友情提示:如果本网页打开太慢或显示不完整,请尝试鼠标右键“刷新”本网页!
the economist-第21部分
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完,想下次继续接着阅读,可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能!
Generals; too; will differ (he proceeded); the one sort from the other; in this very quality。 Here you have a leader who; incapable of kindling a zest for toil and love of hairbreadth 'scapes; is apt to engender in his followers that base spirit which neither deigns nor chooses to obey; except under compulsion。 They even pride and plume themselves;'5' the cowards; on their opposition to their leader; this same leader who; in the end; will make his men insensible to shame even in presence of most foul mishap。 On the other hand; put at their head another stamp of general: one who is by right divine'6' a leader; good and brave; a man of scientific knowledge。 Let him take over to his charge those malcontents; or others even of worse character; and he will have them presently ashamed of doing a disgraceful deed。 〃It is nobler to obey〃 will be their maxim。 They will exult in personal obedience and in common toil; where toil is needed; cheerily performed。 For just as an unurged zeal for voluntary service'7' may at times invade; we know; the breasts of private soldiers; so may like love of toil with emulous longing to achieve great deeds of valour under the eyes of their commander; be implanted in whole armies by good officers。
'5' Lit。 〃magnify themselves。〃 See 〃Ages。〃 x。 2; 〃Pol。 Lac。〃 viii。 2。
'6' Or; 〃god…like;〃 〃with something more than human in him。〃 See Hom。 〃Il。〃 xxiv。 259:
{oude eokei andros ge thnetou pais emmenai alla theoio。}
〃Od。〃 iv。 691; {theioi basilees}。 Cf。 Carlyle; 〃Heroes〃; Plat。 〃Meno;〃 99 D: Soc。 〃And may we not; Meno; truly call those men divine who; having no understanding; yet succeed in many a grand deed and word?〃 And below: Soc。 〃And the women too; Meno; call good men divine; and the Spartans; when they praise a good man; say; 'that he is a divine man'〃 (Jowett)。 Arist。 〃Eth。 N。〃 vii。 1: 〃That virtue which transcends the human; and which is of an heroic or godlike type; such as Priam; in the poems of Homer; ascribes to Hector; when wishing to speak of his great goodness:
Not woman…born seemed he; but sprung from gods。〃
And below: 〃And exactly as it is a rare thing to find a man of godlike natureto use the expression of the Spartans; 'a godlike man;' which they apply to those whom they expressively admireso; too; brutality is a type of character rarely found among men〃 (Robert Williams)。
'7' Reading {etheloponia tis}; or if {philoponia}; transl。 〃just as some strange delight in labour may quicken in the heart of many an individual soldier。〃 See 〃Anab。〃 IV。 vii。 11。
Happy must that leader be whose followers are thus attached to him: beyond all others he will prove a stout and strong commander。 And by strong; I mean; not one so hale of body as to tower above the stoutest of the soldiery themselves; no; nor him whose skill to hurl a javelin or shoot an arrow will outshine the skilfullest; nor yet that mounted on the fleetest charger it shall be his to bear the brunt of danger foremost amid the knightliest horsemen; the nimblest of light infantry。 No; not these; but who is able to implant a firm persuasion in the minds of all his soldiers: follow him they must and will through fire; if need be; or into the jaws of death。'8'
'8' Or; 〃through flood and fire or other desperate strait。〃 Cf。 〃Anab。〃 II。 vi。 8。
Lofty of soul and large of judgment'9' may he be designated justly; at whose back there steps a multitude stirred by his sole sentiment; not unreasonably may he be said to march 〃with a mighty arm;〃'10' to whose will a thousand willing hands are prompt to minister; a great man in every deed he is who can achieve great ends by resolution rather than brute force。
'9' See 〃Ages。〃 ix。 6; 〃of how lofty a sentiment。〃
'10' See Herod。 vii。 20; 157; Thuc。 iii。 96。
So; too; within the field of private industry; the person in authority; be it the bailiff; be it the overseer;'11' provided he is able to produce unflinching energy; intense and eager; for the work; belongs to those who haste to overtake good things'12' and reap great plenty。 Should the master (he proceeded); being a man possessed of so much power; Socrates; to injure the bad workman and reward the zealous should he suddenly appear; and should his appearance in the labour field produce no visible effect upon his workpeople; I cannot say I envy or admire him。 But if the sight of him is followed by a stir of movement; if there come upon'13' each labourer fresh spirit; with mutual rivaly and keen ambition; drawing out the finest qualities of each;'14' of him I should say; Behold a man of kingly disposition。 And this; if I mistake not; is the quality of greatest import in every operation which needs the instrumentality of man; but most of all; perhaps; in agriculture。 Not that I would maintain that it is a thing to be lightly learnt by a glance of the eye; or hearsay fashion; as a tale that is told。 Far from it; I assert that he who is to have this power has need of education; he must have at bottom a good natural disposition; and; what is greatest of all; he must be himself a god… like being。'15' For if I rightly understand this blessed gift; this faculty of command over willing followers; by no means is it; in its entirety; a merely human quality; but it is in part divine。 It is a gift plainly given to those truly initiated'16' in the mystery of self…command。 Whereas despotism over unwilling slaves; the heavenly ones give; as it seems to me; to those whom they deem worthy to live the life of Tantalus in Hades; of whom it is written'17' 〃he consumes unending days in apprehension of a second death。〃
'11' According to Sturz; 〃Lex。〃 s。v。; the {epitropos} is (as a rule; see 〃Mem。〃 II。 viii。) a slave or freedman; the {epistates} a free man。 See 〃Mem。〃 III。 v。 18。
'12' Apparently a homely formula; like 〃make hay whilst the sun shines;〃 〃a stitch in time saves nine。〃
'13' Cf。 Hom。 〃Il。〃 ix。 436; xvii。 625; 〃Hell。〃 VII。 i。 31。
'14' Reading {kratiste ousa}; or if with Heindorf; {kratisteusai}; transl。 〃to prove himself the best。〃
'15' See 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 i。 3; Grote; 〃Plato;〃 vol。 iii。 571。
'16' See Plat。 〃Phaed。〃 69 C; Xen。 〃Symp。〃 i。 10。
'17' Or; 〃it is said。〃 See Eur。 〃Orest。〃 5; and Porson ad loc。
End
快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
温馨提示: 温看小说的同时发表评论,说出自己的看法和其它小伙伴们分享也不错哦!发表书评还可以获得积分和经验奖励,认真写原创书评 被采纳为精评可以获得大量金币、积分和经验奖励哦!