theseus-第5部分

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courage　and　resolution；　chose　rather　to　be　persuaded　than　forced
into　a　compliance。　He　then　dissolved　all　the　distinct　statehouses；
council　halls；　and　magistracies；　and　built　one　common　state…house
and　council　hall　on　the　site　of　the　present　upper　town；　and　gave　the
name　of　Athens　to　the　whole　state；　ordaining　a　common　feast　and
sacrifice；　which　he　called　Panathenaea；　or　the　sacrifice　of　all　the
united　Athenians。　He　instituted　also　another　sacrifice　called
Metoecia；　or　Feast　of　Migration；　which　is　yet　celebrated　on　the
sixteenth　day　of　　　　　　　　Hecatombaeon。　Then；　as　he　had　promised；　he
laid　down　his　regal　power　and　proceeded　to　order　a　commonwealth；
entering　upon　this　great　work　not　without　advice　from　the　gods。　For
having　sent　to　consult　the　oracle　of　Delphi　concerning　the　fortune
of　his　new　government　and　city；　he　received　this　answer：…

　　　　　　　　〃Son　of　the　Pitthean　maid；
　　　　　　　　To　your　town　the　terms　and　fates；
　　　　　　　　My　father　gives　of　many　states。
　　　　　　　　Be　not　anxious　nor　afraid；
　　　　　　　　The　bladder　will　not　fail　to　swim
　　　　　　　　On　the　waves　that　compass　him。〃

Which　oracle；　they　say；　one　of　the　sibyls　long　after　did　in　a　manner
repeat　to　the　Athenians；　in　this　verse：…

　　　　　　　　〃The　bladder　may　be　dipt；　but　not　be　drowned。〃

Farther　yet　designing　to　enlarge　his　city；　he　invited　all　strangers　to
come　and　enjoy　equal　privileges　with　the　natives；　and　it　is　said
that　the　common　form；　Come　hither；　all　ye　people；　was　the　words　that
Theseus　proclaimed　when　he　thus　set　up　a　commonwealth；　in　a　manner；
for　all　nations。　Yet　he　did　not　suffer　his　state；　by　the　promiscuous
multitude　that　flowed　in；　to　be　turned　into　confusion　and　he　left
without　any　order　or　degree；　but　was　the　first　that　divided　the
Commonwealth　into　three　distinct　ranks；　the　noblemen；　the
husbandmen；　and　artificers。　To　the　nobility　he　committed　the　care　of
religion；　the　choice　of　magistrates；　the　teaching　and　dispensing　of
the　laws；　and　interpretation　and　direction　in　all　sacred　matters；
the　whole　city　being；　as　it　were；　reduced　to　an　exact　equality；　the
nobles　excelling　the　rest　in　honour；　the　husbandmen　in　profit；　and　the
artificers　in　number。　And　that　Theseus　was　the　first；　who；　as
Aristotle　says；　out　of　an　inclination　to　popular　government；　parted
with　the　regal　power；　Homer　also　seems　to　testify；　in　his　catalogue　of
the　ships；　where　he　gives　the　name　of　People　to　the　Athenians　only。
　　He　also　coined　money；　and　stamped　it　with　the　image　of　an　ox；　either
in　memory　of　the　Marathonian　bull；　or　of　Taurus；　whom　he　vanquished；
or　else　to　put　his　people　in　mind　to　follow　husbandry；　and　from　this
coin　came　the　expression　so　frequent　among　the　Greeks；　of　a　thing
being　worth　ten　or　a　hundred　oxen。　After　this　he　joined　Megara　to
Attica；　and　erected　that　famous　pillar　on　the　Isthmus；　which　bears
an　inscription　of　two　lines；　showing　the　bounds　of　the　two　countries
that　meet　there。　On　the　east　side　the　inscription　is；…

