the economist-第5部分

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ns　of　thousands。　And　this　also　I　deem　a　great　testimony　to　a　ruler's　worth；　that　his　followers　follow　him　of　their　own　free　will；　and　when　the　moment　of　danger　comes　refuse　to　part　from　him。＇13＇　Now　this　was　the　case　with　Cyrus。　His　friends　not　only　fought　their　battles　side　by　side　with　him　while　he　lived；　but　when　he　died　they　too　died　battling　around　his　dead　body；　one　and　all；　excepting　only　Ariaeus；　who　was　absent　at　his　post　on　the　left　wing　of　the　army。＇14＇　But　there　is　another　tale　of　this　same　Cyrus　in　connection　with　Lysander；　who　himself　narrated　it　on　one　occasion　to　a　friend　of　his　in　Megara。＇15＇

＇12＇　Cf。　〃Anab。〃　I。　ix。　29　foll。

＇13＇　Cf。　〃Hiero；〃　xi。　12；　and　our　author　passim。

＇14＇　See　〃Anab。〃　ib。　31。

＇15＇　Possibly　to　Xenophon　himself　｛who　may　have　met　Lysander　on　his　　　　　way　back　after　the　events　of　the　〃Anabasis；〃　and　implying　this　　　　　dialogue　is　concocted；　since　Socrates　died　before　Xenophon　　　　　returned　to　Athens；　if　he　did　return　at　that　period。｝

Lysander；　it　seems；　had　gone　with　presents　sent　by　the　Allies　to　Cyrus；　who　entertained　him；　and　amongst　other　marks　of　courtesy　showed　him　his　〃paradise〃　at　Sardis。＇16＇　Lysander　was　astonished　at　the　beauty　of　the　trees　within；　all　planted＇17＇　at　equal　intervals；　the　long　straight　rows　of　waving　branches；　the　perfect　regularity；　the　rectangular＇18＇　symmetry　of　the　whole；　and　the　many　sweet　scents　which　hung　about　them　as　they　paced　the　park。　In　admiration　he　exclaimed　to　Cyrus：　〃All　this　beauty　is　marvellous　enough；　but　what　astonishes　me　still　more　is　the　talent　of　the　artificer　who　mapped　out　and　arranged　for　you　the　several　parts　of　this　fair　scene。〃＇19＇　Cyrus　was　pleased　by　the　remark；　and　said：　〃Know　then；　Lysander；　it　is　I　who　measured　and　arranged　it　all。　Some　of　the　trees；〃　he　added；　〃I　planted　with　my　own　hands。〃　Then　Lysander；　regarding　earnestly　the　speaker；　when　he　saw　the　beauty　of　his　apparel　and　perceived　its　fragrance；　the　splendour＇20＇　also　of　the　necklaces　and　armlets；　and　other　ornaments　which　he　wore；　exclaimed：　〃What　say　you；　Cyrus？　did　you　with　your　own　hands　plant　some　of　these　trees？〃　whereat　the　other：　〃Does　that　surprise　you；　Lysander？　I　swear　to　you　by　Mithres；＇21＇　when　in　ordinary　health　I　never　dream　of　sitting　down　to　supper　without　first　practising　some　exercise　of　war　or　husbandry　in　the　sweat　of　my　brow；　or　venturing　some　strife　of　honour；　as　suits　my　mood。〃　〃On　hearing　this；〃　said　Lysander　to　his　friend；　〃I　could　not　help　seizing　him　by　the　hand　and　exclaiming；　'Cyrus；　you　have　indeed　good　right　to　be　a　happy　man；＇22＇　since　you　are　happy　in　being　a　good　man。'〃＇23＇

＇16＇　See　〃Hell。〃　I。　v。　1。

＇17＇　Reading　｛oi'　isou　pephuteumena｝；　or　if　｛ta　pephuteumena｝；　transl。　　　　　〃the　various　plants　ranged。〃

＇18＇　Cf。　Dion。　Hal。　〃de　Comp。〃　p。　170；　Cic。　〃de　Senect。〃　S。　59。

＇19＇　Lit。　〃of　these〃　｛deiktikos｝；　i。e。　pointing　to　the　various　　　　　beauties　of　the　scenery。

