pericles-第7部分

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introduced　Pericles　asking　after　his　safety；　and　Myronides　replying…

　　　　　　　　〃My　son？〃　〃He　lives：　a　man　he　had　been　long；
　　　　　　　　　But　that　the　harlot…mother　did　him　wrong。〃

Aspasia；　they　say；　became　so　celebrated　and　renowned；　that　Cyrus；　also
who　made　war　against　Artaxerxes　for　the　Persian　monarchy；　gave　her
whom　he　loved　the　best　of　all　his　concubines　the　name　of　Aspasia；
who　before　that　was　called　Milto。　She　was　a　Phocaean　by　birth；　the
daughter　of　one　Hermotimus；　and；　when　Cyrus　fell　in　battle；　was
carried　to　the　king；　and　had　great　influence　at　court。　These　things
coming　into　my　memory　as　I　am　writing　this　story；　it　would　be
unnatural　for　me　to　omit　them。
　　Pericles；　however；　was　particularly　charged　with　having　proposed
to　the　assembly　the　war　against　the　Samians；　from　favour　to　the
Milesians；　upon　the　entreaty　of　Aspasia。　For　the　two　states　were　at
war　for　the　possession　of　Priene；　and　the　Samians；　getting　the　better；
refused　to　lay　down　their　arms　and　to　have　the　controversy　betwixt
them　decided　by　arbitration　before　the　Athenians。　Pericles；　therefore；
fitting　out　a　fleet；　went　and　broke　up　the　oligarchical　government
at　Samos；　and　taking　fifty　of　the　principal　men　of　the　town　as
hostages；　and　as　many　of　their　children；　sent　them　to　the　isle　of
Lemnos；　there　to　be　kept；　though　he　had　offers；　as　some　relate；　of　a
talent　apiece　for　himself　from　each　one　of　the　hostages；　and　of　many
other　presents　from　those　who　were　anxious　not　to　have　a　democracy。
Moreover；　Pisuthnes　the　Persian；　one　of　the　king's　lieutenants；
bearing　some　good…will　to　the　Samians；　sent　him　ten　thousand　pieces　of
gold　to　excuse　the　city。　Pericles；　however；　would　receive　none　of
all　this；　but　after　he　had　taken　that　course　with　the　Samians　which　he
thought　fit；　and　set　up　a　democracy　among　them；　sailed　back　to　Athens。
　　But　they；　however；　immediately　revolted；　Pisuthnes　having　privily
got　away　their　hostages　for　them；　and　provided　them　with　means　for　the
war。　Whereupon　Pericles　came　out　with　a　fleet　a　second　time　against
them；　and　found　them　not　idle　nor　slinking　away；　but　manfully　resolved
to　try　for　the　dominion　of　the　sea。　The　issue　was；　that　after　a
sharp　sea…fight　about　the　island　called　Tragia；　Pericles　obtained　a
decisive　victory；　having　with　forty…four　ships　routed　seventy　of　the
enemy's；　twenty　of　which　were　carrying　soldiers。
　　Together　with　his　victory　and　pursuit；　having　made　himself　master　of
the　port；　he　laid　siege　to　the　Samians；　and　blocked　them　up；　who
yet；　one　way　or　another；　still　ventured　to　make　sallies；　and　fight
under　the　city　walls。　But　after　that　another　greater　fleet　from　Athens
was　arrived；　and　that　the　Samians　were　now　shut　up　with　a　close
leaguer　on　every　side；　Pericles；　taking　with　him　sixty　galleys；　sailed
out　into　the　main　sea；　with　the　intention；　as　most　authors　give　the
account；　to　meet　a　squadron　of　Phoenician　ships　that　were　coming　for
the　Samians'　relief；　and　to　fight　them　at　as　great　distance　as　could
be　from　the　island；　but；　as　Stesimbrotus　says；　with　a　design　of
putting　over　to　Cyprus；　which　does　not　seem　to　be　probable。　But；
whichever　of　the　two　was　his　intention；　it　seems　to　have　been　a
miscalculation。　For　on　his　departure；　Melissus；　the　son　of
Ithagenes；　a　philosopher；　being　at　that　time　the　general　in　Samos；
despising　either　the　small　number　of　the　ships　that　were　left　or　the
inexperience　of　the　commanders；　prevailed　with　the　citizens　to
attack　the　Athenians。　And　the　Samians　having　won　the　battle；　and　taken
several　of　the　men　prisoners；　and　disabled　several　of　the　ships；
were　masters　of　the　sea；　and　brought　into　port　all　necessaries　they
wanted　for　the　war；　which　they　had　not　before。　Aristotle　says；　too；
that　Pericles　had　been　once　before　this　worsted　by　this　Melissus　in
a　sea…fight。
　　The　Samians；　that　they　might　requite　an　affront　which　had　before
been　put　upon　them；　branded　the　Athenians；　whom　they　took　prisoners；
in　their　foreheads；　with　the　figure　of　an　owl。　For　so　the　Athenians
had　marked　them　before　with　a　Samaena；　which　is　a　sort　of　ship；　low
and　flat　in　the　prow；　so　as　to　look　snub…nosed；　but　wide　and　large　and
well…spread　in　the　hold；　by　which　it　both　carries　a　large　cargo　and
sails　well。　And　it　was　so　called；　because　the　first　of　that　kind　was
seen　at　Samos；　having　been　built　by　order　of　Polycrates　the　tyrant。
These　brands　upon　the　Samians'　foreheads；　they　say；　are　the　allusion
in　the　passage　of　Aristophanes；　where　he　says…