　　　　　　　　〃Peloponnesus　there；　Ionia　here〃

and　on　the　west　side；…

　　　　　　　　〃Peloponnesus　here；　Ionia　there。〃

He　also　instituted　the　games；　in　emulation　of　Hercules；　being
ambitious　that　as　the　Greeks；　by　that　hero's　appointment；　celebrated
the　Olympian　games　to　the　honour　of　Jupiter；　so　by　his　institution；
they　should　celebrate　the　Isthmian　to　the　honour　of　Neptune。　For　those
that　were　there　before　observed；　dedicated　to　Melicerta；　were
performed　privately　in　the　night；　and　had　the　form　rather　of　a
religious　rite　than　of　an　open　spectacle　or　public　feast。　There　are
some　who　say　that　the　Isthmian　games　were　first　instituted　in　memory
of　Sciron；　Theseus　thus　making　expiation　for　his　death；　upon　account
of　the　nearness　of　kindred　between　them；　Sciron　being　the　son　of
Canethus　and　Heniocha；　the　daughter　of　Pittheus；　though　others　write
that　Sinnis；　not　Sciron；　was　their　son；　and　that　to　his　honour；　and
not　to　the　other's；　these　games　were　ordained　by　Theseus。　At　the
same　time　he　made　an　agreement　with　the　Corinthians；　that　they
should　allow　those　that　came　from　Athens　to　the　celebration　of　the
Isthmian　games　as　much　space　of　honour　before　the　rest　to　behold　the
spectacle　in；　as　the　sail　of　the　ship　that　brought　them　thither
stretched　to　its　full　extent；　could　cover；　so　Hellanicus　and　Andro
of　Halicarnassus　have　established。
　　Concerning　his　voyage　into　the　Euxine　Sea；　Philochorus　and　some
others　write　that　he　made　it　with　Hercules；　offering　him　his　service
in　the　war　against　the　Amazons；　and　had　Antiope　given　him　for　the
reward　of　his　valour；　but　the　greater　number；　of　whom　are
Pherecydes；　Hellanicus；　and　Herodorus；　write　that　he　made　this
voyage　many　years　after　Hercules；　with　a　navy　under　his　own　command；
and　took　the　Amazon　prisoner…　the　more　probable　story；　for　we　do　not
read　that　any　other；　of　all　those　that　accompanied　him　in　this　action；
took　any　Amazon　prisoner。　Bion　adds；　that；　to　take　her；　he　had　to
use　deceit　and　fly　away；　for　the　Amazons；　he　says；　being　naturally
lovers　of　men；　were　so　far　from　avoiding　Theseus　when　he　touched
upon　their　coasts；　that　they　sent　him　presents　to　his　ship；　but　he；
having　invited　Antiope；　who　brought　them；　to　come　aboard；
immediately　set　sail　and　carried　her　away。　An　author　named　Menecrates；
that　wrote　the　History　of　Nicae　in　Bithynia；　adds；　that　Theseus；
having　Antiope　aboard　his　vessel；　cruised　for　some　time　about　those
coasts；　and　that　there　were　in　the　same　ship　three　young　men　of
Athens；　that　accompanied　him　in　this　voyage；　all　brothers；　whose　names
were　Euneos；　Thoas；　and　soloon。　The　last　of　these　fell　desperately
in　love　with　Antiope；　and；　escaping　the　notice　of　the　rest；　revealed
the　secret　only　to　one　of　his　most　intimate　acquaintances；　and
employed　him　to　disclose　his　passion　to　Antiope；　she　rejected　his
pretences　with　a　very　positive　denial；　yet　treated　the　matter　with
much　gentleness　and　discretion；　and　made　no　complaint　to　Theseus　of
anything　that　had　happened；　but　Soloon；　the　thing　being　desperate；
leaped　into　a　river　near　the　seaside　and　drowned　himself。　As　soon　as
Theseus　was　acquainted　with　his　death；　and　his　unhappy　love　that　was
the　cause　of　it；　he　was　extremely　distressed；　and；　in　the　height　of
his　grief；　an　oracle　which　he　had　formerly　received　at　Delphi　came
into　his　mind；　for　he　had　been　commanded　by　the　priestess　of　Apollo
Pythius；　that　wherever　in　a　strange　land　he　was　most　sorrowful　and
under　the　greatest　affliction；　he　should　build　a　city　there；　and　leave
some　of　his　followers　to　be　governors　of　the　place。　For　this　cause
he　there　founded　a　city；　which　he　called；　from　the　name　of　Apollo；
