair　to　look　upon？

This；　then；　was　the　counsel　which　I　gave　her；　Socrates：　Not　to　be　for　ever　seated　like　a　slave；＇12＇　but；　with　Heaven's　help；　to　assume　the　attitude　of　a　true　mistress　standing　before　the　loom；　and　where　her　knowledge　gave　her　the　superiority；　bravely　to　give　the　aid　of　her　instruction；　where　her　knowledge　failed；　as　bravely　try　to　learn。　I　counselled　her　to　oversee　the　baking　woman　as　she　made　the　bread；　to　stand　beside　the　housekeeper　as　she　measured　out　her　stores；　to　go　tours　of　inspection　to　see　if　all　things　were　in　order　as　they　should　be。　For；　as　it　seemed　to　me；　this　would　at　once　be　walking　exercise　and　supervision。　And；　as　an　excellent　gymnastic；　I　recommended　her　to　knead　the　dough　and　roll　the　paste；　to　shake　the　coverlets　and　make　the　beds；　adding；　if　she　trained　herself　in　exercise　of　this　sort　she　would　enjoy　her　food；　grow　vigorous　in　health；　and　her　complexion　would　in　very　truth　be　lovelier。　The　very　look　and　aspect　of　the　wife；　the　mistress；　seen　in　rivalry　with　that　of　her　attendants；　being　as　she　is　at　once　more　fair＇13＇　and　more　beautifully　adorned；　has　an　attractive　charm；＇14＇　and　not　the　less　because　her　acts　are　acts　of　grace；　not　services　enforced。　Whereas　your　ordinary　fine　lady；　seated　in　solemn　state；　would　seem　to　court　comparison　with　painted　counterfeits　of　womanhood。

＇12＇　See　Becker；　p。　491。　Breit。；　etc。；　cf。　Nicostr。　ap。　Stob。　〃Tit。〃　　　　　lxxiv。　61。

＇13＇　Lit。　〃more　spotles〃；　〃like　a　diamond　of　purest　water。〃　Cf。　　　　　Shakesp。　〃Lucr。〃　394；　〃whose　perfect　white　Showed　like　an　April　　　　　daisy　in　the　grass。〃

＇14＇　Or；　〃is　wondrous　wooing；　and　all　the　more　with　this　addition；　　　　　hers　are　acts　of　grace；　theirs　services　enforced。〃

And；　Socrates；　I　would　have　you　know　that　still　to…day；　my　wife　is　living　in　a　style　as　simple　as　that　I　taught　her　then；　and　now　recount　to　you。



XI

The　conversation　was　resumed　as　follows：　Thanking　Ischomachus　for　what　he　had　told　me　about　the　occupations　of　his　wife；　on　that　side　I　have　heard　enough　（I　said）　perhaps　for　a　beginning；　the　facts　you　mention　reflect　the　greatest　credit　on　both　wife　and　husband；　but　would　you　now　in　turn　describe　to　me　your　work　and　business？　In　doing　so　you　will　have　the　pleasure　of　narrating　the　reason　of　your　fame。　And　I；　for　my　part；　when　I　have　heard　from　end　to　end　the　story　of　a　beautiful　and　good　man's　works；　if　only　my　wits　suffice　and　I　have　understood　it；　shall　be　much　indebted。

Indeed　（replied　Ischomachus）；　it　will　give　me　the　greatest　pleasure　to　recount　to　you　my　daily　occupations；　and　in　return