　　　　　　　　〃For；　oh；　the　Samians　are　a　lettered　people。〃

　　Pericles；　as　soon　as　news　was　brought　him　of　the　disaster　that　had
befallen　his　army；　made　all　the　haste　he　could　to　come　in　to　their
relief；　and　having　defeated　Melissus；　who　bore　up　against　him；　and　put
the　enemy　to　flight；　he　immediately　proceeded　to　hem　them　in　with　a
wall；　resolving　to　master　them　and　take　the　town；　rather　with　some
cost　and　time　than　with　the　wounds　and　hazards　of　his　citizens。　But　as
it　was　a　hard　matter　to　keep　back　the　Athenians；　who　were　vexed　at　the
delay；　and　were　eagerly　bent　to　fight；　he　divided　the　whole
multitude　into　eight　parts；　and　arranged　by　lot　that　that　part　which
had　the　white　bean　should　have　leave　to　feast　and　take　their　ease
while　the　other　seven　were　fighting。　And　this　is　the　reason；　they　say；
that　people；　when　at　any　time　they　have　been　merry；　and　enjoyed
themselves；　called　it　white　day；　in　allusion　to　this　white　bean。
　　Ephorus　the　historian　tells　us　besides；　that　Pericles　made　use　of
engines　of　battery　in　this　siege；　being　much　taken　with　the
curiousness　of　the　invention；　with　the　aid　and　presence　of　Artemon
himself；　the　engineer；　who；　being　lame；　used　to　be　carried　about　in
a　litter；　where　the　works　required　his　attendance；　and　for　that　reason
was　called　Periphoretus。　But　Heraclides　Ponticus　disproves　this　out　of
Anacreon's　poems；　where　mention　is　made　of　this　Artemon　Periphoretus
several　ages　before　the　Samian　war；　or　any　of　these　occurrences。　And
he　says　that　Artemon；　being　a　man　who　loved　his　ease；　and　had　a
great　apprehension　of　danger；　for　the　most　part　kept　close　within
doors；　having　two　of　his　servants　to　hold　a　brazen　shield　over　his
head；　that　nothing　might　fall　upon　him　from　above；　and　if　he　were　at
any　time　forced　upon　necessity　to　go　abroad；　that　he　was　carried　about
in　a　little　hanging　bed；　close　to　the　very　ground；　and　that　for　this
reason　he　was　called　Periphoretus。
　　In　the　ninth　month；　the　Samians　surrendering　themselves　and
delivering　up　the　town；　Pericles　pulled　down　their　walls；　and　seized
their　shipping；　and　set　a　fine　of　a　large　sum　of　money　upon　them；　part
of　which　they　paid　down　at　once；　and　they　agreed　to　bring　in　the
rest　by　a　certain　time；　and　gave　hostages　for　security。　Duris　the
Samian　makes　a　tragical　drama　out　of　these　events；　charging　the
Athenians　and　Pericles　with　a　great　deal　of　cruelty；　which　neither
Thucydides；　nor　Ephorus；　nor　Aristotle　have　given　any　relation　of；　and
probably　with　little　regard　to　truth；　how；　for　example；　he　brought　the
captains　and　soldiers　of　the　alleys　into　the　market…place　at
Miletus；　and　there　having　bound　them　fast　to　boards　for　ten　days；
then；　when　they　were　already　all　but　half　dead；　gave　order　to　have
them　killed　by　beating　out　their　brains　with　clubs；　and　their　dead
bodies　to　be　flung　out　into　the　open　streets　and　fields；　unburied。
Duris　however；　who；　even　where　he　has　no　private　feeling　concerned；　is
not　wont　to　keep　his　narratives　within　the　limits　of　truth；　is　the
more　likely　upon　this　occasion　to　have　exaggerated　the　calamities
which　befell　his　country；　to　create　odium　against　the　Athenians。
Pericles　however；　after　the　reduction　of　Samos；　returning　back　to
Athens；　took　care　that　those　who　died　in　the　war　should　be
honourably　buried；　and　made　a　funeral　harangue；　as　the　custom　is；　in
their　commendation　at　their　graves；　for　which　he　gained　great
admiration。　As　he　came　down　from　the　stage　on　which　he　spoke；　the　rest
of　the　women　came　and　complimented　him；　taking　him　by　the　hand；　and
crowning　him　with　garlands　and　ribbons；　like　a　victorious　athlete　in
the　games；　but　Elpinice；　coming　near　to　him；　said；　〃These　are　brave
deeds；　Pericles；　that　you　have　done；　and　such　as　deserve　our　chaplets；
who　have　lost　us　many　a　worthy　citizen；　not　in　a　war　with
Phoenicians　or　Medes；　like　my　brother　Cimon；　but　for　the　overthrow
of　an　allied　and　kindred　city。〃　As　Elpinice　spoke　these　words；　he；
smiling　quietly；　as　it　is　said；　returned　her　answer　with　this　verse：…