Pythopolis；　and；　in　honour　of　the　unfortunate　youth；　he　named　the
river　that　runs　by　it　Soloon；　and　left　the　two　surviving　brothers
intrusted　with　the　care　of　the　government　and　laws；　joining　with
them　Hermus；　one　of　the　nobility　of　Athens；　from　whom　a　place　in　the
city　is　called　the　House　of　Hermus；　though　by　an　error　in　the　accent
it　has　been　taken　for　the　House　of　Hermes；　or　Mercury；　and　the
honour　that　was　designed　to　the　hero；　transferred　to　the　god。
　　This　was　the　origin　and　cause　of　the　Amazonian　invasion　of　Attica；
which　would　seem　to　have　been　no　slight　or　womanish　enterprise。　For　it
is　impossible　that　they　should　have　placed　their　camp　in　the　very
city；　and　joined　battle　close　by　the　Pnyx　and　the　hill　called
Museum；　unless；　having　first　conquered　the　country　around　about；
they　had　thus　with　impunity　advanced　to　the　city。　That　they　made　so
long　a　journey　by　land；　and　passed　the　Cimmerian　Bosphorus；　when
frozen；　as　Hellanicus　writes；　is　difficult　to　be　believed。　That　they
encamped　all　but　in　the　city　is　certain；　and　may　be　sufficiently
confirmed　by　the　names　that　the　places　hereabout　yet　retain；　and　the
graves　and　monuments　of　those　that　fell　in　the　battle。　Both　armies
being　in　sight；　there　was　a　long　pause　and　doubt　on　each　side　which
should　give　the　first　onset；　at　last　Theseus；　having　sacrificed　to
Fear；　in　obedience　to　the　command　of　an　oracle　he　had　received；　gave
them　battle；　and　this　happened　in　the　month　of　Boedromion；　in　which　to
this　very　day　the　Athenians　celebrate　the　Feast　Boedromia。　Clidemus；
desirous　to　be　very　circumstantial；　writes　that　the　left　wing　of　the
Amazons　moved　towards　the　place　which　is　yet　called　Amazonium　and
the　right　towards　the　Pnyx；　near　Chrysa；　that　with　this　wing　the
Athenians；　issuing　from　behind　the　Museum；　engaged；　and　that　the
graves　of　those　that　were　slain　are　to　be　seen　in　the　street　that
leads　to　the　gate　called　the　Piraic；　by　the　chapel　of　the　hero
Chalcodon；　and　that　here　the　Athenians　were　routed；　and　gave　way
before　the　women；　as　far　as　to　the　temple　of　the　Furies；　but；　fresh
supplies　coming　in　from　the　Palladium；　Ardettus；　and　the　Lyceum；
they　charged　their　right　wing；　and　beat　them　back　into　their　tents；　in
which　action　a　great　number　of　the　Amazons　were　slain。　At　length；
after　four　months；　a　peace　was　concluded　between　them　by　the　mediation
of　Hippolyta　（for　so　this　historian　calls　the　Amazon　whom　Theseus
married；　and　not　Antiope）；　though　others　write　that　she　was　slain　with
a　dart　by　Molpadia；　while　fighting　by　Theseus's　side；　and　that　the
pillar　which　stands　by　the　temple　of　Olympian　Earth　was　erected　to　her
honour。　Nor　is　it　to　be　wondered　at；　that　in　events　of　such　antiquity；
history　should　be　in　disorder。　For　indeed　we　are　also　told　that
those　of　the　Amazons　that　were　wounded　were　privately　sent　away　by
Antiope　to　Chalcis；　where　many　by　her　care　recovered；　but　some　that
died　were　buried　there　in　the　place　that　is　to　this　time　called
Amazonium。　That　this　war；　however；　was　ended　by　a　treaty　is　evident；
both　from　the　name　of　the　place　adjoining　to　the　temple　of　Theseus；
called；　from　the　solemn　oath　there　taken；　Horcomosium；　and　also　from
the　ancient　sacrifice　which　used　to　be　celebrated　to　the　Amazons　the
day　before　the　Feast　of　Theseus。　The　Megarians　also　show　a　spot　in
their　city　where　some　Amazons　were　buried；　on　the　way　from　the
market　to　a　place　called　Rhus；　where　the　building　in　the　shape　of　a
lozenge　stands。　It　is　said；　likewise；　that　others　of　them　were　slain
near　Chaeronea；　and　buried　near　the　little　rivulet　formerly　called
Thermodon；　but　now　Haemon；　of　which　an　account　is　given　in　the　life　of
Dem