＇20＇　Reading　｛to　kallos｝。

＇21＇　The　Persian　〃Sun…God。〃　See　〃Cyrop。〃　VII。　v。　53；　Strab。　xv。　3。　13。

＇22＇　Or；　〃fortunate。〃

＇23＇　Or；　〃you　are　a　good　man；　and　thereby　fortunate。〃



V

All　this　I　relate　to　you　（continued　Socrates）　to　show　you　that　quite　high　and　mighty＇1＇　people　find　it　hard　to　hold　aloof　from　agrictulture；　devotion　to　which　art　would　seem　to　be　thrice　blest；　combining　as　it　does　a　certain　sense　of　luxury　with　the　satisfaction　of　an　improved　estate；　and　such　a　training　of　physical　energies　as　shall　fit　a　man　to　play　a　free　man's　part。＇2＇　Earth；　in　the　first　place；　freely　offers　to　those　that　labour　all　things　necessary　to　the　life　of　man；　and；　as　if　that　were　not　enough；　makes　further　contribution　of　a　thousand　luxuries。＇3＇　It　is　she　who　supplies　with　sweetest　scent　and　fairest　show　all　things　wherewith　to　adorn　the　altars　and　statues　of　the　gods；　or　deck　man's　person。　It　is　to　her　we　owe　our　many　delicacies　of　flesh　or　fowl　or　vegetable　growth；＇4＇　since　with　the　tillage　of　the　soil　is　closely　linked　the　art　of　breeding　sheep　and　cattle；　whereby　we　mortals　may　offer　sacrifices　well　pleasing　to　the　gods；　and　satisfy　our　personal　needs　withal。

＇1＇　Lit。　〃Not　even　the　most　blessed　of　mankind　can　abstain　from。〃　See　　　　　Plat。　〃Rep。〃　344　B；　〃The　superlatively　best　and　well…to…do。〃

＇2＇　Lit。　〃Devotion　to　it　would　seem　to　be　at　once　a　kind　of　luxury；　an　　　　　increase　of　estate；　a　training　of　the　bodily　parts；　so　that　a　man　　　　　is　able　to　perform　all　that　a　free　man　should。〃

＇3＇　Al。　〃and　further；　to　the　maintenance　of　life　she　adds　the　sources　　　　　of　pleasure　in　life。〃

＇4＇　Lit。　〃she　bears　these　and　rears　those。〃

And　albeit　she；　good　cateress；　pours　out　her　blessings　upon　us　in　abundance；　yet　she　suffers　not　her　gifts　to　be　received　effeminately；　but　inures　her　pensioners　to　suffer　glady　summer's　heat　and　winter's　cold。　Those　that　labour　with　their　hands；　the　actual　delvers　of　the　soil；　she　trains　in　a　wrestling　school　of　her　own；　adding　strength　to　strength；　whilst　those　others　whose　devotion　is　confined　to　the　overseeing　eye　and　to　studious　thought；　she　makes　more　manly；　rousing　them　with　cock…crow；　and　compelling　them　to　be　up　and　doing　in　many　a　long　day's　march。＇5＇　Since；　whether　in　city　or　afield；　with　the　shifting　seasons　each　necessary　labour　has　its　hour　of　performance。＇6＇

＇5＇　See　〃Hellenica　Essays；〃　p。　341。

＇6＇　Lit。　〃each　most　necessary　operation　must　ever　be　in　season。〃

Or　to　turn　to　another　side。　Suppose　it　to　be　a　man's　ambition　to　aid　his　city　as　a　trooper　mounted　on　a　charger　of　his　own：　why　not　combine　the　rearing　of　horses　with　other　stock？　it　is　the　farmer's　chance。＇7＇　Or　would　your　citizen　serve　on　foot？　It　is　husbandry　that　shall　give　him　robustness　of　body。　Or　if　we　turn　to　the　toil…loving　fascination　of　the　chase；＇8＇　here　once　more　earth　adds　incitement；　as　well　as　furnishing　facility　of　sustenance　for　the　dogs　as　by　nurturing　a　foster　brood　of　wild　animals。　And　if　horses　and　dogs　derive　benefit　from　this　art　of　husbandry；　they　in　turn　requite　the　boon　through　service　rendered　to　the　farm。　The　horse　carries　his　best　of　friends；　the　careful　master；　betimes　to　the　scene　of　labour　and　devotion；　and　enables　him　to　leave　it　late。　The　dog　keeps　off　the　depredations　of　wild　animals　from　fruits　and　flocks；　and　creates　security　in　the　solitary　place。

＇7＇　Lit。　〃farming　is　best　adapted　to　rearing　horses　along　with　other　　　　　produce。〃

＇8＇　Lit。　〃to　labour　willingly　and　earnestly　at　hunting　earth　helps　to　　　　　incite　us　somewhat。〃

Earth；　too；　adds　stimulus　in　war…time　to　earth's　tillers；　she　pricks　them　on　to　aid　the　country　under　arms；　and　this　she　does　by　fostering　her　fruits　in　open　field；　the　prize　of　valour　for　the　mightiest。＇9＇　For　this　also　is　the　art　athletic；　this　of　husbandry；　as　thereby　men　are　fitted　to　run；　and　hurl　the　spear；　and　leap　with　the　best。＇10＇