　　　　　　　　〃Old　women　should　not　seek　to　be　perfumed。〃

Ion　says　of　him；　that　upon　this　exploit　of　his；　conquering　the
Samians；　he　indulged　very　high　and　proud　thoughts　of　himself：
whereas　Agamemnon　was　ten　years　taking　a　barbarous　city；　he　had　in
nine　months'　time　vanquished　and　taken　the　greatest　and　most
powerful　of　the　Ionians。　And　indeed　it　was　not　without　reason　that
he　assumed　this　glory　to　himself；　for；　in　real　truth；　there　was　much
uncertainty　and　great　hazard　in　this　great　war；　if　so　be；　as
Thucydides　tells　us；　the　Samian　state　were　within　a　very　little　of
wresting　the　whole　power　and　dominion　of　the　sea　out　of　the　Athenians'
hands。
　　After　this　was　over；　the　Peloponnesian　war　beginning　to　break　out　in
full　tide；　he　advised　the　people　to　send　help　to　the　Corcyraeans；
who　were　attacked　by　the　Corinthians；　and　to　secure　to　themselves　an
island　possessed　of　great　naval　resources；　since　the　Peloponnesians
were　already　all　but　in　actual　hostilities　against　them。　The　people
readily　consenting　to　the　motion；　and　voting　an　aid　and　succour　for
them；　he　despatched　Lacedaemonius；　Cimon's　son；　having　only　ten
ships　with　him；　as　it　were　out　of　a　design　to　affront　him；　for　there
was　a　great　kindness　and　friendship　betwixt　Cimon's　family　and　the
Lacedaemonians；　so；　in　order　that　Lacedaemonius　might　lie　the　more
open　to　a　charge；　or　suspicion　at　least；　of　favouring　the
Lacedaemonians　and　playing　false；　if　he　performed　no　considerable
exploit　in　this　service；　he　allowed　him　a　small　number　of　ships；　and
sent　him　out　against　his　will；　and　indeed　he　made　it　somewhat　his
business　to　hinder　Cimon's　sons　from　rising　in　the　state；　professing
that　by　their　very　names　they　were　not　to　be　looked　upon　as　native　and
true　Athenians；　but　foreigners