＇9＇　Cf。　〃Hipparch；〃　viii。　8。

＇10＇　Cf。　〃Hunting；〃　xii。　1　foll。

This；　too；　is　that　kindliest　of　arts　which　makes　requital　tenfold　in　kind　for　every　work　of　the　labourer。＇11＇　She　is　the　sweet　mistress　who；　with　smile　of　welcome　and　outstretched　hand；　greets　the　approach　of　her　devoted　one；　seeming　to　say；　Take　from　me　all　thy　heart's　desire。　She　is　the　generous　hostess；　she　keeps　open　house　for　the　stranger。＇12＇　For　where　else；　save　in　some　happy　rural　seat　of　her　devising；　shall　a　man　more　cheerily　cherish　content　in　winter；　with　bubbling　bath　and　blazing　fire？　or　where；　save　afield；　in　summer　rest　more　sweetly；lulled　by　babbling　streams；　soft　airs；　and　tender　shades？＇13＇

＇11＇　Lit。　〃What　art　makes　an　ampler　return　for　their　labour　to　those　　　　　who　work　for　her？　What　art　more　sweetly　welcomes　him　that　is　　　　　devoted　to　her？〃

＇12＇　Lit。　〃What　art　welcomes　the　stranger　with　greater　prodigality？〃

＇13＇　See　〃Hellenica　Essays；〃　p。　380；　and　as　still　more　to　the　point；　　　　　Cowley's　Essays：　〃Of　Agriculture；〃　passim。

Her　high　prerogative　it　is　to　offer　fitting　first…fruits　to　high　heaven；　hers　to　furnish　forth　the　overflowing　festal　board。＇14＇　Hers　is　a　kindly　presence　in　the　household。　She　is　the　good　wife's　favourite；　the　children　long　for　her；　she　waves　her　hand　winningly　to　the　master's　friends。

＇14＇　Or；　〃to　appoint　the　festal　board　most　bounteously。〃

For　myself；　I　marvel　greatly　if　it　has　ever　fallen　to　the　lot　of　freeborn　man　to　own　a　choicer　possesion；　or　to　discover　an　occupation　more　seductive；　or　of　wider　usefulness　in　life　than　this。

But；　furthermore；　earth　of　her　own　will＇15＇　gives　lessons　in　justice　and　uprightness　to　all　who　can　understand　her　meaning；　since　the　nobler　the　service　of　devotion　rendered；　the　ampler　the　riches　of　her　recompense。＇16＇　One　day；　perchance；　these　pupils　of　hers；　whose　conversation　in　past　times　was　in　husbandry；＇17＇　shall；　by　reason　of　the　multitude　of　invading　armies；　be　ousted　from　their　labours。　The　work　of　their　hands　may　indeed　be　snatched　from　them；　but　they　were　brought　up　in　stout　and　manly　fashion。　They　stand；　each　one　of　them；　in　body　and　soul　equipped；　and；　save　God　himself　shall　hinder　them；　they　will　march　into　the　territory　of　those　their　human　hinderers；　and　take　from　them　the　wherewithal　to　support　their　lives。　Since　often　enough　in　war　it　is　surer　and　safer　to　quest　for　food　with　sword　and　buckler　than　with　all　the　instruments　of　husbandry。

＇15＇　Reading　｛thelousa｝；　vulg。；　or　if　after　Cobet；　｛theos　ousa｝；　　　　　transl。　〃by　sanction　of　her　divinity。〃　With　｛thelousa｝　Holden　　　　　aptly　compares　Virgil's　〃volentia　rura；〃　〃Georg。〃　ii。　500。

＇16＇　〃That　is；　her　'lex　talionis。'〃

＇17＇　〃Engaged　long　time　in　husbandry。〃

But　there　is　yet　another　lesson　to　be　learnt　in　the　public　shool　of　husbandry＇18＇the　lesson　of　mutual　assistance。　〃Shoulder　to　shoulder〃　must　we　march　to　meet　the　invader；＇19＇　〃shoulder　to　shoulder〃　stand　to　compass　the　tillage　of　the　soil。　Therefore　it　is　that　the　husbandman；　who　means　to　win　in　his　avocation；　must　see　that　he　creates　enthusiasm　in　his　workpeople　and　a　spirit　of　ready　obedience；　which　is　just　what　a　general　attacking　an　enemy　will　scheme　to　bring　about；　when　he　deals　out　gifts　to　the　brave　and　castigation＇20＇　to　those　who　are　disorderly。

＇18＇　Lit。　〃But　again；　husbandry　trains　up　her　scholars　side　by　side　in　　　　　lessons　of　。　。　。〃

＇19＇　｛sun　anthropois｝；　〃man　with　his　fellow…man；〃　is　the　〃mot　d'order〃　　　　　（cf。　the　author's　favourite　｛sun　theois｝）；　〃united　hum